Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,042

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

NAFLD: A multisystem disease

Open access
Byrne, Christopher D., Targher, Giovanni·2015·Journal of Hepatology
DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries that is predicted to become also the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Over the last decade, it has been shown that the clinical burden of NAFLD is not only confined to liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there is now growing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting extra-hepatic organs and regulatory pathways. For example, NAFLD increases risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular (CVD) and cardiac diseases, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the primary liver pathology in NAFLD affects hepatic structure and function to cause morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, the majority of deaths among NAFLD patients are attributable to CVD. This narrative review focuses on the rapidly expanding body of clinical evidence that supports the concept of NAFLD as a multisystem disease. The review discusses the factors involved in the progression of liver disease in NAFLD and the factors linking NAFLD with other extra-hepatic chronic diseases, such as T2DM, CVD, cardiac diseases and CKD. The review will not discuss NAFLD treatments as these are discussed elsewhere in this issue of the Journal. For this review, PubMed was searched for articles using the keywords "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" or "fatty liver" combined with "diabetes", "cardiovascular (or cardiac) disease", "cardiovascular mortality" or "chronic kidney disease" between 1990 and 2014. Articles published in languages other than English were excluded.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 17 references

Research works printed but not linked: 130

  1. Armstrong, 2014, Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, 59, 1174, 10.1002/hep.26717 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Masuoka, 2013, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging threat to obese and diabetic individuals, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1281, 106, 10.1111/nyas.12016 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Tsuneto, 2010, Fatty liver incidence and predictive variables, Hypertens Res, 33, 638, 10.1038/hr.2010.45 · DOI
  4. Browning, 2004, Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity, Hepatology, 40, 1387, 10.1002/hep.20466 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Blachier, 2013, The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data, J Hepatol, 58, 593, 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.005 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Musso, 2011, Meta-analysis: natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity, Ann Med, 43, 617, 10.3109/07853890.2010.518623 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Musso, 2014, Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, PLoS Med, 11, e1001680, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001680 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Musso, 2013, Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with the presence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes Rev, 14, 417, 10.1111/obr.12020 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Lee, 2014, Radiologic evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 7392, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7392 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Holt, 2006, Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations are independently associated with hepatic steatosis in obese subjects, Diabetologia, 49, 141, 10.1007/s00125-005-0070-x · DOI
  11. Sumida, 2014, Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 475, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.475 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Hernaez, 2011, Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultrasonography for the detection of fatty liver: a meta-analysis, Hepatology, 54, 1082, 10.1002/hep.24452 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Reeder, 2011, Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, J Magn Reson Imaging, 34, 729, 10.1002/jmri.22580 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Szczepaniak, 2005, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 288, E462, 10.1152/ajpendo.00064.2004 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Kleiner, 2005, Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, 41, 1313, 10.1002/hep.20701 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Whalley, 2007, Hepatology outpatient service provision in secondary care: a study of liver disease incidence and resource costs, Clin Med, 7, 119, 10.7861/clinmedicine.7-2-119 · DOI
  17. Romeo, 2008, Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Nat Genet, 40, 1461, 10.1038/ng.257 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Anstee, 2013, Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 330, 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.41 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Hyysalo, 2013, A population-based study on the prevalence of NASH using scores validated against liver histology, J Hepatol, 60, 839, 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.009 · DOI
  20. Hyysalo, 2014, Circulating triacylglycerol signatures in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with the I148M variant in PNPLA3 and with obesity, Diabetes, 63, 312, 10.2337/db13-0774 · DOI
  21. Mashek, 2014, Serum TAG analysis differentiates between genetic and obesity-associated NAFLD, Diabetes, 63, 42, 10.2337/db13-1500 · DOI
  22. Yoon, 2014, Hepatic fibrosis: prospective comparison of MR elastography and US shear wave elastography for evaluation, Radiology, 7, 132000
  23. Ekstedt, 2006, Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes, Hepatology, 44, 865, 10.1002/hep.21327 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Charlton, 2011, Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States, Gastroenterology, 141, 1249, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.061 · DOI · Paper page
  25. de Marco, 1999, Cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes. The Verona Diabetes Study, Diabetes Care, 22, 756, 10.2337/diacare.22.5.756 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Ladep, 2014, Incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in England and Wales: changing patterns and ethnic variations, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 1544, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1544 · DOI
  27. Konfortion, 2014, Time and deprivation trends in incidence of primary liver cancer subtypes in England, J Eval Clin Pract, 20, 498, 10.1111/jep.12188 · doi:10.1111/jep.12188
