Rapid and highly efficient mammalian cell engineering via Cas9 protein transfection
Open accessAbstract
CRISPR-Cas9 systems provide a platform for high efficiency genome editing that are enabling innovative applications of mammalian cell engineering. However, the delivery of Cas9 and synthesis of guide RNA (gRNA) remain as steps that can limit overall efficiency and ease of use. Here we describe methods for rapid synthesis of gRNA and for delivery of Cas9 protein/gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (Cas9 RNPs) into a variety of mammalian cells through liposome-mediated transfection or electroporation. Using these methods, we report nuclease-mediated indel rates of up to 94% in Jurkat T cells and 87% in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for a single target. When we used this approach for multigene targeting in Jurkat cells we found that two-locus and three-locus indels were achieved in approximately 93% and 65% of the resulting isolated cell lines, respectively. Further, we found that the off-target cleavage rate is reduced using Cas9 protein when compared to plasmid DNA transfection. Taken together, we present a streamlined cell engineering workflow that enables gRNA design to analysis of edited cells in as little as four days and results in highly efficient genome modulation in hard-to-transfect cells. The reagent preparation and delivery to cells is amenable to high throughput, multiplexed genome-wide cell engineering.
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RNP methods show a 2.5- to 28-fold reduction in off-target effects compared to plasmid-based methods.
“More specifically, a 2.5- to 28-fold reduction in off-target effects has been reported with an RNP method compared to plasmid-based methods (Liang et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2021).”
From Efficient genetic editing of human intestinal organoids using ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR (2023) · cites this paper as Liang et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Liang, X., Potter, J., Kumar, S., Zou, Y., Quintanilla, R., Sridharan, M., Carte, J., Chen, W., Roark, N., Ranganathan, S., Ravinder, N., & Chesnut, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Potter, Jason
- Venue
- Journal of Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 208
- Pages
- 44-53
- ISSN
- 0168-1656 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W333206344
- Cited by
- 733
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 28.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Keywords
- CRISPR/Cas9, ribonucleoprotein complexes, genome editing, lipofection, electroporation, off-target cleavage, induced pluripotent stem cells, Jurkat cells
- MeSH terms
- Endonucleases, Humans, Transfection, Jurkat Cells, Cell Engineering, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
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