Internet-based treatment for panic disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided (via real-time video sessions) with unguided self-help treatment and a waitlist control. PAXPD study results
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that Internet-based cognitive behavioral treatments (ICBT) are effective to treat anxiety disorders. However, the effect of therapist guidance in ICBT is still under debate and guided ICBT offered in a real-time audio-video communication format has not yet been systematically investigated. This three-arm RCT compared the efficacy of guided with unguided ICBT (12 weeks intervention) and a waitlist (WL). A total of 111 individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder (PD) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Primary outcomes were the severity of self-report panic symptoms and diagnostic status. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression, functional impairment, catastrophic cognitions, fear of sensations and body vigilance. At post-treatment, both active conditions showed superior outcomes regarding PD and associated symptoms (guided ICBT vs. WL: d = 1.04-1.36; unguided ICBT vs. WL: d = 0.70-1.06). At post-treatment, the two active conditions did not differ significantly in self-reported symptom reduction (d = 0.21-0.54, all ps > 0.05), but the guided treatment was superior to the unguided treatment in terms of diagnostic status (χ 2 (1) = 13.15, p < 0.01). Treatment gains were maintained at successive follow-ups and the guided treatment became superior to the unguided treatment at 6 months follow-up (d = 0.72-1.05, all ps < 0.05).
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Most studies of guided ICBT in systematic reviews were conducted in Europe, particularly Northern Europe.
“Most studies of guided ICBT in these reviews were conducted in Europe, particularly, Northern Europe [10-13].”
From Feasibility of Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder in Japan: Pilot Single-Arm Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Ciuca, A. M., Berger, T., Crişan, L. G., & Miclea, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Babeș-Bolyai University (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Ciuca, Amalia M.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 43-55
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2794937024
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Scientific Exchange Programme NMS
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- panic disorder, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, therapist guidance, catastrophic cognitions, body vigilance, depression, functional disability, maintenance therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Internet, Young Adult, Self Report
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