  28. Ertle, 2011, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of apparent cirrhosis, Int J Cancer, 128, 2436, 10.1002/ijc.25797 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Stickel, 2010, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and implications, Gut, 59, 1303, 10.1136/gut.2009.199661 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Starley, 2010, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: a weighty connection, Hepatology, 51, 1820, 10.1002/hep.23594 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Michelotti, 2013, NAFLD, NASH and liver cancer, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 656, 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.183 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Lee, 2014, Cellular and molecular players in adipose tissue inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1842, 446, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.017 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Beutler, 2009, TLRs and innate immunity, Blood, 113, 1399, 10.1182/blood-2008-07-019307 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Campbell, 2012, Diabetes and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of one million U.S. adults, Diabetes Care, 35, 1835, 10.2337/dc12-0002 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Zoppini, 2014, Mortality from chronic liver diseases in diabetes, Am J Gastroenterol, 109, 1020, 10.1038/ajg.2014.132 · DOI
  36. Maximos, 2014, The role of liver fat and insulin resistance as determinants of plasma aminotransferase elevation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, 61, 153, 10.1002/hep.27395 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Balkau, 2010, Nine-year incident diabetes is predicted by fatty liver indices: the French D.E.S.I.R. study, BMC Gastroenterol, 10, 56, 10.1186/1471-230X-10-56 · DOI
  38. Lee, 2004, Is serum gamma glutamyltransferase a marker of oxidative stress?, Free Radic Res, 38, 535, 10.1080/10715760410001694026 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Yamada, 2010, Fatty liver predicts impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese undergoing a health checkup, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 25, 352, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05998.x · DOI
  40. Sung, 2012, Combined influence of insulin resistance, overweight/obesity, and fatty liver as risk factors for type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 35, 717, 10.2337/dc11-1853 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Shibata, 2007, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men, Diabetes Care, 30, 2940, 10.2337/dc07-0792 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Okamoto, 2003, The association of fatty liver and diabetes risk, J Epidemiol, 13, 15, 10.2188/jea.13.15 · DOI
  43. Kim, 2008, Fatty liver is an independent risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes in Korean adults, Diabet Med, 25, 476, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02410.x · DOI
  44. Fan, 2007, Effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of metabolic disorders, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 22, 1086, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04781.x · DOI
  45. Bae, 2011, Combined effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired fasting glucose on the development of type 2 diabetes: a 4-year retrospective longitudinal study, Diabetes Care, 34, 727, 10.2337/dc10-1991 · DOI
  46. Park, 2012, The clinical availability of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as an early predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in korean men: 5-years’ prospective cohort study, Hepatology, 57, 1378, 10.1002/hep.26183 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Kasturiratne, 2013, Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of diabetes mellitus, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 28, 142, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07264.x · DOI
  48. Chang, 2013, Cohort study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD fibrosis score, and the risk of incident diabetes in a Korean population, Am J Gastroenterol, 108, 1861, 10.1038/ajg.2013.349 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Sung, 2013, Resolution of fatty liver and risk of incident diabetes, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 98, 3637, 10.1210/jc.2013-1519 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Morling, 2014, Using non-invasive biomarkers to identify hepatic fibrosis in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study, J Hepatol, 60, 384, 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.017 · DOI
  51. Byrne, 2013, Ectopic fat, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Proc Nutr Soc, 72, 412, 10.1017/S0029665113001249 · DOI
  52. Kantartzis, 2010, The impact of liver fat vs. visceral fat in determining categories of prediabetes, Diabetologia, 53, 882, 10.1007/s00125-010-1663-6 · DOI
  53. Byrne, 2012, Dorothy Hodgkin Lecture 2012: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and ectopic fat: a new problem in diabetes management, Diabet Med, 29, 1098, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03732.x · DOI
  54. Mehal, 2013, The Gordian Knot of dysbiosis, obesity and NAFLD, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 637, 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.146 · DOI
  55. Jornayvaz, 2012, Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase Cepsilon and hepatic insulin resistance, Cell Metab, 15, 574, 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.005 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Yamaguchi, 2007, Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology, 45, 1366, 10.1002/hep.21655 · DOI · Paper page
  57. Leroux, 2012, Toxic lipids stored by Kupffer cells correlates with their pro-inflammatory phenotype at an early stage of steatohepatitis, J Hepatol, 57, 141, 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.028 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Perry, 2014, The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, Nature, 510, 84, 10.1038/nature13478 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Watt, 2012, Regulation of plasma ceramide levels with fatty acid oversupply: evidence that the liver detects and secretes de novo synthesised ceramide, Diabetologia, 55, 2741, 10.1007/s00125-012-2649-3 · DOI
