norUrsodeoxycholic acid improves cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND & AIM: homologue of UDCA and has shown potent anti-cholestatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties in a preclinical PSC mouse model. A randomized controlled trial, including 38 centers from 12 European countries, evaluated the safety and efficacy of three doses of oral norUDCA (500mg/d, 1,000mg/d or 1,500mg/d) compared with placebo in patients with PSC. METHODS: One hundred sixty-one PSC patients without concomitant UDCA therapy and with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were randomized for a 12-week treatment followed by a 4-week follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean relative change in ALP levels between baseline and end of treatment visit. RESULTS: norUDCA reduced ALP levels by -12.3%, -17.3%, and -26.0% in the 500, 1,000, and 1,500mg/d groups (p=0.029, p=0.003, and p<0.0001 when compared to placebo), respectively, while a +1.2% increase was observed in the placebo group. Similar dose-dependent results were found for secondary endpoints, such as ALT, AST, γ-GT, or the rate of patients achieving ALP levels <1.5× ULN. Serious adverse events occurred in seven patients in the 500mg/d, five patients in the 1,000mg/d, two patients in the 1500mg/d group, and three in the placebo group. There was no difference in reported pruritus between treatment and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: norUDCA significantly reduced ALP values dose-dependently in all treatment arms. The safety profile of norUDCA was excellent and comparable to placebo. Consequently, these results justify a phase III trial of norUDCA in PSC patients. Lay summary: Effective medical therapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is urgently needed. In this phase II clinical study in PSC patients, a side chain-shortened derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid, norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA), significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase levels in a dose-dependent manner during a 12-week treatment. Importantly, norUDCA showed a favorable safety profile, which was similar to placebo. The use of norUDCA in PSC patients is promising and will be further evaluated in a phase III clinical study. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01755507.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Clinically, norUDCA improved biochemical markers of cholestasis in a phase 2 clinical trial in PSC irrespective of prior exposure and response to UDCA.
“Clinically, norUDCA improved biochemical markers of cholestasis in a recent phase 2 clinical trial in PSC irrespective of prior exposure and response to UDCA212”
From Novel therapeutic targets for cholestatic and fatty liver disease (2022) · cites this paper as [212]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009 · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
A Stagewise Rejective Multiple Test Procedure Based on a Modified Bonferroni Test
Hommel, G. (1988) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/75.2.383 · Cited by 1,367 · see citing works
Bile Acids: Chemistry, Pathochemistry, Biology, Pathobiology, and Therapeutics
Hofmann, A. F., & Hagey, L. R. (2008) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-008-7568-6 · Cited by 858 · see citing works
High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Lindor, K. D., Kowdley, K. V., Luketic, V. A. C., Harrison, E. M., McCashland, T., Befeler, A. S., Harnois, D., Jorgensen, R., Petz, J., Keach, J., et al. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23082 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Adaptive Sample Size Calculations in Group Sequential Trials
Lehmacher, W., & Wassmer, G. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.01286.x · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Hirschfield, G. M., Karlsen, T. H., Lindor, K. D., & Adams, D. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60096-3 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Ursodiol for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Lindor, K. D. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199703063361003 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Hirschfield, G. M., Mason, A., Luketic, V., Lindor, K., Gordon, S. C., Mayo, M., Kowdley, K. V., Vincent, C., Bodhenheimer, H. C., Parés, A., et al. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.005 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
New paradigms in the treatment of hepatic cholestasis: from UDCA to FXR, PXR and beyond
Beuers, U., Trauner, M., Jansen, P., & Poupon, R. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.023 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Self-citationACG clinical guideline: primary sclerosing cholangitis
Lindor, K. D., Kowdley, K. V., & Harrison, E. M. (2015) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.112 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Fickert, P., Fuchsbichler, A., Wagner, M., Zollner, G., Kaser, A., Tilg, H., Krause, R. G. E., Lammert, F., Langner, C., Zatloukal, K., et al. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.009 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a placebo-controlled trial
