The DOI matches its Crossref record; 300 of the 300 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 15 of the 169 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions
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Claims the paper makes
120 No full text of the sources · 15 Sources not found · 6 Couldn’t confirm · 6 No basis given · 4 Own interpretation · 3 Supported · 3 Partly supported · 2 Not supported · 2 Not checked yet · 1 Supported so far · 1 Own result · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“The results showed derived sorbents from the maple wood, maritime wood and pine and coconut shells (as ACs) mixed with SC (PICACTIF SUPERCAP) had the highest capacity for adsorption technology between all synthesized samples and considered zeolites (11 mol CO 2 .kg -1 adsorbent at 8 bar and 298 K).”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [64] 64. I. Durán, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Vacuum swing CO 2 adsorption cycles in Waste-to- Energy plants, Chem. Eng. J. 382 (2020), 122841. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (p. 2) says the adsorbent selected for this work was activated carbon prepared from pine sawdust, and the Conclusions (p. 26) describe VSA tests using that adsorbent. This contradicts the claim that the paper compared a mixture of maple, maritime wood, pine, coconut-shell and SC sorbents against synthesized samples and zeolites. Our copy also does not report the claimed 11 mol CO₂/kg at 8 bar and 298 K. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“The maximum CO 2 uptake reported 6.15 mmol.g -1 at 1 bar and 273 K.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [197] 197. A.A. Adelodun, J.C. Ngila, D.-G. Kim, Y.-M. Jo, Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of selective CO 2 adsorption on chemically modified carbon surfaces, Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 16 (12) (2016) 3312-3329. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Assessment of CO₂ Adsorption Capacity section (page unavailable) says pure-CO₂ uptake was measured at 298 K, not 273 K. Table 4 (page unavailable) lists differently named adsorbents and does not report a maximum uptake of 6.15 mmol/g for OTS. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Disputed
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Thus, they concluded the AC derived from coconut shell has a better potential to be employed in the PSA technology for biogas upgrading.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [176] 176. H. Bamdad, A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Biochar As an Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Gases (CO₂ and H₂S), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2019.Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1.2 (page unavailable) mentions coconut-shell activated carbon and lists its adsorption properties, but does not compare it with babassu-shell carbon or assess either for PSA biogas upgrading. Searches for “babassu” and “pressure swing adsorption coconut activated carbon methane biogas” found no passage supporting the attributed conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“The results proved that AC-SC sample had an excellent potential for large scale applications of CO 2 adsorption in a broad range of pressure up to 30 bar [64].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [64] 64. I. Durán, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Vacuum swing CO 2 adsorption cycles in Waste-to- Energy plants, Chem. Eng. J. 382 (2020), 122841. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (p. 2) describes a pine-sawdust activated carbon as suitable for CO2 capture from incineration flue gas, but does not identify it as AC-SC. The Design rationale (p. 4) describes treating gas at atmospheric pressure, and the Experimental work (p. 8) lists adsorption at 1 bar. Searches for AC-SC and 30 bar found no passage assessing the claimed sample over that pressure range. (LLM, conf=0.78)
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Performance of biomass/biochar adsorbents in bench- or pilot-scale cyclic adsorption tests is indicative of their performance at industrial scale.
- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“They employed a novel multi-bed heat-integrated VTSA process to separate 85 % of the CO 2 produced in a coal fired power plant.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [210] 210. M. Plaza, F. Rubiera, Development of carbon-based vacuum, temperature and concentration swing adsorption post-combustion CO 2 capture processes, Chem. Eng. J. 375 (2019), 122002. source
The Conclusions (p. 24) state that Plaza and Rubiera designed a novel multibed heat-integrated VTSA process to capture at least 85% of the CO2 emitted by a reference coal-fired power plant. The paper describes this as an evaluated, simulated process, which is consistent with the citing sentence’s description of the process they employed. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the results showed 43.5, 7.4, and 5.9 for CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 , and CH 4 /N 2 , respectively, at 1 bar and 298 K.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [197] 197. A.A. Adelodun, J.C. Ngila, D.-G. Kim, Y.-M. Jo, Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of selective CO 2 adsorption on chemically modified carbon surfaces, Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 16 (12) (2016) 3312-3329. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Assessment of CO2 Adsorption Capacity section describes tests at 298 K, including a CO2/N2 mixture, but gives none of the claimed selectivity values. Searches for the three values, OTS, and methane/CH4 found no passage in our copy reporting the claimed CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, or CH4/N2 results. Page numbers were not available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The VTSA process resulted satisfying energy consumption for CO 2 sequestration from a post-combustion power plant effluent in comparison with other post-combustion technologies such as solvent technology [210].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [210] 210. M. Plaza, F. Rubiera, Development of carbon-based vacuum, temperature and concentration swing adsorption post-combustion CO 2 capture processes, Chem. Eng. J. 375 (2019), 122002. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Assessment (pp. 20–21) reports lower heat duty for VTSA than for the benchmark solvent-absorption process, supporting a favorable comparison on that measure. But it also reports higher electricity consumption and a higher overall specific energy penalty for avoided CO₂. The Conclusions (p. 24) say that penalty becomes competitive with the advanced solvent only at a production pressure that reduces the capture rate to about 60%, so the claim omits important qualifications. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“However, despite the extensive investigation on finding novel sorbents for carbon capture and storage, few researches have devoted to address the unique challenges of CCS from natural gas-fired power plants [12].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 4. Future challenges
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [12] 12. R.L. Siegelman, P.J. Milner, E.J. Kim, S.C. Weston, J.R. Long, Challenges and opportunities for adsorption-based CO 2 capture from natural gas combined cycle emissions, Energy Environ. Sci. 12 (7) (2019) 2161-2173. source