  60. Yang, 2009, Central role of ceramide biosynthesis in body weight regulation, energy metabolism, and the metabolic syndrome, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 297, E211, 10.1152/ajpendo.91014.2008 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Kolesnick, 1998, Regulation of ceramide production and apoptosis, Annu Rev Physiol, 60, 643, 10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.643 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Cantley, 2013, CGI-58 knockdown sequesters diacylglycerols in lipid droplets/ER-preventing diacylglycerol-mediated hepatic insulin resistance, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, 1869, 10.1073/pnas.1219456110 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Hotamisligil, 2010, Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease, Cell, 140, 900, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Tilg, 2008, Insulin resistance, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Trends Endocrinol Metab, 19, 371, 10.1016/j.tem.2008.08.005 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Targher, 2013, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a novel cardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes and its complications, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 98, 483, 10.1210/jc.2012-3093 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Ix, 2010, Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK, J Am Soc Nephrol, 21, 406, 10.1681/ASN.2009080820 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Bhatia, 2012, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a new and important cardiovascular risk factor?, Eur Heart J, 33, 1190, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr453 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Oni, 2013, A systematic review: burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care?, Atherosclerosis, 230, 258, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052 · DOI · Paper page
  69. Moon, 2014, Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid artery inflammation evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, Angiology
  70. Ballestri, 2014, Risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 1724, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1724 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Stepanova, 2012, Independent association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease in the US population, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 646, 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.12.039 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Targher, 2007, Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes Care, 30, 1212, 10.2337/dc06-2247 · DOI · Paper page
  73. Wong, 2011, Coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Gut, 60, 1721, 10.1136/gut.2011.242016 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Mirbagheri, 2007, Liver: an alarm for the heart?, Liver Int, 27, 891, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01531.x · DOI
  75. Arslan, 2007, Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease, Coron Artery Dis, 18, 433, 10.1097/MCA.0b013e3282583c0d · DOI
  76. Zhou, 2012, Natural course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in southern China: a prospective cohort study, J Dig Dis, 13, 153, 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00571.x · DOI
  77. Treeprasertsuk, 2012, The Framingham risk score and heart disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Liver Int, 32, 945, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02753.x · DOI
  78. Targher, 2007, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes Care, 30, 2119, 10.2337/dc07-0349 · DOI · Paper page
  79. Soderberg, 2010, Decreased survival of subjects with elevated liver function tests during a 28-year follow-up, Hepatology, 51, 595, 10.1002/hep.23314 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Rafiq, 2009, Long-term follow-up of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7, 234, 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.11.005 · DOI · Paper page
  81. Lazo, 2011, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study, BMJ, 343, d6891, 10.1136/bmj.d6891 · DOI · Paper page
  82. Jepsen, 2003, Prognosis of patients with a diagnosis of fatty liver–a registry-based cohort study, Hepatogastroenterology, 50, 2101
  83. Haring, 2009, Ultrasonographic hepatic steatosis increases prediction of mortality risk from elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels, Hepatology, 50, 1403, 10.1002/hep.23135 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Hamaguchi, 2007, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a novel predictor of cardiovascular disease, World J Gastroenterol, 13, 1579, 10.3748/wjg.v13.i10.1579 · DOI · Paper page
  85. Dunn, 2013, Hepatic steatosis in diabetic patients does not predict adverse liver-related or cardiovascular outcomes, Liver Int, 33, 1575, 10.1111/liv.12285 · DOI
  86. Dam-Larsen, 2004, Long term prognosis of fatty liver: risk of chronic liver disease and death, Gut, 53, 750, 10.1136/gut.2003.019984 · DOI · Paper page
  87. Perseghin, 2008, Increased mediastinal fat and impaired left ventricular energy metabolism in young men with newly found fatty liver, Hepatology, 47, 51, 10.1002/hep.21983 · DOI
  88. Lautamaki, 2006, Liver steatosis coexists with myocardial insulin resistance and coronary dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 291, E282, 10.1152/ajpendo.00604.2005 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Rijzewijk, 2010, Effects of hepatic triglyceride content on myocardial metabolism in type 2 diabetes, J Am Coll Cardiol, 56, 225, 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.049 · DOI
  90. Hallsworth, 2013, Cardiac structure and function are altered in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, J Hepatol, 58, 757, 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.015 · DOI
  91. Bonapace, 2012, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 35, 389, 10.2337/dc11-1820 · DOI · Paper page
  92. Kim, 2014, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and subclinical cardiovascular changes in the general population, Heart, 100, 938, 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305099 · DOI
  93. Alp, 2013, Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents, Can J Cardiol, 29, 1118, 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.846 · DOI
  94. Singh, 2013, Alterations in ventricular structure and function in obese adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, J Pediatr, 162, 1160, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.024 · DOI
  95. Sert, 2013, Left ventricular function by echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and carotid intima-media thickness in obese adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Am J Cardiol, 112, 436, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.03.056 · DOI
  96. Fintini, 2014, Early left ventricular abnormality/dysfunction in obese children affected by NAFLD, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 24, 72, 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.06.005 · DOI
  97. Pacifico, 2014, Left ventricular dysfunction in obese children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, 59, 461, 10.1002/hep.26610 · DOI
  98. Dhingra, 2010, Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and risk of heart failure in the community, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 30, 1855, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207340 · DOI