Beuers, U., Spengler, U., Kruis, W., Aydemir, Ü., Wiebecke, B., Heldwein, W., Weinzierl, M., Pape, G. R., Sauerbruch, T., & Paumgartner, G. (1992) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840160315 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Olsson, R., Boberg, K. M., Schaffalitsky de Muckadell, O., Lindgren, S., Hultcrantz, R., Folvik, G., Bell, H., Gangsøy–Kristiansen, M., Matre, J., Rydning, A., et al. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.017 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
(2007) · Gastroenterology Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.sga.0000267930.44372.16 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Beuers, U., Hohenester, S., de Buy Wenniger, L. J. M., Kremer, A. E., Jansen, P. L. M., & Elferink, R. P. J. O. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23810 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Koenig, G., & Seneff, S. (2015) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2015/818570 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Fickert, P., Wagner, M., Marschall, H., Fuchsbichler, A., Zollner, G., Tsybrovskyy, O., Zatloukal, K., Liu, J., Waalkes, M. P., Cover, C., et al. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.10.018 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
The ascending pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disease
Jansen, P. L. M., Ghallab, A., Vartak, N., Reif, R., Schaap, F. G., Hampe, J., & Hengstler, J. G. (2017) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28965 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Jacoby, A., Rannard, A., Buck, D., Bhala, N. B., Newton, J. L., James, O., & Jones, D. E. J. (2005) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.065862 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Hanauer, S., SCHWARTZ, J., ROBINSON, M. G., Roufail, W. M., Arora, S., Cello, J. P., & Safdi, M. A. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Yamada, J., Tomiyama, H., Yambe, M., Koji, Y., Motobe, K., Shiina, K., Yamamoto, Y., & Yamashina, A. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.036 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
The Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Activates the TRPA1 Channel to Induce Itch in Mice
Lieu, T., Jayaweera, G., Zhao, P., Poole, D. P., Jensen, D. D., Grace, M. S., McIntyre, P., Bron, R., Wilson, Y. M., Krappitz, M., et al. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.042 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Mamari, S. A., Djordjevic, J., Halliday, J., & Chapman, R. W. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.10.013 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Bile acids: Trying to understand their chemistry and biology with the hope of helping patients #
Hofmann, A. F. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22789 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A 30-month pilot study
O'Brien, C., Senior, J. R., Arora-Mirchandani, R., BATTA, A. K., & Salen, G. (1991) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840140516 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Lindström, L., Hultcrantz, R. W., Boberg, K. M., Friis–Liby, I., & Bergquist, A. M. (2013) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.032 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Ponsioen, C. Y., Chapman, R. W., Chazouillères, O., Hirschfield, G. M., Karlsen, T. H., Lohse, A. W., Pinzani, M., Schrumpf, E., Trauner, M. A., & Gores, G. J. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28256 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Chazouillères, O., Poupon, R., Capron, J.-P., Metman, E.-H., Dhumeaux, D., Amouretti, M., Couzigou, P., Labayle, D., & Trinchet, J.-C. (1990) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/0168-8278(90)90281-u · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Moustafa, T., Fickert, P., Magnes, C., Guelly, C., Thueringer, A., Frank, S., Kratky, D., Sattler, W., Reicher, H., Sinner, F. M., et al. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.09.051 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Stanich, P. P., Björnsson, E., Gossard, A. A., Enders, F., Jorgensen, R. A., & Lindor, K. D. (2011) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2010.12.008 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Halilbasic, E., Fiorotto, R., Fickert, P., Marschall, H., Moustafa, T., Spirlı̀, C., Fuchsbichler, A., Gumhold, J., Silbert, D., Zatloukal, K., et al. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22891 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Enhanced liver fibrosis score predicts transplant-free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Vesterhus, M., Hov, J. R., Holm, A., Schrumpf, E., Nygård, S., Godang, K., Andersen, I. M., Næss, S., Thorburn, D., Saffioti, F., et al. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27825 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationWunsch, E., Trottier, J., Milkiewicz, M., Raszeja‐Wyszomirska, J., Hirschfield, G. M., Barbier, O., & Milkiewicz, P. (2014) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27074 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Novel biotransformation and physiological properties of norursodeoxycholic acid in humans†‡
Hofmann, A. F., Zakko, S. F., Lira, M., Clerici, C., Hagey, L. R., Lambert, K. K., Steinbach, J. H., Schteingart, C. D., Olinga, P., & Groothuis, G. M. M. (2005) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20943 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Rupp, C., Rössler, A., Halibasic, E., Sauer, P., Weiss, K.-H., Friedrich, K., Wannhoff, A., Stiehl, A., Stremmel, W., Trauner, M. A., et al. (2014) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12979 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