The Introduction says porous solids have been studied extensively for carbon capture, but very few studies have investigated adsorptive capture from natural-gas flue emissions. It also describes the challenges of CCS from natural gas combined-cycle power plants as an underdeveloped research area. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
In the paper
“The maximum volumetric uptake capacity was 3.4 and 4.1 mmol.g -1 for pure CO 2 and flue gas study (20 % partial CO 2 pressure and 80 % partial N 2 pressure) at 25 ᵒC and 6 bar (for pure experiments) and 1.2 bar (for flue gas tests) respectively, through the PSA process.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [175] 175. T. Baylak, P. Kumar, C.H. Niu, A. Dalai, Ethanol dehydration in a fixed bed using canola meal, Energ Fuel 26 (8) (2012) 5226-5231. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Ghanbari et al. [164] evaluated the physical properties of bio-flax shives as well as investigated the water vapor adsorption capacity of these samples (about 0.9 g water/g adsorbent).”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [164] 164. N. Álvarez-Gutiérrez, S. García, M. Gil, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Towards bio- upgrading of biogas: biomass waste-based adsorbents, Energy Procedia 63 (2014) 6527-6533. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 51
- Probably not a substantial claim. 46
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“the large flexibility of PSA is the main advantage of this process, which may because of this reason, it has a broad applications in the various areas [21,50].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.3. Cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] 21. X. Zhu, S. Li, Y. Shi, N. Cai, Recent advances in elevated-temperature pressure swing adsorption for carbon capture and hydrogen production, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 75 (2019), 100784. source
- Supportedcites [50] 50. C.A. Grande, Advances in pressure swing adsorption for gas separation, Int. Sch. Res. Notices 2012 (2012). source
The Concluding Remarks state that PSA's large flexibility is its main advantage and may explain its applications in diverse fields. This directly supports the attributed claim, including its tentative explanation for the breadth of applications. (LLM, conf=0.95)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“the CO 2 adsorption capacity on the AC was around 3.1 mmol.g -1 at 20 ᵒC and 1.20 bar [196].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [196] 196. M. Plaza, C. Pevida, J. Pis, F. Rubiera, Evaluation of the cyclic capacity of low-cost carbon adsorbents for post-combustion CO 2 capture, Energy Procedia 4 (2011) 1228-1234. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Experimental section reports CO₂ adsorption measurements on activated carbons, but its isotherms were measured at 303 K (30°C), not 20°C. The paper does not report a capacity of approximately 3.1 mmol/g at 1.20 bar, so the claimed value and conditions are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Xu et al. reported that CO 2 and H 2 O had a little interaction on the adsorption process”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [196] 196. M. Plaza, C. Pevida, J. Pis, F. Rubiera, Evaluation of the cyclic capacity of low-cost carbon adsorbents for post-combustion CO 2 capture, Energy Procedia 4 (2011) 1228-1234. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Experimental section describes CO2 and N2 adsorption and uses CO2/N2 gas mixtures, but does not address H2O or its interaction with CO2 during adsorption. Searches for the claimed interaction and for Xu, H2O, water, and moisture found no passage supporting the attribution in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“The OTS samples illustrated excellent structural characteristics such as 2676 m 2 .g -1 of BET surface.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [197] 197. A.A. Adelodun, J.C. Ngila, D.-G. Kim, Y.-M. Jo, Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of selective CO 2 adsorption on chemically modified carbon surfaces, Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 16 (12) (2016) 3312-3329. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Textural Characteristics of Adsorbents section (Table 2; page unavailable) reports BET surface areas for G1, G2, and their modified samples. Searches for OTS and 2676 found no passage assigning that surface area to OTS samples; values for different samples do not contradict the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Zhang et al. concluded the VSA cycles are able to effectively separate CO 2 from the gas mixture using prepared adsorbents [197].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [197] 197. A.A. Adelodun, J.C. Ngila, D.-G. Kim, Y.-M. Jo, Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of selective CO 2 adsorption on chemically modified carbon surfaces, Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 16 (12) (2016) 3312-3329. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) mentions VSA as an alternative adsorption process, and the CO2 Adsorption section reports selective capture using modified carbons. But this paper is by Adelodun et al., not Zhang et al., and it does not conclude that VSA cycles effectively separate CO2 using the prepared adsorbents. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Peanut shells are one of the abundant and low-cost wastes, which can be broadly found in many countries as eco-friendly agricultural byproducts with an efficiency of 6 million tons in 2010 [219,220].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.1. Peanut shells waste
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [219] 219. S.A. Halim, N. Razali, N. Mohd, Experimental data on the properties of pelletization of palm kernel shell using sago starch and sodium acetate, Data Brief 33 (2020), 106535. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Data Description (page unavailable) discusses palm kernel shells and gives 2018 palm-oil production figures, not peanut shells. Searches for peanut shells and the claimed six-million-ton figure in 2010 found no passage in our copy addressing them. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [220] 220. M.J. Gan, W.S. Lim, H.X. Ng, M.H. Ong, S. Gan, L.Y. Lee, S. Thangalazhy- Gopakumar, Enhancement of palm kernel shell fuel properties via wet torrefaction: response surface, optimization, and combustion studies, Energ Fuel 33 (11) (2019) 11009-11020. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“In recent years, the power sector has shown a growing reliance on natural gas, which this rapid worldwide growth of natural gas consumption has contributed to enhanced CO 2 emissions from gas-fired power plants [12].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 4. Future challenges
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [12] 12. R.L. Siegelman, P.J. Milner, E.J. Kim, S.C. Weston, J.R. Long, Challenges and opportunities for adsorption-based CO 2 capture from natural gas combined cycle emissions, Energy Environ. Sci. 12 (7) (2019) 2161-2173. source
The Abstract (page not specified) states that the power sector has grown more reliant on natural gas and that rising consumption has increased CO2 emissions from gas-fired power plants. The Introduction also describes natural gas as the fastest-growing fossil fuel by worldwide consumption. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
In the paper
