Phenomenological characteristics of attentional biases towards threat: A critical review

Cisler, Josh M.; Bacon, Amy K.; Williams, Nathan L.

doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9161-y

Cited by 306Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesVisual Attention and Saliency Detection

Phenomenological characteristics of attentional biases towards threat: A critical review

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Cisler, Josh M., Bacon, Amy K., Williams, Nathan L.·2009·Cognitive Therapy and Research

DOI 10.1007/s10608-007-9161-yPMC PMC2901130

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Abstract

Although research has consistently revealed the presence of a general attentional bias towards threat, empirical and theoretical ambiguity exists in determining whether attentional biases are comprised of facilitated attention to threat, difficulty in disengagement from threat, or both, as well as whether attentional biases reflect automatic or strategic processes. This paper reviews empirical investigations across 4 common assessment tasks: the Stroop (masked and unmasked), dot probe, visual search, and the Posner tasks. Although the review finds inconsistencies both within and between assessment tasks, the evidence suggests that attentional biases towards threat are comprised of each of the phenomenological characteristics addressed in this paper. Contemporary theoretical models of attentional biases in anxiety are summarized and critically reviewed in light of the current evidence. Suggestions for future research are addressed, including a need to investigate the psychometric properties of the assessment tasks, to utilize consistent theoretically driven operationalizations of attentional biases, and to provide a temporal description of the characteristics of attentional biases towards threat.

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The distinction between attention orienting and inhibitory processes may help explain the lack of correlation between AB indices from the visual-probe and modified Stroop tasks.
“For example, their distinction may help explain the lack of correlation between AB indices from the visual-probe and modified Stroop tasks (Cisler et al., 2009;Dalgleish et al., 2003;Mogg, Bradley et al., 2000), which engage spatial orienting and inhibitory processes to differing degrees.”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Cisler et al., 2009
AB indices of orienting to threat and threat-distractor interference are often uncorrelated.
“AB indices of orienting to threat and threat-distractor interference are often uncorrelated (Cisler et al., 2009)”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Cisler et al., 2009

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Fox, E. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511521263.006 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