de Vries, E. M. G., Wang, J., Leeflang, M., Boonstra, K., Weersma, R. K., Beuers, U. H., Geskus, R. B., & Ponsioen, C. Y. (2016) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13110 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Karlsen, T. H., Vesterhus, M. N., & Boberg, K. M. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12581 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and Management of Pruritus in PBC and PSC
Kremer, A. E., Namer, B., Bolier, R., Fischer, M. J. M., Elferink, R. P. J. O., & Beuers, U. H. (2015) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000440829 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Applicability and prognostic value of histologic scoring systems in primary sclerosing cholangitis
de Vries, E. M. G., Verheij, J., Hübscher, S. G., Leeflang, M., Boonstra, K., Beuers, U. H., & Ponsioen, C. Y. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sombetzki, M., Fuchs, C. D., Fickert, P., Österreicher, C. H., Mueller, M., Claudel, T., Loebermann, M., Engelmann, R., Langner, C., Sahin, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.020 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cohen, B. I., Hofmann, A. F., Mosbach, E. H., Stenger, R. J., Rothschild, M. A., Hagey, L. R., & Yoon, Y. B. (1986) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(86)90457-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Longterm health‐related quality of life after living liver donation
Humphreville, V. R., Radosevich, D. M., Humar, A., Payne, W. D., Kandaswamy, R., Lake, J. R., Matas, A. J., Pruett, T. L., & Chinnakotla, S. (2015) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.24304 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
New Therapeutic Strategies for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Williamson, K. D., & Chapman, R. W. (2016) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1571274 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Spleen size for the prediction of clinical outcome in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Ehlken, H., Wroblewski, R., Corpechot, C., Arrivé, L., Lezius, S., Hartl, J., Denzer, U. W., Lohse, A. W., Chazouillères, O., & Schramm, C. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311452 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Levels Predict Clinical Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients
Park, W. Y., Koh, E. S., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. O., Jin, D. C., Song, H. C., Choi, E. J., Kim, Y.-L., Kim, Y.-S., Kang, S., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138159 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- M.P.M.: study design/conception, interpreta- tion of data; M.T.: study design/conception, interpretation of data, manuscript writing. Data have been presented at the International Liver Congress of EASL, April 13-17, 2016 in Barcelona, Spain, and AASLD Liver Meeting, November 11-15, 2016 in Boston, USA. à Complete list of partcipating countries and study centers AUSTRIA: Vienna: Principle Investigator (PI) M. Trauner; Sub- investigators (SIs): H. Hofer, S. Traussnigg, E. Halilbasic; Graz: PI P. Fickert; SIs: E. Krones, F. Durchschein; Innsbruck: PI W. Vogel, SIs: H. Zoller, H. Steinle, H. Schwaighofer, A. Viveiros; BEL- GIUM: Leuven: PI F. Nevens; SIs: W. van Steenbergen, S. Van der Merwe; DENMARK: Odense: PI T. Havelund; SI: A. A. Krag; FIN- LAND: Helsinki: PI: M. Faerkkilae; SI: K. Jokelainen; GERMANY: Hannover: PI M. Manns; SIs: M. Cornberg, K. Deterding, H.-W. Wedemeyer; K. Port; Mainz: PI P. Galle; SIs: J. Schattenberg, A. Grambihler; Essen: PI G. Gerken; SIs: A.E. Canbay, A. Kahraman, J. Best, C. Jochum; Heidelberg: PI D. Gotthardt; SIs: K.-H. Weiss, A. Wannhoff, C. Rupp; Kiel: PI R. Guenther; SIs: T. Bielefeld, P. Wietzke-Braun, H. Vollbrecht, A. Koepke; Homburg (Saar): PI F. Lammert; SIs: B. Appenrodt, C. Juengst; Munich: PI G. Denk; SIs: S. Hohenester, F. Reiter; Hamburg: PI C. Schramm; SIs: C. Weiler-Normann, S. Lueth, M. Lang, M. Wehmeyer; Bonn: PI U. Spengler; SIs: R. Hueneburg, Z. Balta, C. Bless-Paar; Aachen: PI C. Trautwein; SIs: J. Tischendorf, H. Lutz, S. Voigt, F. Tacke; Frank- furt (Main): PI S. Zeuzem; SIs: T. Welzel, S. Klein, S. Luhne, J. Schrewe; Wuerzburg: PI A. Geier; SIs: T. Kudlich, O. Goetze, J. Weiss, C. Hoell; Erlangen: PI A. Kremer; SIs: S. Zopf, J. Siebler, M. Waldner, R. Goertz; Tuebingen: PI C. Berg; SIs: D. Egetemeyr, C. Werner, J. Schwarz, V. Scheble; Duesseldorf: PI D. Haeus- singer; SIs: H. Bock, V. Keitel, U. Heinzel-Pleines; Berlin: PI E. Schott; SIs: D. Beha, T. Mueller, C. Plehm, M. Schulz; Mannheim: PI C. Antoni; SIs: T. Zimmerer, W. Reindl; HUNGARY: Budapest: PI Z. Tulassay; SI: G. Lengyel; Debrecen: PI I. Altorjay; SIs: K. Palatka, I. Tornai; LITHUANIA: Kaunas: PI L. Kupc ˇinskas; SIs: V. Petrenkiene, J. Kondrackiene; NETHERLANDS: Amsterdam: PI U. Beuers; SIs: R. Van Dijk, L. Ailette de Buy Wenninger, S. Aron- son; Rotterdam: PI H. van Buuren; SI: W. Lammers; Nijmegen: PI J. Drenth; SIs: F. Berden, M. Broekman, S. Pape; Leiden: PI B. van Hoek; SIs: M. Coenraad, A. Inderson; NORWAY: Oslo: PI K. M. Boberg; SI: E. Schrumpf; Bergen: PI G.G. Dimcevski; SI: M. Vesterhus; SPAIN: Barcelona: PI A. Pares; SI: L. Caballería; SWE- DEN: Gothenburg: PI H.-U. Marschall; SIs: I. Friis-Liby, A. Schult; Stockholm: PI A. Bergquist; SIs: K. Said, S. Haas; UNITED KING- DOM: Oxford: PI R. Chapman; SIs: K. Williamson, J. Ryan; Nor- wich: PI S. Rushbrook; SI: E. Goode; Birmingham: PI G. Hirschfield; SIs: P. Trivedi, P. Eddowes. References