“In the dry conditions, the highest CO 2 uptake capacity was 2.4 mmol/g at 30 ᵒC and 120 kpa, while the highest loading capacity was 1.64 mmol/g at the same operating conditions and presence of moisture.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] 38. I. Durán, N. Álvarez-Gutiérrez, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Biogas purification by means of adsorption on pine sawdust-based activated carbon: impact of water vapor, Chem. Eng. J. 353 (2018) 197-207. source
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They also observed a stable performance of samples in the adsorption/desorption process through fifty cycles.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [189] 189. Y. Zhang, P. Zhang, W. Yu, J. Wang, Q. Deng, J. Yang, Z. Zeng, M. Xu, S. Deng, Facile and controllable preparation of ultramicroporous biomass-derived carbons and application on selective adsorption of gas-mixtures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57 (42) (2018) 14191-14201. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“They reported the adsorption capacity of raw kenaf around 0.624 mmol/g for CO 2 at 1 bar and 0 ᵒC, also 2.086 mmol/g for kenaf treated with TEPA.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [177] 177. R.K. Liew, W.L. Nam, M.Y. Chong, X.Y. Phang, M.H. Su, P.N.Y. Yek, N.L. Ma, C. K. Cheng, C.T. Chong, S.S. Lam, Oil palm waste: an abundant and promising feedstock for microwave pyrolysis conversion into good quality biochar with potential multi-applications, process Saf, Environ. 115 (2018) 57-69. source
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ghanbari and Niu reported a higher H 2 O adsorption capacity of considered samples than commercial adsorbents, which the maximum loading of water vapor on oat hulls was around 630 mg/g at 3 bar and 24 ᵒC, that proved the priority of oat hulls towards molecular sieves (about 230 mg/g), alumina (290 mg/g), and silica gel (420 mg/g).”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [189] 189. Y. Zhang, P. Zhang, W. Yu, J. Wang, Q. Deng, J. Yang, Z. Zeng, M. Xu, S. Deng, Facile and controllable preparation of ultramicroporous biomass-derived carbons and application on selective adsorption of gas-mixtures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57 (42) (2018) 14191-14201. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“activated carbon originated from the coconut shell showed a better selectivity than other one, by the selectivity of 4.2 and the working CO 2 adsorption capacity of 1 mmol/g at 1 bar and 20 ᵒC in comparison with selectivity of 0.90 at 1 bar and the loading capacity of 0.75 mmol/g at the same operating conditions for babassu sample.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [176] 176. H. Bamdad, A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Biochar As an Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Gases (CO₂ and H₂S), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2019.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They reported a sample which has been treated with H 2 SO 4 firstly, then activated at 800 • C has the highest uptake capacity between all prepared samples accompanied with adsorption capacity in the range of commercial carbon materials (2.6 mmol/g at 40 • C and 2.5 bar).”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [174] 174. Q. Huang, C.H. Niu, A.K. Dalai, Production of anhydrous biobutanol using a biosorbent developed from oat hulls, Chem. Eng. J. 356 (2019) 830-838. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as shown in Fig. S2, CO 2 and H 2 O are the most favorable gases for studied PSA processes.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“They reported the maximum loading capacity of water vapor around 0.48 g/g at 111 • C and 2.1 bar in 16 adsorption/desorption cycles.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [192] 192. J. Ling, P. Xiao, A. Ntiamoah, D. Xu, P. Webley, Y. Zhai, Strategies for CO 2 capture from different CO 2 emission sources by vacuum swing adsorption technology, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 24 (4) (2016) 460-467. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“They reported the maximum CH 4 adsorption in the PSA process around 0.247 mmol/g at 6 bar and 10 ᵒC.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [158] 158. G.M. Good, B.S. Greensfelder, Production of alpha olefins, US Patents, 1952. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“They concluded the temperature and water vapor concentration had the most significant impact on the adsorption process, also the maximum water vapor loading capacity reported 0.165 g/g at 130 ᵒC and 1.4 bar [190].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [190] 190. M.G. Plaza, Is. Durań, N. Querejeta, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Experimental and simulation study of adsorption in postcombustion conditions using a microporous biochar. 1. CO 2 and N 2 adsorption, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55 (11) (2016) 3097-3112.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The synthesized adsorbent showed a stable dehumidification result after 70 h of adsorption/desorption cycles.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [193] 193. J. Bonjour, J.-B. Chalfen, F. Meunier, Temperature swing adsorption process with indirect cooling and heating, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (23) (2002) 5802-5811. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the following, recent studies on derived activated carbon from AW for CO 2 capture are discussed, while they have not been evaluated for potential applications in the large/pilot scales by cyclic adsorption process.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2. Agricultural wastes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the literature, employing bio-based carbon samples in the VSA process for CO 2 capture is a novel topic, which requires more efforts, as well as, some necessities to improve the energy consumption for VSA developing.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 4. Future challenges
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Routinely, most of the reported studies in the literature evaluated the uptake capacity of prepared samples in the milligrams scale and ideal operating conditions, while for the industrial scale, data acquisition is highly imperative in the bench scale or pilot scale.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“generally, gas adsorption onto the porous carbons has a lower heat of adsorption than other sorbents [17], which nominates this adsorbent as an excellent candidate for cyclic adsorption processes [46].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.2. Adsorption technology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] 17. M. Karimi, J.A.C. Silva, C.Nd.P. Gonçalves, J.L. Diaz de Tuesta, A.E. Rodrigues, H. T. Gomes, CO 2 capture in chemically and thermally modified activated carbons using breakthrough measurements: experimental and modeling study, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57 (32) (2018) 11154-11166. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [46] 46. L. Espinal, D.L. Poster, W. Wong-Ng, A.J. Allen, M.L. Green, Measurement, standards, and data needs for CO 2 capture materials: a critical review, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (21) (2013) 11960-11975. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“activated carbons are hydrophobic materials, which is one of the key qualities of these samples in comparison with most of zeolites and MOFs to overcome the moisture effects in the gas purification studies [38,39,45].