Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China

Chao, Miao; Xue, Dini; Liu, Tour; Yang, Haibo; Hall, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102248

Cited by 300COVID-19 and Mental HealthCommunication and COVID-19 ImpactImpact of Technology on Adolescents

Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China

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Chao, Miao, Xue, Dini, Liu, Tour, Yang, Haibo, Hall, Brian J.·2020·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102248PMC PMC7255752

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Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak in China led to an extraordinary threat to public health and wellbeing. This study examined the psychological impact of media use among people indirectly exposed to the disease during the initial phase of the outbreak. We conducted an internet-based survey on January 28, 2020 (one week after the official declaration of person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus). Media use (media forms, content of media exposure, and media engagement) related to the outbreak and psychological outcomes (positive and negative affect, anxiety, depression, and stress) of 917 Chinese adults was assessed. A series of multivariable regressions were conducted. The results showed that use of new media, rather than traditional media, was significantly associated with more negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress. Viewing stressful content (i.e., severity of the outbreak, reports from hospital) was associated with more negative affect and depression. Media engagement was also associated with more negative affect, anxiety, and stress. However, viewing heroic acts, speeches from experts, and knowledge of the disease and prevention were associated with more positive affect and less depression. The study suggested new media use and more media engagement was associated with negative psychological outcomes, while certain media content was associated with positive psychological impact. The present study highlights the need for timely public health communication from official sources and suggests that reduced exposure to new media may be beneficial.

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Receiving information from health professionals or other experts was not associated with negative mental health consequences.
“In contrast, receiving information from health professionals or other experts was not associated with negative mental health consequences (Ko et al., 2020; Chao et al., 2020).”
From Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany (2020) · cites this paper as Chao et al., 2020