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Primary sclerosing cholangitis – a comprehensive review
Karlsen, T. H., Folseraas, T., Thorburn, D., & Vesterhus, M. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.022 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease
Cai, J., Rimal, B., Jiang, C., Chiang, J. Y. L., & Patterson, A. D. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108238 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology
Fuchs, C. D., & Trauner, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00566-7 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Molecular physiology of bile acid signaling in health, disease, and aging
Perino, A., Demagny, H., Velazquez-Villegas, L., & Schoonjans, K. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00049.2019 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Bile Acids as Metabolic Regulators and Nutrient Sensors
Chiang, J. Y. L., & Ferrell, J. M. (2019) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124344 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma
Bowlus, C. L., Arrivé, L., Bergquist, A. M., Deneau, M. R., Forman, L., Ilyas, S. I., Lunsford, K. E., Martínez, M., Sapisochín, G., Shroff, R. T., et al. (2022) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.32771 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis
Chazouilleres, O., Beuers, U., Bergquist, A., Karlsen, T. H., Levy, C., Samyn, M., Schramm, C., & Trauner, M. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.011 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationPathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in COVID‐19
Nardo, A. D., Schneeweiss‐Gleixner, M., Bakail, M., Dixon, E. D., Lax, S., & Trauner, M. (2020) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14730 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Biliary Atresia: Clinical and Research Challenges for the Twenty‐First Century
Bezerra, J. A., Wells, R. G., Mack, C. L., Karpen, S. J., Hoofnagle, J. H., Doo, E. C., & Sokol, R. J. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29905 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Emerging roles of bile acids in mucosal immunity and inflammation
Chen, M. L., Takeda, K., & Sundrud, M. S. (2019) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0162-4 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Discovery of farnesoid X receptor and its role in bile acid metabolism
Chiang, J. Y. L., & Ferrell, J. M. (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2022.111618 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Bile acid metabolism and signalling in liver disease
Fuchs, C. D., Simbrunner, B., Baumgartner, M., Campbell, C., Reiberger, T., & Trauner, M. (2024) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.09.032 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Novel therapeutic targets for cholestatic and fatty liver disease
Trauner, M., & Fuchs, C. D. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324305 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Kowdley, K. V., Vuppalanchi, R., Levy, C., Floreani, A., Andreoné, P., LaRusso, N. F., Shrestha, R., Trotter, J. F., Goldberg, D., Rushbrook, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.033 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Hirschfield, G. M., Chazouillères, O., Drenth, J. P., Thorburn, D., Harrison, S. A., Landis, C. S., Mayo, M. J., Muir, A. J., Trotter, J. F., Leeming, D. J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.035 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationLiver Injury and Failure in Critical Illness
Horvatits, T., Drolz, A., Trauner, M. A., & Fuhrmann, V. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30824 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases
Khalaf, K., Tornese, P., Cocco, A., & Albanese, A. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00307-z · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Bile acids and their receptors: modulators and therapeutic targets in liver inflammation
Bertolini, A., Fiorotto, R., & Strazzabosco, M. (2022) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-022-00935-7 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Effect of different bile acids on the intestine through enterohepatic circulation based on FXR
Xiang, J., Zhang, Z., Xie, H., Zhang, C., Bai, Y., Cao, H., Che, Q., Guo, J., & Su, Z. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1949095 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Heart and bile acids – Clinical consequences of altered bile acid metabolism
Vasavan, T., Ferraro, E., Ibrahim, E., Dixon, P. H., Gorelik, J., & Williamson, C. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.039 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Đanić, M., Stanimirov, B., Pavlović, N., Goločorbin-Kon, S., Al‐Salami, H., Stankov, K., & Mikov, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01382 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Gut microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis: A review