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.2. Adsorption technology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] 38. I. Durán, N. Álvarez-Gutiérrez, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Biogas purification by means of adsorption on pine sawdust-based activated carbon: impact of water vapor, Chem. Eng. J. 353 (2018) 197-207. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] 39. N. Querejeta, M.V. Gil, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida, Sustainable coffee-based CO2 adsorbents: toward a greener production via hydrothermal carbonization, Greenh. Gases Sci. Technol. 8 (2) (2018) 309-323. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] 45. V. Jiménez, A. Ramírez-Lucas, J.A. Díaz, P. Sánchez, A. Romero, CO 2 capture in different carbon materials, Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 (13) (2012) 7407-7414. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PSA process due to the simplicity as well as lower required energy is the most preferred one [52]”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.3. Cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [52] 52. M.T. Ho, G.W. Allinson, D.E. Wiley, Reducing the cost of CO 2 capture from flue gases using pressure swing adsorption, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47 (14) (2008) 4883-4890. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“employing biomass, biochar, etc., as a low-cost precursor for CO 2 adsorbent is promising not only in the view of hydrophobic character and abundant resources, but also is an illustrious strategy for solid wastes management as a consequence of the exponential population expansion.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Bio-based carbon materials including biomass, biochar and other residual wastes are abundant, low cost and sustainable carbon resources [67,68]”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.4. Solid wastes management
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [67] 67. A. Sanna, M. Dri, M.R. Hall, M. Maroto-Valer, Waste materials for carbon capture and storage by mineralisation (CCSM)-A UK perspective, Appl. Energy 99 (2012) 545-554. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [68] 68. Z. Usmani, M. Sharma, A.K. Awasthi, N. Sivakumar, T. Lukk, L. Pecoraro, V. K. Thakur, D. Roberts, J. Newbold, V.K. Gupta, Bioprocessing of waste biomass for sustainable product development and minimizing environmental impact, Bioresour. Technol. (2020), 124548. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“PSA technology has been introduced as an economically and environmentally friendly strategy to capture the pollutions from different industries [157,158].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [157] 157. B.W. George, Processes for making activated carbon, US Patents, 1951.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [158] 158. G.M. Good, B.S. Greensfelder, Production of alpha olefins, US Patents, 1952. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Alvarez-Gutierrez et al., concluded the olive and cherry stones have a great capacity for biogas upgrading in the industrial scale.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [172] 172. P. Billemont, B. Coasne, G. De Weireld, Adsorption of carbon dioxide, methane, and their mixtures in porous carbons: effect of surface chemistry, water content, and pore disorder, Langmuir 29 (10) (2013) 3328-3338. source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Performance of biomass/biochar adsorbents in bench- or pilot-scale cyclic adsorption tests is indicative of their performance at industrial scale.
In the paper
“the activated carbon is still one of the most popular and attractive adsorbents for such propose [64][65][66].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.3. Cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [64][65][66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Plaza et al. [187] eventually concluded the biochar originated from the olive stone is an effective adsorbent with a simple regeneration procedure to be employed in the PSA processes for pilot plant applications [188].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1.1. Developed PSA under humid operating conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [187] 187. R.T. Maruyama, K.N. Pai, S.G. Subraveti, A. Rajendran, Improving the performance of vacuum swing adsorption based CO 2 capture under reduced recovery requirements, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con. 93 (2020), 102902. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [188] 188. D. Xu, P. Xiao, J. Zhang, G. Li, G. Xiao, P.A. Webley, Y. Zhai, Effects of water vapour on CO 2 capture with vacuum swing adsorption using activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 230 (2013) 64-72. source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Performance of biomass/biochar adsorbents in bench- or pilot-scale cyclic adsorption tests is indicative of their performance at industrial scale.
In the paper
“ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 contribute to the higher yields compared to KOH, accompanied with less porosity, which the acidic factor of ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 are suitable for developing large pore structures [114].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 1.5. Carbon activation techniques
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [114] 114. R. Wang, P. Wang, X. Yan, J. Lang, C. Peng, Q. Xue, Promising porous carbon derived from celtuce leaves with outstanding supercapacitance and CO 2 capture performance, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (11) (2012) 5800-5806. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Convincing results of the VTSA process were obtained after four steps, which proved the suitability of developed unit for CO 2 adsorption using olive stones in the wet operating condition.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [188] 188. D. Xu, P. Xiao, J. Zhang, G. Li, G. Xiao, P.A. Webley, Y. Zhai, Effects of water vapour on CO 2 capture with vacuum swing adsorption using activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 230 (2013) 64-72. source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“they illustrated that modeling results have an acceptable agreement with experimental values in a wide range of temperature and CO 2 composition in the feed, which proved promising outcomes for VSA process.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [198] 198. N.A. Zubbri, A.R. Mohamed, N. Kamiuchi, M. Mohammadi, Enhancement of CO 2 adsorption on biochar sorbent modified by metal incorporation, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res (2020) 1-21. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“via the arrangement constituted of maximum 4 beds, CO 2 purity was enhanced from 8% to about 40 %; also recoveries were reported more than 95 %.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [65] 65. J. Zhang, P.A. Webley, Cycle development and design for CO2 capture from flue gas by vacuum swing adsorption, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2) (2008) 563-569. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Adsorption outcomes indicated the highest CO 2 and N 2 adsorption capacities around 3.1 and 0.55 mmol.g -1 at 1.2 bar and 0 ᵒC, respectively [198].