Androgen glucuronides analysis by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry: could it raise new perspectives in the diagnostic field of hormone-dependent malignancies?
Abstract
Breast and prostate constitute organs of intense steroidogenic activity. Clinical and epidemiologic data provide strong evidence on the influence of androgens and estrogens on the risk of typical hormone-dependent malignancies, like breast and prostate cancer. Recent studies have focused on the role of androgen metabolites in regulating androgen concentrations in hormone-sensitive tissues. Steroid glucuronidation has been suggested to have a prominent role in controlling the levels and the biological activity of unconjugated androgens. It is well-established that serum levels of androgen glucuronides reflect androgen metabolism in androgen-sensitive tissues. Quantitative analysis of androgen metabolites in blood specimens is the only minimally invasive approach permitting an accurate estimate of the total pool of androgens. During the past years, androgen glucuronides analysis most often involved radioimmunoassays (RIA) or direct immunoassays, both methods bearing serious limitations. However, recent impressive technical advances in mass spectrometry, and particularly in high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), have overcome these drawbacks enabling the simultaneous, quantitative analysis of multiple steroids even at low concentrations. Blood androgen profiling by LC-MS/MS, a robust and reliable technique of high selectivity, sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy emerges as a promising new approach in the study of human pathology. The present review offers a contemporary insight in androgen glucuronides profiling through the application of LC-MS/MS, highlighting new perspectives in the study of steroids and their implication in hormone-dependent malignancies.
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The concentration of 17-keto metabolites in circulation is higher than that of the 17β-hydroxy metabolites, with AST-glucuronide and -sulfate being the most abundant.
“Interestingly, the concentration of 17-keto metabolites in circulation is higher than that of the 17β-hydroxy metabolites with AST-glucuronide and -sulfate being the most abundant (see (Kalogera et al., 2013) for a review of LC-MS/MS based studies of circulating androgen and their glucuronides).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Kalogera et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Kalogera, E., Pistos, C., Provatopoulou, X., Athanaselis, S., Spiliopoulou, C., & Gounaris, A.
- Affiliations
- Hellenic Cancer Society (GR)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Gounaris, Antonia
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography B
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 940
- Pages
- 24-34
- ISSN
- 1570-0232 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018565484
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography B (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Keywords
- androgen metabolism, breast cancer, prostate cancer, minimally invasive diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent, Biomarkers, Tumor, Glucuronides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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