Little, R., Wine, E., Kamath, B. M., Griffiths, A. M., & Ricciuto, A. (2020) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2768 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Promises of microbiome-based therapies
Bajaj, J. S., Ng, S. C., & Schnabl, B. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.003 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Reich, M., Spomer, L., Klindt, C., Fuchs, K., Stindt, J., Deutschmann, K., Höhne, J., Liaskou, E., Hov, J. R., Karlsen, T. H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.029 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of bile acids in inflammatory liver diseases
Evangelakos, I., Heeren, J., Verkade, E., & Kuipers, F. (2021) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-021-00869-6 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The microbiota and the gut–liver axis in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Hov, J. R., & Karlsen, T. H. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00690-y · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Current Treatment Strategies and New Therapeutic Agents
Hasegawa, S., Yoneda, M., Kurita, Y., Nogami, A., Honda, Y., Hosono, K., & Nakajima, A. (2021) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-021-01545-7 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Dana, J., Debray, D., Bèaufrere, A., Hillaire, S., Fabrè, M., Reinhold, C., Baumert, T. F., Berteloot, L., & Vilgrain, V. (2021) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.042 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Lynch, K. D., Chapman, R. W., Keshav, S., Montano-Loza, A. J., Mason, A. L., Kremer, A. E., Vetter, M., de Krijger, M., Ponsioen, C. Y., Trivedi, P., et al. (2020) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Weiskirchen, R., Weiskirchen, S., & Tacke, F. (2018) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.14841.1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cabrera, D., Arab, J. P., & Arrese, M. A. (2019) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2019_241 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis of Biliary Atresia
Ortiz‐Perez, A., Donnelly, B., Temple, H., Tiao, G. M., Bansal, R., & Mohanty, S. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00329 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Gut-Liver Axis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Blesl, A., & Stadlbauer, V. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13031018 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Voskens, C., Stoica, D., Rosenberg, M., Vitali, F., Zundler, S., Ganslmayer, M., Knott, H., Wiesinger, M., Wunder, J., Kummer, M., et al. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327075 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Deneau, M. R., Mack, C. L., Mogul, D. B., Perito, E. R., Valentino, P. L., Amir, A. Z., DiGuglielmo, M., Draijer, L. G., El‐Matary, W., Furuya, K. N., et al. (2020) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31560 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Al-Dury, S., & Marschall, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00931 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
A Current Understanding of Bile Acids in Chronic Liver Disease
Farooqui, N., Elhence, A., & Shalimar, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2021.08.017 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tie, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, R., Li, L., Chen, M., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2265028 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Cystic Fibrosis-related cirrhosis
Leung, D. H., & Narkewicz, M. R. (2017) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2017.07.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Traussnigg, S., Schattenberg, J. M., Demir, M., Wiegand, J., Geier, A., Teuber, G., Hofmann, W. P., Kremer, A. E., Spreda, F., Kluwe, J., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30184-0 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular and Cellular Mediators of the Gut-Liver Axis in the Progression of Liver Diseases
Bruneau, A., Hundertmark, J., Guillot, A., & Tacke, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.725390 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Bile Acid Biology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics
Chiang, J. Y. L., & Ferrell, J. M. (2020) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1002/cld.861 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Kriegermeier, A. A., & Green, R. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00149 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Immunology of bile acids regulated receptors
Fiorucci, S., Marchianò, S., Urbani, G., Giorgio, C. D., Distrutti, E., Zampella, A., & Biagioli, M. (2024) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cholestatic liver diseases: new targets, new therapies
Santiago, P., Scheinberg, A. R., & Levy, C. (2018) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756284818787400 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Vesterhus, M. N., & Karlsen, T. H. (2020) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-020-01681-z · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Bile Acid Signaling in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases and Drug Development