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [198] 198. N.A. Zubbri, A.R. Mohamed, N. Kamiuchi, M. Mohammadi, Enhancement of CO 2 adsorption on biochar sorbent modified by metal incorporation, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res (2020) 1-21. source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the maximum CO 2 uptake after nine cycles was decreased only around 3%, which was an excellent cyclability.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [199] 199. C. Shen, Z. Liu, P. Li, J. Yu, Two-stage VPSA process for CO 2 capture from flue gas using activated carbon beads, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (13) (2012) 5011-5021. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They reported the prepared samples can easily capture CO 2 in the post-combustion operating conditions accompanied with promising desorption potential by rising the temperature up to 373 K.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.3. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [204] 204. M. Plaza, A. González, C. Pevida, F. Rubiera, Green coffee based CO 2 adsorbent with high performance in postcombustion conditions, Fuel 140 (2015) 633-648. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which resulted in 4.4 and 4.2 mmol.g -1 loading at 115 kpa and 273 K for olive stones and almond shells samples activated physically by CO 2 , respectively”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [211] 211. J. Ding, H. Wang, Z. Li, K. Cui, D. Karpuzov, X. Tan, A. Kohandehghan, D. Mitlin, Peanut shell hybrid sodium ion capacitor with extreme energy-power rivals lithium ion capacitors, Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (3) (2015) 941-955. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The highest CO 2 and N 2 uptakes were attributed to HTC grass cutting (physically activated carbon (PAC)), which was 4 mmol.g-1 and 0.51 mmol.g -1 for HTC horse manure (PAC) at 1 bar and 0 ᵒC, respectively.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [199] 199. C. Shen, Z. Liu, P. Li, J. Yu, Two-stage VPSA process for CO 2 capture from flue gas using activated carbon beads, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (13) (2012) 5011-5021. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Through this study, no reduction in CO 2 and H 2 O coadsorption was observed, in comparison with CO 2 adsorption in the dry feed, while higher CO 2 adsorption attributed to the slower adsorption kinetics of H 2 O.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [188] 188. D. Xu, P. Xiao, J. Zhang, G. Li, G. Xiao, P.A. Webley, Y. Zhai, Effects of water vapour on CO 2 capture with vacuum swing adsorption using activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 230 (2013) 64-72. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Finally, the stability of developed TSA unit obtained after four adsorption/desorption cycles with a reasonable performance [188].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.3. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [188] 188. D. Xu, P. Xiao, J. Zhang, G. Li, G. Xiao, P.A. Webley, Y. Zhai, Effects of water vapour on CO 2 capture with vacuum swing adsorption using activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 230 (2013) 64-72. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Also, the biomass samples were stable after 40 cycles and no sign of decomposition was reported [204].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.3. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [204] 204. M. Plaza, A. González, C. Pevida, F. Rubiera, Green coffee based CO 2 adsorbent with high performance in postcombustion conditions, Fuel 140 (2015) 633-648. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“cyclic adsorption process has been employed for CO 2 sequestration not only for less required energy, but also for high CO 2 purity and recovery as well as less destructive environmental effects [208,209].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [208] 208. D. Bahamon, A.E. Ogungbenro, M. Khaleel, M.R. Abu-Zahra, L.F. Vega, Performance of activated carbons derived from date seeds in CO 2 swing adsorption determined by combining experimental and molecular simulation data, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59 (15) (2020) 7161-7173. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [209] 209. C. Hou, Y. Wu, T. Wang, X. Wang, X. Gao, Preparation of quaternized bamboo cellulose and its implication in direct air capture of CO 2 , Energ Fuel 33 (3) (2018) 1745-1752. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“also, CO 2 is desorbed faster than H 2 O in the desorption step.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.3. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [188] 188. D. Xu, P. Xiao, J. Zhang, G. Li, G. Xiao, P.A. Webley, Y. Zhai, Effects of water vapour on CO 2 capture with vacuum swing adsorption using activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 230 (2013) 64-72. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Gonzalez et al. concluded the prepared samples have an excellent potential for carbon capture and sequestration due to the lower heat of adsorption during the regeneration process accompanied with acceptable loading capacity [151].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [151] 151. Y. Wang, T. Du, H. Jia, Z. Qiu, Y. Song, Synthesis, characterization and CO 2 adsorption of NaA, NaX and NaZSM-5 from rice husk ash, Solid State Sci. 86 (2018) 24-33. source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“They also reported that the water vapor is adsorbed in a similar way of carbon dioxide with no interaction between CO 2 and H 2 O adsorption through the multicomponent adsorption process.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.3. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [188] 188. D. Xu, P. Xiao, J. Zhang, G. Li, G. Xiao, P.A. Webley, Y. Zhai, Effects of water vapour on CO 2 capture with vacuum swing adsorption using activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 230 (2013) 64-72. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Derived activated carbons from coconut shells were employed to evaluate the adsorption equilibrium capacity of CO 2 , which was 7.15 mmol.g -1 at 10 bar and 30 ᵒC.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [215] 215. B. Matthäus, D. Guillaume, S. Gharby, A. Haddad, H. Harhar, Z. Charrouf, Effect of processing on the quality of edible argan oil, Food Chem. 120 (2) (2010) 426-432. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Li et al. [221] also concluded that peanut shells-originated adsorbents have a promising capacity for carbon capture studies.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.1. Peanut shells waste