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The correlation between lifestyle health behaviors, coping style, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among college students: Two rounds of a web-based study
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“But with the development of the pandemic, the news about this part have been confirmed, so everyone’s ST will gradually decline, and then transferred to other activities, such as the increase of physical activity; however, due to the uncertainty and uncertainty of COVID-19 itself, it will bring bad emotional aftereffe…”
Background
Knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 among Indonesian migrant workers in the Greater China Region
Liem, A., Wang, C., Dong, C.-R., Lam, A. I. F., Latkin, C. A., & Hall, B. J. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.029 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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Community cohesion during the first peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A social antidote to health anxiety and stress
Svensson, S. J., & Elntib, S. (2021) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12800 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…disruption of their daily routines, caused by school closures or stressors involving exam and matriculation arrangements and online education support (Cao et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a), as also shown in UAE (Saddik et al., 2020) and Spain (OzamizEtxebarria et al., 2020).”
Background
To thrive or not to thrive: Pathways for sustaining thriving at work
Porath, C. L., Gibson, C. B., & Spreitzer, G. M. (2022) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2022.100176 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mediating roles of fear of missing out and boredom proneness on psychological distress and social media addiction among Indian adolescents
Malik, L., Shahnawaz, M. G., Rehman, U., Pragyendu, Uniyal, R., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-023-00323-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“It is well-accepted that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a variety of different mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and psychological distress (e.g., Pappa et al., 2020; Chao et al., 2020).”
Exploring cyberchondria and its associations in dental students amid COVID-19 infodemic
Shailaja, B., Shetty, V., Chaudhury, S., & Murali, T. (2020) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_212_20 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“” Spread of misinformation may induce commotion, amplify perception of risk,[21] or result in nonrecommended behaviors.”
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The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study
Yang, X., Yip, B. H. K., Mak, A. D. P., Zhang, D., Lee, E. K. P., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/24623 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Time spent on social media was positively associated with depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, consistent with recently published studies [5-7].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Can Self-Concept Clarity Protect against A Pandemic? A Daily Study on Self-Concept Clarity and Negative Affect during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Alessandri, G., De Longis, E., Golfieri, F., & Crocetti, E. (2021) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2020.1846538 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of Exposure to COVID-19 News and Information: A Meta-Analysis of Media Use and Uncertainty-Related Responses During the Pandemic
Chu, T. H., Yeo, T. E. D., & Su, Y. (2022) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990211068857 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Media consumption and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: a UK cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
Neill, R. D., Blair, C., Best, P., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2021) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-021-01506-0 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The impact of pandemic-related worry on cognitive functioning and risk-taking
Castanheira, K. D. S., Sharp, M. E., & Otto, A. R. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260061 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Indeed, among individuals experiencing elevated levels of anxiety, there have been increases in searches for pandemic-related information [74].”
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What Explains Natives and Sojourners Preventive Health Behavior in a Pandemic: Role of Media and Scientific Self-Efficacy
Keren, F., Siddiquei, A. N., Anwar, M., Asmi, F., & Ye, Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664399 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Communication vs evidence: What hinders the outreach of science during an infodemic? A narrative review
Bella, E. L., Allen, C., & Lirussi, F. (2021) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2021.100731 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“44 , 45 Also, it is known that people’s behaviors on social media are subject to different biases and user-generated content is not necessarily accurate.”
The influence of college students' academic stressors on mental health during COVID-19: The mediating effect of social support, social well-being, and self-identity
Li, P., Yang, J., Zhou, Z., Zhao, Z., & Liu, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.917581 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The pandemic embodied many overwhelming stressors, such as losing employment, financial insecurity, and isolation from others (32), increasing adverse psychological consequences on individuals, like depression (7, 8).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The beauty and the beast of social media: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the impact of adolescents' social media experiences on their mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic
Keles, B., Grealish, A., & Leamy, M. C. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04271-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“A similar conclusion was reached by other studies (e.g., Chao et al., 2020; Fiacco, 2020; O’Reilly, 2020).”
The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19
Layug, A., Krishnamurthy, S., McKenzie, R., & Feng, B. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/38589 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Discrimination against Asian Americans has dramatically risen in the past couple of years due to the link that has been drawn between COVID-19 and Wuhan, China, through multiple sources, especially the mass media [44].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Digital Marketing Communication Activities on Online Magazine Gettinlow
Teguh, M., Dumais, M. A. O., Wijaya, C. T., Torsten, P., & Vera, A. (2023) · Journal International Dakwah and Communication · doi:10.55849/jidc.v3i1.196 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Impact of social media on public fear, adoption of precautionary behaviors, and compliance with health regulations during COVID-19 pandemic
Yassin, A., Al-Omari, M., Al-Azzam, S. I., Karasneh, R. A., Abu‐Ismail, L., & Soudah, O. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2021.1935778 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Several studies have examined the relationship between social media use, fear of COVID-19 and hygienic behaviors(Chao et al. 2020; Mertens et al. 2020; Garfin et al. 2020).”
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Can physical activity foster mental health by preventing addictive social media use? – A longitudinal investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Precht, L.-M., Stirnberg, J., Margraf, J., & Brailovskaia, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100316 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Stop talking about it already! Co-ruminating and social media focused on COVID-19 was associated with heightened state anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perceived changes in health anxiety during Spring 2020
