Mapping of reporting guidance for systematic reviews and meta-analyses generated a comprehensive item bank for future reporting guidelines
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to generate a comprehensive bank of systematic review (SR) reporting items to inform an update of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 statement.Methods We searched the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research Network library in May 2019 to identify all reporting guidelines for SRs that were published after 2009, regardless of the scope of the guideline. We also conducted a selective review of four guidance manuals for SRs, three tools for assessing the risk of bias in SRs, six meta-research studies evaluating the reporting quality of SRs using a tailored checklist, and five reporting guidelines for other study designs. One author screened and selected sources for inclusion, extracted reporting guidance from sources, and mapped guidance against the PRISMA 2009 checklist items.Results We included 60 sources providing guidance on reporting of SRs and meta-analyses. From these, we collated a list of 221 unique reporting items. Items were categorized into title (four items), abstract (10 items), introduction (12 items), methods (111 items), results (61 items), discussion (12 items), funding and conflicts of interest (four items), administrative information (three items), and data availability (four items). This exercise generated 175 reporting items that could be added to the guidance in the PRISMA 2009 statement.Conclusion Generation of a comprehensive item bank through review and mapping of the literature facilitates identification of missing items and those needing modification, which may not otherwise be identified by the guideline development team or from other activities commonly used to develop reporting guidelines.
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We identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews.
“We identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews (including reporting guidelines, handbooks, tools, and meta-research studies).[38]”
From The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
The Results report reviewing 60 sources of reporting guidance to inform changes to PRISMA 2009, including guidelines, manuals, tools, and reporting-quality studies. However, those 60 sources were presented in 56 reports, so the paper does not support describing them as 60 documents. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWe identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews.
“We identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews (including reporting guidelines, handbooks, tools, and meta-research studies) [38].”
From The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
The development of PRISMA 2020 included reviewing the items included in other documents providing guidance for systematic reviews.
“reviewed the items included in other documents providing guidance for systematic reviews [38]”
From The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
The study was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and based on the minimum criteria established by the Cochrane Back Review Group.
“The study was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (20,21), and the method used was based on the minimum criteria established by the Cochrane Back Review Group (22).”
From Resistance training load effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength gain: systematic review and network meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
The authors reviewed the items included in other reporting guidelines for systematic reviews.
“revisaron los ı ´tems incluidos en otros documentos de guı ´as de presentacio ´ n de publicaciones para revisiones sistema ´ticas 37 ,”
From Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
We identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews.
“We identified possible modifications to the PRISMA 2009 statement by reviewing 60 documents providing reporting guidance for systematic reviews (including reporting guidelines, handbooks, tools, and meta-research studies) [38] .”
From The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
We reviewed the items included in other documents providing guidance for systematic reviews.
“reviewed the items included in other documents providing guidance for systematic reviews [38] ,”
From The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
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The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
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“completeness of published systematic reviews,[17, 21, 36, 37] reviewed the items included in other documents providing guidance for systematic reviews,[38] surveyed systematic review methodologists and journal editors for their views on how to revise the original PRISMA statement,[35] discussed the findings at an in-p…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationThe PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001 · Cited by 4,265 · see citing works
Self-citationUpdating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., & Moher, D. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003 · Cited by 3,490 · see citing works
Self-citationDeclaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016 · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
Self-citationDeclaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2021.07.010 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
“We evaluated the reporting completeness of published systematic reviews [17 , 21 , 36 , 37] , reviewed the items included in other documents providing guidance for systematic reviews [38] , surveyed systematic review methodologists and journal editors for their views on how to revise the original”
MethodSelf-citationThe ABC of systematic literature review: the basic methodological guidance for beginners
Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Abu Samah, A. (2021) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-020-01059-6 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
LOPEZ, P., RADAELLI, R., TAAFFE, D. R., NEWTON, R. U., GALVÃO, D. A., TRAJANO, G. S., TEODORO, J. L., KRAEMER, W. J., HÄKKINEN, K., & PINTO, R. S. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002585 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Lopez, P., Taaffe, D. R., Galvão, D. A., Newton, R. U., Nonemacher, E. R., Wendt, V. M., Bassanesi, R. N., Turella, D. J. P., & Rech, A. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13428 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Bettariga, F., Taaffe, D. R., Galvão, D. A., Lopez, P., Bishop, C., Markarian, A. M., Natalucci, V., Kim, J.-S., & Newton, R. U. (2024) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“1), 33,34 and registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023414177).”
BackgroundOgegbo, A. A., & Ramnarain, U. (2024) · African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education · doi:10.1080/18117295.2024.2374133 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The guidelines followed include phases that describe the steps of the review process such as identi fi cation, screening for eligibility and exclusion criteria, and data abstraction and analysis of the reports that fall under the scope of a review (Moher et al., 2015; Page et al., 2020).”
LOPEZ, P., RADAELLI, R., TAAFFE, D. R., GALVÃO, D. A., NEWTON, R. U., NONEMACHER, E. R., WENDT, V. M., BASSANESI, R. N., TURELLA, D. J. P., & RECH, A. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002984 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., & Moher, D.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Inserm (FR)
- Bond University (AU)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Page, Matthew J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 118
- Pages
- 60-68
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2988223630
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1088535, 1143429, 1154607)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- PRISMA, meta-analysis reporting, reporting items, item bank, guideline development, reporting quality, risk of bias assessment, meta-research, EQUATOR Network
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Publishing, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Guidelines as Topic, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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