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [221] 221. X.-L. Zhu, P.-Y. Wang, C. Peng, J. Yang, X.-B. Yan, Activated carbon produced from paulownia sawdust for high-performance CO 2 sorbents, Chin. Chem. Lett. 25 (6) (2014) 929-932. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“They reported that the VPSA requires more energy when the pressure of the ultimate product increases [215].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [215] 215. B. Matthäus, D. Guillaume, S. Gharby, A. Haddad, H. Harhar, Z. Charrouf, Effect of processing on the quality of edible argan oil, Food Chem. 120 (2) (2010) 426-432. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the configuration with co-current depressurization was able to produce a high-purity CO 2 product, while was not able to meet the 85 % of CO 2 recovery target in the operation range.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [218] 218. K. Zakaria, N. Sumri, K. Salleh, N. Balu, S. Cho, G. Han, I. Yang, Competitiveness of malaysian and indonesian palm oil export in the Balkans: a constant market share analysis, Oil Palm Ind. Econ. J. 18 (2) (2018) 18-26.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The characterization and adsorption tests approved that aminated samples showed narrower porosity, but higher volumetric capacities.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [211] 211. J. Ding, H. Wang, Z. Li, K. Cui, D. Karpuzov, X. Tan, A. Kohandehghan, D. Mitlin, Peanut shell hybrid sodium ion capacitor with extreme energy-power rivals lithium ion capacitors, Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (3) (2015) 941-955. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Through the VTSA process, the recovery factor of CO 2 was 84 % and the productivity was 2.9 mol.kg -1 .h -1 .”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [212] 212. D. Li, Y. Tian, L. Li, J. Li, H. Zhang, Production of highly microporous carbons with large CO 2 uptakes at atmospheric pressure by KOH activation of peanut shell char, J. Porous Mater. 22 (6) (2015) 1581-1588. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which at the maximum capacity, adsorbed 3.8 mmol CO 2 .g -1 at 1.2 bar and 0 ᵒC.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [212] 212. D. Li, Y. Tian, L. Li, J. Li, H. Zhang, Production of highly microporous carbons with large CO 2 uptakes at atmospheric pressure by KOH activation of peanut shell char, J. Porous Mater. 22 (6) (2015) 1581-1588. source
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Finally, they proposed date seeds-ACs employment in the VPSA process for CO 2 sequestration due to the hydrophobicity character of ACs as well as satisfying the energy performance of developed unit in the wet operating condition.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [216] 216. M. Dahbi, M. Kiso, K. Kubota, T. Horiba, T. Chafik, K. Hida, T. Matsuyama, S. Komaba, Synthesis of hard carbon from argan shells for Na-ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain. 5 (20) (2017) 9917-9928. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“they observed that the water vapor does not have any significant impact on adsorption results, but affects the energy needed for the cyclic adsorption processes.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [216] 216. M. Dahbi, M. Kiso, K. Kubota, T. Horiba, T. Chafik, K. Hida, T. Matsuyama, S. Komaba, Synthesis of hard carbon from argan shells for Na-ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain. 5 (20) (2017) 9917-9928. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the highest CO 2 capacity was 2.54 mmol.g -1 at 296 K and 1 bar in the dry condition [214].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [214] 214. D.-S. Kim, Activated carbon from peach stones using phosphoric acid activation at medium temperatures, J. Environ. Sci. Heal. A 39 (5) (2004) 1301-1318. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Derived carbon samples from the peanut shells upon activated with chemical agent, generally show a high pore volume and specific surface volume, which nominate them as an excellent candidate for gas capture and sequestration [221,222].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.1. Peanut shells waste
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [221] 221. X.-L. Zhu, P.-Y. Wang, C. Peng, J. Yang, X.-B. Yan, Activated carbon produced from paulownia sawdust for high-performance CO 2 sorbents, Chin. Chem. Lett. 25 (6) (2014) 929-932. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [222] 222. N.P. Wickramaratne, M. Jaroniec, Importance of small micropores in CO 2 capture by phenolic resin-based activated carbon spheres, J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (1) (2013) 112-116. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this case, aminated almond shells represented higher volumetric CO 2 adsorption capacity (than aminated olive stones), selectivity, and admissible adsorption kinetics.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [211] 211. J. Ding, H. Wang, Z. Li, K. Cui, D. Karpuzov, X. Tan, A. Kohandehghan, D. Mitlin, Peanut shell hybrid sodium ion capacitor with extreme energy-power rivals lithium ion capacitors, Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (3) (2015) 941-955. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The cyclic process was designed to separate 85 % of the emitted CO 2 and obtain a product stream with 95 % of CO 2 in a dry stream.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.4. Mixed cyclic adsorption processes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [218] 218. K. Zakaria, N. Sumri, K. Salleh, N. Balu, S. Cho, G. Han, I. Yang, Competitiveness of malaysian and indonesian palm oil export in the Balkans: a constant market share analysis, Oil Palm Ind. Econ. J. 18 (2) (2018) 18-26.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Yorgun and Yildiz reported that 400 ᵒC is the most effective final carbonization temperature, also the impregnation ratio of 4 was achieved as optimal impregnation ratio.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.4. Paulownia
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [73] 73. A. Heidari, H. Younesi, A. Rashidi, A. Ghoreyshi, Adsorptive removal of CO2 on highly microporous activated carbons prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood: effect of chemical activation, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 45 (2) (2014) 579-588. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They reported the PKS activated carbon as an interesting and sustainable adsorbent for gas adsorption purposes [75].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.3. Palm kernel shells
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [75] 75. S.-J. Son, J.-S. Choi, K.-Y. Choo, S.-D. Song, S. Vijayalakshmi, T.-H. Kim, Development of carbon dioxide adsorbents using carbon materials prepared from coconut shell, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 22 (2) (2005) 291-297. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Also it was reported that the sample activated chemically by KOH afterwards through a physical activation at 800 ᵒC for 1 h had the highest S BET with 1806 m 2 .g -1 and total pore volume of 0.87 cm 3 .g -1 , which showed a textural properties in the range of commercial carbon materials [274].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.4. Corn cobs
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [274] 274. S. He, Y. Hu, T. Hu, A. Ma, Q. Jia, H. Su, S. Shan, Investigation of CaO-based sorbents derived from eggshells and red mud for CO 2 capture, J. Alloys. Compd. 701 (2017) 828-833. source
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Zhang et al. [260] also reported that pre-deashing of the raw rice husk can significantly improve the nitrogen-enriched biochar (N-Char).”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [260] 260. R.I.L. Ázar, T. Morgan, M.H. Barbosa, V.M. Guimarães, E. Ximenes, M. Ladisch, Impact of protein blocking on enzymatic saccharification of bagasse from sugarcane clones, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 116 (7) (2019) 1584-1593. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Their observations showed the adsorption capacity varied in order of CeO 2 (5%)/NaZSM-5 > CeO 2 (3%)/NaZSM-5 > CeO 2 (7%)/NaZSM-5 > CeO 2 (11 %)/NaZSM-5.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [257] 257. S. Al Arni, Extraction and isolation methods for lignin separation from sugarcane bagasse: a review, Ind, Crops Prod. 115 (2018) 330-339. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to textural properties, the sample prepared with KOH/precursor = 4 represented the larger pore size and the surface area; however, the sample prepared with KOH/precursor = 2 showed higher CO 2 capacity.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.8. Residual wooden wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [242] 242. A. Basta, V. Fierro, H. El-Saied, A. Celzard, 2-Steps KOH activation of rice straw: an efficient method for preparing high-performance activated carbons, Bioresour. Technol. 100 (17) (2009) 3941-3947. source