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Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review
Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003 · Cited by 1,753 · see citing works
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self- transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness
Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296 · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis
Armstrong, T., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.004 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety
Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Tibboel, H., De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0034834 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Clinical Efficacy of Attentional Bias Modification Procedures: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Mogoaşe, C., David, D. O., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22081 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Measuring attentional bias to threat: reliability of dot probe and eye movement indices
Waechter, S., Nelson, A. L., Wright, C., Hyatt, A., & Oakman, J. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9588-2 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.001 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
The Effect of High-Anxiety Situations on Conspiracy Thinking
Grzesiak-Feldman, M. (2013) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-013-9165-6 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Reward devaluation: Dot-probe meta-analytic evidence of avoidance of positive information in depressed persons.
Winer, E. S., & Salem, T. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000022 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Temporal dynamics of attentional bias
Zvielli, A., Bernstein, A., & Koster, E. H. W. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614551572 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Exploring the function of selective attention and hypervigilance for threat in anxiety
Richards, H. J., Benson, V., Donnelly, N., & Hadwin, J. A. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.006 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Attention bias modification (ABM): review of effects of multisession ABM training on anxiety and threat-related attention in high-anxious individuals
Mogg, K., Waters, A. M., & Bradley, B. P. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617696359 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Internal reliability of measures of substance-related cognitive bias
Ataya, A. F., Adams, S. H., Mullings, E. L., Cooper, R. M., Attwood, A. S., & Munafo, M. R. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.023 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Relationships among cognition, emotion, and motivation: implications for intervention and neuroplasticity in psychopathology
Crocker, L. D., Heller, W., Warren, S. L., O'Hare, A. J., Infantolino, Z. P., & Miller, G. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00261 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
An integrative network approach to social anxiety disorder: the complex dynamic interplay among attentional bias for threat, attentional control, and symptoms
Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Fleeting reliability in the dot-probe task
Chapman, A., Devue, C., & Grimshaw, G. M. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0947-6 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Psychological Antecedents of Risk-Taking Behavior in Construction
Tixier, A. J. ‐., Hallowell, M. R., Albert, A., Leaf Van Boven, A., & Kleiner, B. M. (2014) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000894 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, worry and attention to threat: A systematic review
Goodwin, H., Yiend, J., & Hirsch, C. R. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.006 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Social anxiety and difficulty disengaging threat: evidence from eye-tracking
Schofield, C. A., Johnson, A. L., Inhoff, A. W., & Coles, M. E. (2012) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.602050 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Social anxiety is related to increased dwell time on socially threatening faces
Lazarov, A., Abend, R., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.007 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A systematic review of attentional biases in disorders involving binge eating
Stojek, M. M., Shank, L. M., Vannucci, A., Bongiorno, D. M., Nelson, E. E., Waters, A. J., Engel, S. G., Boutelle, K. N., Pine, D. S., Yanovski, J. A., et al. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.019 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Enhanced probing of attentional bias: The independence of anxiety-linked selectivity in attentional engagement with and disengagement from negative information
Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.881326 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks
Draheim, C., Pak, R., Draheim, A. A., & Engle, R. W. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-02052-2 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Variations in the Promoter Region of the Serotonin Transporter Gene and Biased Attention for Emotional Information: A Meta-Analysis
Pergamin‐Hight, L., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.030 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Top-down and bottom-up factors in threat-related perception and attention in anxiety
Sussman, T. J., Jin, J., & Mohanty, A. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.08.006 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Components of attentional biases in contamination fear: Evidence for difficulty in disengagement
Cisler, J. M., & Olatunji, B. O. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.003 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Signals of threat do not capture, but prioritize, attention: A conditioning approach.
Notebaert, L., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., De Houwer, J., & Theeuwes, J. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021286 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Internet-delivered attention modification training as a treatment for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial
Neubauer, K., von Auer, M., Murray, E., Petermann, F., Helbig‐Lang, S., & Gerlach, A. L. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.006 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Disgust- and not fear-evoking images hold our attention
van Hooff, J. C., Devue, C., Vieweg, P., & Theeuwes, J. (2013) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.02.001 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Effects of emotion regulation strategies on smoking craving, attentional bias, and task persistence
Szasz, P. L., Szentagotai, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.010 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Specificity and overlap of attention and memory biases in depression
Marchetti, I., Everaert, J., Dainer‐Best, J., Loeys, T., Beevers, C. G., & Koster, E. H. W. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.037 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Selective attentional bias towards pain-related threat in fibromyalgia: preliminary evidence for effects of mindfulness meditation training
Vago, D. R., & Nakamura, Y. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9391-x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Attentional bias differences between fear and disgust: Implications for the role of disgust in disgust-related anxiety disorders
Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Lohr, J. M., & Williams, N. L. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802051599 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety, and Attentional Bias to Threat: Assessing the Psychometric Properties of Response Time Measures
Waechter, S., & Stolz, J. A. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9670-z · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Impulsivity and substance-related attentional bias: a meta-analytic review.
Coskunpinar, A., & Cyders, M. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.008 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Attention training and the threat bias: An ERP study
