Transport of drugs across the blood–brain barrier by nanoparticles.
Abstract
The central nervous system is well protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which maintains its homeostasis. Due to this barrier many potential drugs for the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) cannot reach the brain in sufficient concentrations. One possibility to deliver drugs to the CNS is the employment of polymeric nanoparticles. The ability of these carriers to overcome the BBB and to produce biologic effects on the CNS was shown in a number of studies. Over the past few years, progress in understanding of the mechanism of the nanoparticle uptake into the brain was made. This mechanism appears to be receptor-mediated endocytosis in brain capillary endothelial cells. Modification of the nanoparticle surface with covalently attached targeting ligands or by coating with certain surfactants enabling the adsorption of specific plasma proteins are necessary for this receptor-mediated uptake. The delivery of drugs, which usually are not able to cross the BBB, into the brain was confirmed by the biodistribution studies and pharmacological assays in rodents. Furthermore, the presence of nanoparticles in the brain parenchyma was visualized by electron microscopy. The intravenously administered biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin were successfully used for the treatment of experimental glioblastoma. These data, together with the possibility to employ nanoparticles for delivery of proteins and other macromolecules across the BBB, suggest that this technology holds great promise for non-invasive therapy of the CNS diseases.
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Cationic polymers like PEI or cell-penetrating peptides such as TAT peptide increase adsorptive-mediated transcytosis efficiency by improving nanoparticle uptake.
“For example, cationic polymers like polyethylenimine (PEI) or cell-penetrating peptides (e.g., TAT peptide) increase AMT efficiency by improving NP uptake [135].”
From Targeted Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier in Early and Late Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review (2026) · cites this paper as [135]
Uptake of nanocarriers along with drugs into the brain has been proposed to occur by six mechanisms.
“Though the uptake of nanocarriers along with drugs into the brain has been proposed to occur by following six mechanisms”
From Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach for Delivery of Neuroprotective Drugs (2020) · cites this paper as Wohlfart et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Wohlfart, S., Gelperina, S., & Kreuter, J.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Nanosystem (Russia) (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Kreuter, Jörg
- ORCID
- Gelperina, Svetlana
- Venue
- Journal of Controlled Release
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 264-273
- ISSN
- 0168-3659 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993760429
- Cited by
- 715
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Controlled Release (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, polymeric nanoparticles, brain drug delivery, receptor-mediated endocytosis, brain microvascular endothelial cells, nanoparticle surface modification, targeting ligands, surfactant coating, tissue distribution, doxorubicin, glioblastoma
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Drug Carriers, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Nanoparticles
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