Stone, L. B., & Veksler, A. E. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00734-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Finding that COVID-19 focused social media content (not general social media use) accounted for unique variance in each mental health outcome even after covarying for other social media factors and demographic variables extends research linking social media content with heightened depression, and health anxiety risk […”
Background
Post-traumatic Stress and Growth Among the Children and Adolescents in the Aftermath of COVID-19
Bhushan, B., Basu, S., & Ganai, U. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791263 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A four-level meta-analytic review of the relationship between social media and well-being: a fresh perspective in the context of COVID-19
Wong, J., Yi, P. X., Quek, F. Y. X., Lua, V. Y. Q., Majeed, N. M., & Hartanto, A. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04092-w · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Persian Version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (Persian-C19P-S) and the Differences in COVID-19-Related Phobic Reactions in Patients with Anxiety Disorders
Ardestani, S. M. S., Khosravani, V., Bastan, F. S., & Балоглу, М. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00523-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the current pandemic conditions that has affected people around the world and leads to economic, social, and psychological problems such as fear, anxiety, depression, stress, and worry (Chao et al., 2020; Lebel et al., 2020; Mertens et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020).”
Background
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of social anxiety scale for social media users and cross-sectional investigation into this disorder among college students
Jia, G., Dai, H., Chu, Y., Wang, X., Hao, Y., & Wang, S. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152328 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Saúde mental e Covid-19: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Lobo, L. A. C., & Rieth, C. E. (2021) · Saúde em Debate · doi:10.1590/0103-1104202113024 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Relationships among Anxiety, Subjective Well-Being, Media Consumption, and Safety-Seeking Behaviors during the COVID-19 Epidemic
Luo, Y.-F., Shen, H.-Y., Yang, S. C., & Chen, L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413189 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Moreover, the interactive nature of new media is more likely to cause negative “emotional contagion” in disasters, which may cause new media users to experience more negative psychological effects [39].”
Background
Psychosocial predictors of virus and social distancing fears in undergraduate students living in a US COVID-19 “hotspot”
Fedorenko, E. J., Kibbey, M. M., Contrada, R. J., & Farris, S. G. (2021) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2020.1866658 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Future studies should evaluate multivariate models that account for the influence of media consumption (Chao et al., 2020; Mertens et al., 2020), misinformation about the virus (Rajkumar, 2020; Van Bortel et al.”
Background
Overall and COVID-19-specific citation impact of highly visible COVID-19 media experts: bibliometric analysis
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Tezel, A., & Jagsi, R. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052856 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Solutions to Manage Smart Cities’ Risks in Times of Pandemic Crisis
Petrova, M. M., & Tairov, I. (2022) · Risks · doi:10.3390/risks10120240 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“However, implementing measures is accompanied by many challenges and obstacles:”
The status and high risk factors of severe psychological distress in migraine patients during nCOV-2019 outbreak in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study
Ma, M., Fang, J., Li, C., Bao, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, N., Guo, J., & He, L. (2020) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01168-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Knowledge, attitudes and anxiety toward COVID-19 among domestic and overseas Chinese college students
Yang, H., Chen, Z., Fan, Y., Hu, X., Wu, T. T., Kang, S., Xiao, B., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa268 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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A study of Chinese college students' COVID-19-related information needs and seeking behavior
Huang, K., Hao, X., Guo, M., Deng, J., & Li, L. (2021) · Aslib Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1108/ajim-10-2020-0307 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Psychological resistance of student youth to information stress in the COVID-19 pandemic
Kislyakov, P. A. (2020) · Perspectives of science and education · doi:10.32744/pse.2020.5.24 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
When should retailers increase prices during a crisis? A longitudinal inquiry during the COVID ‐19 pandemic
Jeong, H., Ye, H., Bhatt, S., Zhang, J., & Suri, R. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1934 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“A combination of one or more of these factors led to an increase in negative affect and a decrease in positive affect among people (Chao et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020).”
Background
Hope over fear: The interplay between threat information and hope appeal corrections in debunking early COVID-19 misinformation
Tao, R., Li, J., Shen, L., & Yang, S. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116132 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
New Media Literacy, Health Status, Anxiety, and Preventative Behaviors Related to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan
Hung, S., Yang, S. C., & Luo, Y.-F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111247 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Relationship between mental health, sleep status and screen time among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Wang, W., Jiang, J., Qi, L., Zhao, F., Wu, J., Zhu, X., Wang, B., & Hong, X. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073347 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“42 The results also showed that screen time and sleep status were negatively correlated, and sleep status partially mediated the relationship between screen time and both depression and anxiety, accounting for 13.73% and 19.68% of the total effects, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluential
The role of social media on COVID-19 preventive behaviors worldwide, systematic review
Fenta, E. T., Bogale, E. K., & Anagaw, T. F. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306284 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Exploring the impact of Internet and media sources exposure on self-care behavior: mediating the role of health anxiety, literacy and information-seeking behavior
Soroya, S. H., Rehman, A. U., & Faiola, A. J. (2023) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-06-2023-1003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Experiences of Online COVID-19 Information Acquisition among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes and Varying eHealth Literacy
Sjöström, A., Hajdarević, S., Hörnsten, Å., Öberg, U., & Isaksson, U. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413240 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Psychological Trauma Through Mass Media
Rozanov, V. A., & Rutz, W. (2021) · World Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/wsp.wsp_90_20 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Communication Study of Young Adults and Online Dependency during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Silveira, P., Morais, R. J. P., & Petrella, S. (2022) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc12040109 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Several studies at the international level have crossed the field of psychology and communication to analyze possible changes in media use during the pandemic, focusing on the potential consequences of excess or a lack of quality [12,14,15,17,45,57,58].”