O’Toole, L. J., & Dennis, T. A. (2011) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.10.007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Health anxiety and attentional bias toward virus-related stimuli during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cannito, L., Crosta, A. D., Palumbo, R., Ceccato, I., Anzani, S., Malva, P. L., Palumbo, R., & Domenico, A. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73599-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder
Pergamin‐Hight, L., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12599 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Personality predicts cognitive bias in captive psittacines, Amazona amazonica
Cussen, V. A., & Mench, J. A. (2014) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.12.022 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Always Look on the Bright Side of Life: The Attentional Basis of Positive Affectivity
Grafton, B., Ang, C., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1842 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The role of self-disturbances and cognitive biases in the relationship between traumatic life events and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical sample
Gawęda, Ł., Prochwicz, K., Adamczyk, P., Frydecka, D., Misiak, B., Kotowicz, K., Szczepanowski, R., Florkowski, M., & Nelson, B. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.023 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Attentional bias toward threat in contamination fear: Overt components and behavioral correlates.
Armstrong, T., Sarawgi, S., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024453 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome and selective attentional bias towards COVID‐19‐related stimuli in UK residents during the 2020–2021 pandemic
Albery, I. P., Spada, M. M., & Nikčević, A. V. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2639 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
A Critical Review of Laboratory-Based Studies Examining the Relationships of Social Anxiety and Alcohol Intake
Battista, S. R., Stewart, S. H., & Ham, L. S. (2010) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473711003010003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Mental health in violent crime victims: Does sexual orientation matter?
Cramer, R. J., McNiel, D. E., Holley, S. R., Shumway, M., & Boccellari, A. (2011) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/h0093954 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Age-Related Neurodegeneration Prevention Through mTOR Inhibition: Potential Mechanisms and Remaining Questions
Jahrling, J., & Laberge, R.-M. (2015) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026615666150610125856 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
ATTENTIONAL BIAS TEMPORAL DYNAMICS PREDICT POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS: A PROSPECTIVE-LONGITUDINAL STUDY AMONG SOLDIERS
Schäfer, J., Bernstein, A., Zvielli, A., Höfler, M., Wïttchen, H., & Schönfeld, S. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22526 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Attention bias towards negative emotional information and its relationship with daily worry in the context of acute stress: An eye-tracking study
Macatee, R. J., Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.013 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Attention bias dynamics and symptom severity during and following CBT for social anxiety disorder.
Davis, M. L., Rosenfield, D., Bernstein, A., Zvielli, A., Reinecke, A., Beevers, C. G., Koster, E. H. W., & Smits, J. A. J. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000125 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The influence of interpersonal aggression on maternal perceptions of infant emotions: Associations with early parenting quality
Dayton, C. J., Huth-Bocks, A. C., & Busuito, A. (2016) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000114 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Affect balance predicts daily emotional experience
Veilleux, J. C., Lankford, N. M., Hill, M. A., Skinner, K. D., Chamberlain, K. D., Baker, D. E., & Pollert, G. A. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109683 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Political Identity Over Personal Impact: Early U.S. Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Collins, R. N., Mandel, D. R., & Schywiola, S. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607639 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Attention to social threat as a vulnerability to the development of comorbid social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders: An Avoidance-Coping Cognitive Model
Bacon, A. K., & Ham, L. S. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.06.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Single-session attention bias modification and error-related brain activity
Nelson, B. D., Jackson, F. L., Amir, N., & Hajcak, G. (2015) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-015-0365-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Attentional control, rumination and recurrence of depression.
Figueroa, C., DeJong, H., Mocking, R., Fox, E., Rive, M., Schene, A., Stein, A., & Ruhé, H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.072 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Content specificity of attentional bias to threat in post-traumatic stress disorder
Zinchenko, A., Al-Amin, M. M., Alam, M. M., Mahmud, W., Kabir, N., Reza, H. M., & Burne, T. H. J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.05.006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Does repetitive negative thinking affect attention? Differential effects of worry and rumination on attention to emotional stimuli.
Lewis, E. J., Blanco, I., Raila, H., & Joormann, J. (2019) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000535 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Uncertainty-Related Attentional Biases: Evidence of Facilitated Engagement or Disengagement Difficulty?
Fergus, T. A., Bardeen, J. R., & Wu, K. D. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9509-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Time Course of Attentional Bias Components Toward Body-shape Related Pictures Among Women with Fat Negative Physical Self: An Eye Movement Study
Xiao, G. A. O., Quan-Chuan, W. A. N. G., Hong, C. H. E. N., Bao-Ying, W. A. N. G., & Guang, Z. H. A. O. (2013) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2012.00498 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Trait anxiety mediates the link between inferior frontal cortex volume and negative affective bias in healthy adults
Hu, Y., & Dolcos, S. M. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Investigating the psychometric properties of the Suicide Stroop Task.
Wilson, K. M., Millner, A. J., Auerbach, R. P., Glenn, C. R., Kearns, J. C., Kirtley, O. J., Najmi, S., O’Connor, R. C., Stewart, J. G., & Christine, B. W. (2019) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000723 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Free-viewing multi-stimulus eye tracking task to index attention bias for alcohol versus soda cues: Satisfactory reliability and criterion validity
Soleymani, A., Ivanov, Y., Mathôt, S., & de Jong, P. J. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106117 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Impaired Identification of Threat-Related Social Information in Male Delinquents With Antisocial Personality Disorder
Schönenberg, M., Louis, K., Mayer, S., & Jusyte, A. (2013) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2013_27_100 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Health anxiety and attentional bias: The time course of vigilance and avoidance in light of pictorial illness information
Jasper, F., & Witthöft, M. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Leung, C. J., Yiend, J., Trotta, A., & Lee, T. M. C. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102575 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Testing the Efficacy of Attention Bias Modification for Suicidal Thoughts: Findings From Two Experiments
Cha, C. B., Najmi, S., Amir, N., Matthews, J., Deming, C. A., Glenn, J. J., Calixte, R. M., Harris, J. A., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1162241 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Attention bias modification via single-session dot-probe training: Failures to replicate