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They reported 1024 m 2 .g -1 as the S BET for the prepared samples with a structure-directing template of mesoporous MCM-48 (mesoporous silica compounds).”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [252] 252. A. Kumar, V. Kumar, B. Singh, Cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of sugarcane bagasse: potential, challenges and future perspective, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 169 (2021) 564-582.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Witoon reported [256] that at PET content<20 wt%, the adsorption process was controlled thermodynamically, while in the higher PEI content (30 wt%), the CO 2 adsorption was controlled by the kinetic of process.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [256] 256. S. Yao, S. Nie, Y. Yuan, S. Wang, C. Qin, Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder, Bioresour. Technol. 185 (2015) 21-27. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They observed a very fast kinetic of CO 2 adsorption with maximum loading of 0.069 mmol.g -1 at 323 K and atmospheric pressure.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [252] 252. A. Kumar, V. Kumar, B. Singh, Cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of sugarcane bagasse: potential, challenges and future perspective, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 169 (2021) 564-582.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Finally, they estimated that AC production from the populus wood biomass in the industrial scale requires about 25 $ per kg investment.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.6. Populus
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [239] 239. J. Rantes, K. Kalo, R. Pakoasongi, Baseline Study for the National Green Export Review for VANUATU, 2014.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“the activated carbons obtained through KOH activation showed the largest surface area (2594 m 2 .g -1 ) and the maximum micropore content (98 %)”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.7. Eucalyptus camaldulensis
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [74] 74. N.S. Nasri, U.D. Hamza, S.N. Ismail, M.M. Ahmed, R. Mohsin, Assessment of porous carbons derived from sustainable palm solid waste for carbon dioxide capture, J. Clean. Prod. 71 (2014) 148-157. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Finally, Witoon concluded that PEI-loaded bimodal porous silica materials are economical, eco-friendly, and high-efficient for carbon capture.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [256] 256. S. Yao, S. Nie, Y. Yuan, S. Wang, C. Qin, Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder, Bioresour. Technol. 185 (2015) 21-27. source
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They reported the maximum CO 2 uptake around 6.92 mmol.g -1 at 680 ᵒC and atmospheric pressure for CRHA--Li 4 SiO 4 .”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.2. Rice wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [258] 258. S.C. Rabelo, A.C. da Costa, C.E.V. Rossel, Industrial waste recovery, in: F. Santos, a. Borém, in: C. Caldas (Ed.), Sugarcane, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 365-381. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The highest reported BET surface area and total pore volume were 2806 m 2 .g -1 and 1.746 cm 3 .g -1 , respectively [73].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.4. Paulownia
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [73] 73. A. Heidari, H. Younesi, A. Rashidi, A. Ghoreyshi, Adsorptive removal of CO2 on highly microporous activated carbons prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood: effect of chemical activation, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 45 (2) (2014) 579-588. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Accordingly, 700 ᵒC was opted as the optimal temperature of calcination, in which, AC with 1104 m 2 .g -1 of BET surface area was developed.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.5. Tobacco wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [278] 278. B. Daryayehsalameh, M. Nabavi, B. Vaferi, Modeling of CO 2 capture ability of [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid using connectionist smart paradigms, Environ. Technol. Innov. 22 (2021), 101484. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a similar way of [277], H 3 PO 4 was employed as the activating agent of prepared sample that showed more effective impact on the adsorbent pore size [277].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.5. Tobacco wastes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [277] 277. D. Iranshahi, S. Amiri, M. Karimi, R. Rafiei, M. Jafari, M.R. Rahimpour, Modeling and simulation of a novel membrane reactor in a continuous catalytic regenerative naphtha reformer accompanied with a detailed description of kinetics, Energ Fuel 27 (7) (2013) 4048-4070.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They declared that increasing pyrolysis temperature enhances the weight loss and decreases the yield of char.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.5. Tobacco wastes
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [277] 277. D. Iranshahi, S. Amiri, M. Karimi, R. Rafiei, M. Jafari, M.R. Rahimpour, Modeling and simulation of a novel membrane reactor in a continuous catalytic regenerative naphtha reformer accompanied with a detailed description of kinetics, Energ Fuel 27 (7) (2013) 4048-4070.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They illustrated activated carbons prepared by KOH have a higher adsorption capacity for carbon capture (which the maximum CO 2 loading capacity was 4.9 mmol.g -1 at 298 K and 1 bar), while physically activated samples showed a higher selectivity.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.1. Coffee ground
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [118] 118. S. Shahkarami, R. Azargohar, A.K. Dalai, J. Soltan, Breakthrough CO 2 adsorption in bio-based activated carbons, J. Environ. Sci. 34 (2015) 68-76. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They concluded that a pre-treatment process is an effective method to prepare a valuable adsorbent from abundant and economical tobacco waste.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.5. Tobacco wastes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [278] 278. B. Daryayehsalameh, M. Nabavi, B. Vaferi, Modeling of CO 2 capture ability of [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid using connectionist smart paradigms, Environ. Technol. Innov. 22 (2021), 101484. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The represented results showed physically and chemically activations significantly increase the textural properties of biomass samples including porosity, surface active sites and BET surface area, which results in activated carbons with uptake capacity in the range of commercial adsorbents.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To this end, raw sample was activated by steam at 850 ᵒC, which led to an adsorbent with higher surface area of 1075 m 2 .g -1 .”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.3. Other biomass