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Stratified Impacts of the Infodemic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey in 6 Asian Jurisdictions
Chen, X., Lin, F., & Cheng, E. W. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/31088 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“information overload about COVID-19 than men is consistent with findings of previous studies [40-42].”
Media Exposure Predicts Acute Stress and Probable Acute Stress Disorder during the Early COVID-19 Outbreak in China
Luo, Y., He, X., Wang, S., Li, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11407 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sex differences in the experience of COVID-19 post-traumatic stress symptoms by adults in South Africa
Nzimande, N. P., Tantawi, M. E., Zúñiga, R. A. A., Opoku-Sarkodie, R., Brown, B. J., Ezechi, O., Uzochukwu, B. S. C., Ellakany, P., Aly, N. M., Nguyen, A. L., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03883-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Technology Dependency and Impact During COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review and Open Challenges
Norman, A. A., Marzuki, A. H., Fatokun, F. B., Hamid, S. B., Ghani, N. B. A., Ravana, S. D., & Arshad, N. I. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3250770 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“such as eating disorders [65], [66], [67].”
Covid-19 Sürecinde Depresyon, Stres, Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu ve Zorlayıcı Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişkiler
Çelik, F., & Diker, E. (2021) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.783472 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sense of Coherence and Mental Health in College Students After Returning to School During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Media Exposure
Li, M., Xu, Z., He, X., Zhang, J., Song, R., Duan, W., Liu, T., & Yang, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687928 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
El miedo al contagio de covid-19, como mediador entre la exposición a las noticias y la salud mental, en población peruana
Santa-Cruz-Espinoza, H., Chávez-Ventura, G., Domínguez-Vergara, J., Robles, E. D. A., Armas, H. M. A., & Calmet, V. G. V. (2022) · Enfermería Global · doi:10.6018/eglobal.489671 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In the present study, three hypotheses are proposed: (H1) fear of COVID-19 is directly related to exposure to COVID-19 news (12, 18, 19) and negatively related to mental health (22, 23, 24); (H2) exposure to COVID-19 news is negatively related to mental health (25); and (H3) fear of COVID-19 exerts a mediating effect…”
BackgroundInfluential
Data on media use and mental health during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China
Xue, D., Liu, T., Chen, X., Liu, X., & Chao, M. (2021) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2021.106765 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Has Smartphone Use Influenced Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan?
Nguyen, T. X. T., Lal, S., Sulemana, A.-S., Yuktadatta, P., McKinnon, L., Khan, M. S. R., & Kadoya, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710540 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The effects of social media usage on vicarious traumatization and the mediation role of recommendation systems usage and peer communication in China after the aircraft flight accident
Li, K., Li, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2337509 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“College students are more susceptible to the effects of internet information (Chao et al., 2020; Pat-Horenc-zyk et al., 2021; Wineburg & Mcgrew, 2016), and they are also a group that is prone to experiencing vicarious traumatization (Turnbull et al., 2020).”
Background
Media Use During COVID-19: An Investigation of Negative Effects on the Mental Health of Asian Versus White Americans
Johnson, J. M. Q., Saleem, M., Tang, L., Ramasubramanian, S., & Riewestahl, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2021.638031 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“While media use can help communicate about virusrelated health risks and preventive behaviors, it can also exacerbate psychological distress about the pandemic (Chao et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2020).”
Background
Spiritual and mental health of teenagers in Hong Kong and in mainland China under the impact of COVID-19
Leung, C. H., & Mu, Y. (2021) · Asian Education and Development Studies · doi:10.1108/aeds-04-2021-0076 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Media Consumption and Mental Health during COVID-19 lockdown: A UK Cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and NorthernPreprint
Neill, R. D., Blair, C., Best, P., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5d9fc · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Differences in perceived threat and trauma in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kohlboeck, G., Wenter, A., Sevecke, K., & Exenberger, S. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00628-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Some studies showed an association of higher PTSD symptoms with greater exposure levels [25, 53], whereas some studies considered factors such as indirect exposure via COVID-19-related news [9, 29, 37], the impact of “worst” experienced/anticipated events [5] or the subjective severity of a child’s disaster experience…”
Background
Lifestyle behaviors and mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among college students: a web-based study
Zhang, Y., Tao, S., Qu, Y., Mou, X., Gan, H., Zhou, P., Zhu, Z., Wu, X., & Tao, F. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14598-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Often this information is accompanied by fragmented and unfiltered information [18, 48], which may lead to unnecessary trouble, and when it arrives, bad emotions may also increase [48–50].”
Background
Resilient Skills: Survivor Skills That the Class of COVID-19 Should Pursue
Hettich, P. I. (2020) · Eye on Psi Chi Magazine · doi:10.24839/2164-9812.eye25.2.18 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Media consumption patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms in the Chinese general population during the COVID-19 outbreak
Wu, R.-Y., Ge, L.-F., & Zhong, B. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.104625 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Impact of Intrinsic Factors and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Technology
Alaqra, A. S., & Kitkowska, A. (2021) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3411763.3451669 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“More health-conscious individuals might use more health-related applications, which corroborate with past research fndings [5].”
BackgroundResult
Prevalence and Factors of Anxiety During the Coronavirus-2019 Pandemic Among Teachers in Saudi Arabia
Alhazmi, R. A., Alghadeer, S. M., Al-Arifi, M. N., Alamer, A. A., Mubarak, A. M., Alwhaibi, A. M., Fayez, R. A., & Alsubaie, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.827238 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In addition, studies conducted in Saudi Arabia (25), UK (26), and China (27) showed the effects of different types of media sources on person’s anxiety level.”
Background
Pandemic and the media: How risk information seeking influences media trust and emotions
Guo, W., & Bai, Q. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107522 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mental health hygiene during a health crisis: Exploring factors associated with media-induced secondary trauma in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic
Lamba, N., Khokhlova, O., Bhatia, A., & McHugh, C. (2023) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/20551029231199578 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This ﬁ nding supports recent studies suggesting that greater use of social media and newer forms of media, in comparison to traditional media, contributed to negative mental health during the pandemic (Chao et al., 2020, Gao et al., 2020).”
Result