Everaert, J., Mogoaşe, C., David, D. O., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.011 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Biased attention to threat and anxiety: On taking a developmental approach
Burris, J. L., Buss, K. A., LoBue, V., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., & Field, A. P. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808719860717 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Drawing alcohol craving process: A systematic review of its association with thought suppression, inhibition and impulsivity
Bernard, L. J., Cyr, L., Bonnet-Suard, A., Cutarella, C., & Bréjard, V. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05868 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Subtypes in addiction and their neurobehavioral profiles across three functional domains
Drossel, G., Brucar, L. R., Rawls, E., Hendrickson, T. J., & Zilverstand, A. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02426-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Attentional bias to negative information and 5-HTTLPR genotype interactively predict students' emotional reactivity to first university semester.
Osinsky, R., Lösch, A., Hennig, J., Alexander, N., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026674 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Attentional bias modification in depression through gaze contingencies and regulatory control using a new eye-tracking intervention paradigm: study protocol for a placebo-controlled trial
Vázquez, C., Blanco, I., Sánchez-López, Á., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1150-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Socioeconomic disadvantage, brain morphometry, and attentional bias to threat in middle childhood
Dufford, A. J., Bianco, H., & Kim, P. (2018) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00670-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Time-course of attention biases in social phobia
Schofield, C. A., Inhoff, A. W., & Coles, M. E. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.07.006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Indirect Measurement of Sexual Orientation: Comparison of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Viewing Time, and Choice Reaction Time Tasks
Rönspies-Heitmann, J., Schmidt, A. F., Melnikova, A., Krumova, R., Zolfagari, A., & Banse, R. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0473-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Intranasal Oxytocin Lessens the Attentional Bias to Adult Negative Faces: A Double Blind within-Subject Experiment
Kim, Y., Oh, S.-M., Corfield, F., Jeong, D.-W., Jang, E.-Y., & Treasure, J. L. (2014) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.160 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Temperament differentially influences early information processing in men and women: Preliminary electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in healthy individuals.
Pintzinger, N. M., Pfabigan, D., Pfau, L., Kryspin-Exner, I., & Lamm, C. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Attention bias modification reduces neural correlates of response monitoring
Nelson, B. D., Jackson, F. L., Amir, N., & Hajcak, G. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.059 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gaining insights on the influence of attention, anxiety, and anticipation on pain perception
Chayadi, E., & McConnell, B. L. (2019) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s176889 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Weight Status and Attentional Biases Toward Foods: Impact of Implicit Olfactory Priming
Mas, M., Brindisi, M., Chabanet, C., Nicklaus, S., & Chambaron, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01789 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Indirect Measures in Forensic Contexts
Schmidt, A. F., Banse, R., & Imhoff, R. (2015) · Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Impact of the temporal stability of preexistent attentional bias for threat on its alteration through attention bias modification
Heeren, A., Philippot, P., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The role of ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in attention and interpretation biases in individuals with general anxiety disorder (GAD): A tDCS study
Nejati, V., Khalaji, S., Goodarzi, H., & Nitsche, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.034 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
An Eye-Tracking Study of Attention Biases in Children at High Familial Risk for Depression and Their Parents with Depression
Platt, B., Sfärlea, A., Buhl, C., Löchner, J., Neumüller, J., Thomsen, L. A., Starman‐Wöhrle, K., Salemink, E., & Schulte‐Körne, G. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01105-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effect of vicarious fear learning on children’s heart rate responses and attentional bias for novel animals.
Reynolds, G., Field, A. P., & Askew, C. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0037225 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease: The role of emotional stress and social isolation
Nass, B. Y. S., Dibbets, P., & Markus, C. R. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3080 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of early maternal care on adolescent attention bias to threat in nonhuman primates
Morin, E. L., Howell, B., Meyer, J. S., & Sánchez, M. M. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100643 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The ups and downs of cognitive bias: Dissociating the attentional characteristics of positive and negative affectivity
Grafton, B., Watkins, E. R., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2011.578066 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Neural correlates of an early attentional capture by positive distractor words
Hinojosa, J. A., Mercado, F., Albert, J., Barjola, P., Peláez, I., Villalba-García, C., & Carretié, L. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Emotion processing across and within species: A comparison between humans (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Kret, M. E., Muramatsu, A., & Matsuzawa, T. (2018) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/com0000108 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Social threat attentional bias in childhood: Relations to aggression and hostile intent attributions
Miller, N. V., & Johnston, C. (2019) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21813 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Attentional Bias and Its Modification in Contamination OCD Symptomatology
Rouel, M., & Smith, E. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9927-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sleep-related attentional and interpretive-bias in insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Akram, U., Barclay, N. L., Milkins, D. B., Stevenson, J. C., & Gardani, M. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101713 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Attention and Interpretation Biases and Attention Control in Youth with Social Anxiety Disorder
Pergamin‐Hight, L., Bitton, S., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.053115 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
ERP investigation of attentional disengagement from suicide-relevant information in patients with major depressive disorder
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Authors: Cisler, J. M., Bacon, A. K., & Williams, N. L.
Affiliations: University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
Corresponding author: Cisler, Josh M.
ORCID: Cisler, Josh M.
Bacon, Amy K.
Venue: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-08-16
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 221-234
ISSN: 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
1573-2819
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-007-9161-y
PMC: PMC2901130
OpenAlex: W1980139803
Cited by: 306
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 4.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2009-09-02)
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018869)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Keywords: anxiety, attentional capture, Stroop task, dot-probe task, visual search, Posner task, anxiety models

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Phenomenological characteristics of attentional biases towards threat: A critical review

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