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [300] 300. Z. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Chen, Q. Xia, Z. Li, Adsorption of CO 2 on zeolite 13X and activated carbon with higher surface area, Sep. Sci. Technol. 45 (5) (2010) 710-719. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, the evaluation of developed cyclic adsorption processes for CO 2 capture as well as the low capital investment for synthesis of these sorbents nominate the derived activated carbon from sustainable sources as an attractive candidate for large scale applications.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“around 70 mg.g-1 (at 25 ᵒC and 1 atm) in which the adsorption capacity was in order of MCM-48/TREN > MCM-41/TREN > SBA-15/TREN.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bhagiyalakshmi et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They concluded that all studied parameters had significant impact on the microporosity of the synthesized CO 2 adsorbents.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.3. Other biomass
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [291] 291. M.M. Maroto-Valer, Z. Lu, Y. Zhang, Z. Tang, Sorbents for CO 2 capture from high carbon fly ashes, Waste Manage. 28 (11) (2008) 2320-2328. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“They developed a rigid pellet of PVC/FA/sorbet network, which the most efficient combination of the pellet components adsorbed 1.33 mmol CO 2 .g -1 at 55 ᵒC (20 %wt of FA; PVC with molecular weight of 62,000 g.mol -1 ), also it was accessible to enhance the maximum CO 2 loading to 1.87 mmol.g -1 by PVC 62 replacement with PVC 43 at the same temperature.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.3. Other biomass
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [301] 301. F. Gao, Y. Li, Z. Bian, J. Hu, H. Liu, Dynamic hydrophobic hindrance effect of zeolite@ zeolitic imidazolate framework composites for CO 2 capture in the presence of water, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain. 3 (15) (2015) 8091-8097. source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“They observed that amines solution had a significant impact on CO 2 capture in the structure of microporous CO 2 adsorbents, unlike the pyridinic-N, pyridonic/pyrrolic-N and quaternary-N.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.3. Other biomass
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [292] 292. W.C. Wilfong, M.L. Gray, B.W. Kail, B.H. Howard, Pelletization of immobilized amine carbon dioxide sorbents with fly ash and poly (vinyl chloride), Energy Technol. 4 (5) (2016) 610-619. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Afterwards, they indicated some features including CO 2 /N 2 selectivity, high stability, and ease of adsorbent regeneration, which made Agaricus-based sorbents more interesting in carbon capture processes.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.2.7. Agaricus
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [285] 285. Z. Zhang, K. Wang, J.D. Atkinson, X. Yan, X. Li, M.J. Rood, Z. Yan, Sustainable and hierarchical porous Enteromorpha prolifera based carbon for CO 2 capture, J. Hazard. Mater. 229 (2012) 183-191. source
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They found that the maximum CO 2 uptake was 3.75 μmol.g -1 at 30 ᵒC, 1 atm, and 10 wt% moisture contents.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.3. Other biomass
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [302] 302. V.M. Georgieva, E.L. Bruce, M.C. Verbraeken, A.R. Scott, W.J. Casteel Jr., S. Brandani, P.A. Wright, Triggered gate opening and breathing effects during selective CO 2 adsorption by merlinoite zeolite, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 (32) (2019) 12744-12759. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Performance of biomass/biochar adsorbents in bench- or pilot-scale cyclic adsorption tests is indicative of their performance at industrial scale.
“The results proved that AC-SC sample had an excellent potential for large scale applications of CO 2 adsorption in a broad range of pressure up to 30 bar [64].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
“selectivity of 0.90 at 1 bar and the loading capacity of 0.75 mmol/g at the same operating conditions for babassu sample”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
“| AC | Coconut shell babassu coconut | CO 2 & CH 4 CO 2 & CH 4 | 1 1 | 20 20 | Physical Physical | Gravimetric Gravimetric | PSA | 1 mmol CO 2 /g 0.75 mmol CO 2 /g | CO 2 /CH 4 4.2 @ 1 bar CO 2 /CH 4 4.2 @ 1 bar | [176] | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.1. Peanut shells waste
“P-973-1.00 (peanut shell activated in 973 K with KOH/carbon mass ratio of 1.25)”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 3.1.1. Peanut shells waste
“S-973-1.25 (sunflower seed activated in 973 K with KOH/carbon mass ratio of 1.25)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
“the CO 2 adsorption capacity on the AC was around 3.1 mmol.g -1 at 20 ᵒC and 1.20 bar [196].”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
“| AC | Coconut shell | CO 2 , H 2 O & N 2 0-1 | 25-60 | - | | Breakthrough | VSA | 3.5 mmol CO 2 /g (at 120 kpa & 20 ᵒC) | CO 2 /N 2 8.75 @ 1.2 bar & 20 ᵒC | [196] | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.1. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
“The measured surface areas for synthesized samples were 1452 and 809 m 2 /g (respectively for babassu and coconut shell)”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 5. Conclusion
“| Coconut shell | 1452 | N/A* | [176] | | Babassu coconut | 809 | N/A | [176] |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > 2.2. Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
“According to the literature, one of the first developed VSA units using bio-originated adsorbent was developed by Xu et al. [196] in 2013.”
§ Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO 2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions > References
“196. M. Plaza, C. Pevida, J. Pis, F. Rubiera, Evaluation of the cyclic capacity of low-cost carbon adsorbents for post-combustion CO 2 capture, Energy Procedia 4 (2011) 1228-1234.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Karimi, M., Shirzad, M., Silva, J. A. C., & Rodrigues, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- University of Tehran (IR)
- Universidade Politécnica de Bragança (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Karimi, Mohsen
- Rodrigues, Alírio E.
- Venue
- Journal of CO2 Utilization
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 57
- Pages
- 101890
- ISSN
- 2212-9820 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205173149
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 298
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 20
- FWCI
- 17.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of CO2 Utilization (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/140550/2018, UID/AGR/00690/2020)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- biomass-derived biochar, CO2 capture, CO2 sequestration, cyclic adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, vacuum swing adsorption, carbon adsorbents, carbon activation, solid waste management, greenhouse gas emissions reduction
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