Network Analysis of Media Exposure and Psychological Outcomes During the Initial Outbreak of COVID-19 in China
Zhang, S., Liu, T., Liu, X., & Chao, M. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00738-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exposure to COVID ‐19‐related media content and mental health during the initial outbreak of COVID ‐19 in China
Liu, T., Zhang, S., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12805 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychological effect of mass media during initial stages of COVID-19 pandemic amid lockdown in India
Taneja, M. (2020) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0802.244
Media exposure and psychological impact in times of COVID-19. An online study.
Henze, C. S. (2020) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Media exposure predicted acute stress responses during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A cross-sectional study
He, X. (2020) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · doi:10.17632/6bc5m4mng6

Authors: Chao, M., Xue, D., Liu, T., Yang, H., & Hall, B. J.
Affiliations: Tianjin Normal University (CN)
University of Macau (MO)
Corresponding author: Liu, Tour
ORCID: Chao, Miao
Xue, Dini
Liu, Tour
Yang, Haibo
Hall, Brian J.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-08
Volume: 74
Pages: 102248
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102248
PMC: PMC7255752
OpenAlex: W3029774798
Cited by: 300
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 30
FWCI: 21.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Project (TJJX15-002, 18YJC190013)
Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ministry of Education of China
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, media use, psychological outcomes, anxiety, depression, stress, negative affect, positive affect, new media, media engagement, public health communication, indirect exposure, Chinese adults
MeSH terms: COVID-19, Adult, Anxiety, China, Depression, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Internet, Pandemics

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Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China

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