  99. Wannamethee, 2012, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, hepatic enzymes, and risk of incident heart failure in older men, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 32, 830, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.240457 · DOI
  100. Sinner, 2013, Relation of circulating liver transaminase concentrations to risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 111, 219, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.09.021 · DOI
  101. Alonso, 2014, Circulating levels of liver enzymes and incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort, Heart, 100, 1151, 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305756 · DOI
  102. Targher, 2013, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, Clin Sci (Lond), 125, 301, 10.1042/CS20130036 · DOI
  103. Targher, 2013, Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes, PLoS One, 8, e57183, 10.1371/journal.pone.0057183 · DOI
  104. Targher, 2014, Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with QTc interval in patients with type 2 diabetes, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 24, 663, 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.005 · DOI
  105. Algra, 1991, QTc prolongation measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest, Circulation, 83, 1888, 10.1161/01.CIR.83.6.1888 · DOI · Paper page
  106. Robbins, 2003, The association between the length of the QT interval and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study, Am J Med, 115, 689, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.07.014 · DOI
  107. Newton, 2009, Fatigue and autonomic dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Clin Auton Res, 19, 319, 10.1007/s10286-009-0031-4 · DOI
  108. Rossi, 2012, Aortic and mitral annular calcifications are predictive of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 35, 1781, 10.2337/dc12-0134 · DOI
  109. Markus, 2013, Hepatic steatosis is associated with aortic valve sclerosis in the general population: the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33, 1690, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300556 · DOI
  110. Bonapace, 2014, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with aortic valve sclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, PLoS One, 9, e88371, 10.1371/journal.pone.0088371 · DOI
  111. Targher, 2011, Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is there a link?, J Hepatol, 54, 1020, 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.007 · DOI · Paper page
  112. Targher, 2014, CKD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Am J Kidney Dis, 64, 638, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.05.019 · DOI · Paper page
  113. Targher, 2008, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease and proliferative/laser-treated retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetologia, 51, 444, 10.1007/s00125-007-0897-4 · DOI · Paper page
  114. Targher, 2010, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease and retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients, Diabetologia, 53, 1341, 10.1007/s00125-010-1720-1 · DOI
  115. Hwang, 2010, Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on microalbuminuria in patients with prediabetes and diabetes, Intern Med J, 40, 437, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01979.x · DOI
  116. Targher, 2012, Increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver, Diabet Med, 29, 220, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03427.x · DOI
  117. Li, 2012, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with impairment of kidney function in nondiabetes population, Biochem Med (Zagreb), 22, 92, 10.11613/BM.2012.010 · DOI
  118. Ahn, 2013, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease in Koreans aged 50years or older, Korean J Fam Med, 34, 199, 10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.3.199 · DOI
  119. Targher, 2010, Relationship between kidney function and liver histology in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5, 2166, 10.2215/CJN.05050610 · DOI · Paper page
  120. Yilmaz, 2010, Microalbuminuria in nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: association with liver fibrosis, Metabolism, 59, 1327, 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.012 · DOI
  121. Yasui, 2011, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and increased risk of chronic kidney disease, Metabolism, 60, 735, 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.07.022 · DOI · Paper page
  122. Machado, 2012, Impaired renal function in morbid obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Liver Int, 32, 241, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02623.x · DOI
  123. Targher, 2008, Increased risk of CKD among type 2 diabetics with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, J Am Soc Nephrol, 19, 1564, 10.1681/ASN.2007101155 · DOI · Paper page
  124. Chang, 2008, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease predicts chronic kidney disease in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic Korean men, Metabolism, 57, 569, 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.11.022 · DOI · Paper page
  125. Arase, 2011, The development of chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Intern Med, 50, 1081, 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5043 · DOI
  126. Targher, 2014, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 37, 1729, 10.2337/dc13-2704 · DOI
  127. Bonora, 2012, Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease in NAFLD, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9, 372, 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.79 · DOI · Paper page
  128. Byrne, 2014, Ectopic fat, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for cardiovascular disease, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 34, 1155, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303034 · DOI · Paper page
  129. Targher, 2013, Diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and its hemostatic/thrombotic and vascular complications, Semin Thromb Hemost, 39, 214, 10.1055/s-0033-1334866 · DOI
  130. Lonardo, 2014, Diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 20, 1

Cited by

See all 3,042

Metadata

Authors
Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G.
Venue
Journal of Hepatology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-04
Volume
62
Issue
1
Pages
S47-S64
ISSN
0168-8278 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012
OpenAlex
W2162382402
Cited by
3,042
References
17
FWCI
99.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: NAFLD: A multisystem disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012
The paper
Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2015). NAFLD: A multisystem disease. Journal of Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.