Li, T., & Chiang, J. Y. L. (2024) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.124.000978 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lemoinne, S., Pares, A., Reig, A., Ben Belkacem, K., Kemgang Fankem, A. D., Gaouar, F., Poupon, R., Housset, C., Corpechot, C., & Chazouillères, O. (2018) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2018.06.009 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Novel and emerging therapies for cholestatic liver diseases
Goldstein, J., & Levy, C. (2018) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13880 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Drug Therapies for Chronic Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Wagner, M., & Fickert, P. (2019) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021059 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Molecular Regulation of Bile Acid Homeostasis
Choudhuri, S., & Klaassen, C. D. (2021) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.121.000643 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Review: Pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases
Yokoda, R. T., & Rodríguez, E. A. (2020) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.423 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology: Advances and controversies
Ibrahim, S. H., Kamath, B. M., Loomes, K. M., & Karpen, S. J. (2022) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.32437 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Microbiome in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Evidence and Potential Concepts
Hov, J., & Karlsen, T. (2017) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608801 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Rabiee, A., & Silveira, M. G. (2020) · Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.21037/tgh-20-266 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Zhu, C., Boucheron, N., Müller, A. C., Májek, P., Claudel, T., Halilbasic, E., Baazim, H., Lercher, A., Viczenczova, C., Hainberger, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.036 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Role of Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Related Biliary Malignancies
Özdirik, B., Müller, T., Wree, A., Tacke, F., & Sigal, M. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136975 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Manns, M. P., Bergquist, A. M., Karlsen, T. H., Levy, C., Muir, A. J., Ponsioen, C. Y., Trauner, M., Wong, G. L., & Younossi, Z. M. (2025) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-025-00600-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lemoinne, S., & Friedman, S. L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2019.09.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Role of bile acids in liver diseases mediated by the gut microbiome
Shao, J., Ge, T., Chen, S., Wang, G., Yang, Q., Huang, C., Xu, L., & Chen, Z. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i22.3010 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Park, J. W., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. E., Jung, J. H., Jang, M. K., Park, S. H., Lee, M. S., Kim, H. S., Suk, K. T., & Kim, D. J. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10061288 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Galoosian, A., Hanlon, C. L., Zhang, J., Holt, E. W., & Yimam, K. K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2019.00049 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Trivedi, P. J., Muir, A. J., Levy, C., Bowlus, C. L., Manns, M. P., Lu, X., Crans, G., Chung, C., Subramanian, G. M., Myers, R. P., et al. (2021) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.032 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Advances in the Management of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Assis, D. N., & Bowlus, C. L. (2023) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Tabibian, J. H., Ali, A. H., & Lindor, K. D. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Yokoda, R. T., & Carey, E. J. (2019) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000268 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs
Damiris, K., Tafesh, Z., & Pyrsopoulos, N. (2020) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i41.6304 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Cenicriviroc in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: PERSEUS Study
Eksteen, B., Bowlus, C. L., Montaño‐Loza, A. J., Lefebvre, E. A., Fischer, L., Vig, P., Martins, E. B., Ahmad, J., Yimam, K. K., Pockros, P. J., et al. (2020) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1619 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nevens, F., Trauner, M. A., & Manns, M. P. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.10.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Deneau, M. R., Mack, C. L., Abdou, R., Amin, M. D., Amir, A. Z., Auth, M. K. H., Bazerbachi, F., Broderick, A. M., Chan, A. C. Y., DiGuglielmo, M., et al. (2018) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1251 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Prevention of First Decompensation in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Mandorfer, M., & Simbrunner, B. (2021) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2021.01.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The gut microbiota-bile acid axis in cholestatic liver disease
Sun, D.-Y., Xie, C., Zhao, Y., Liao, J.-M., Li, S.-S., Zhang, Y.-N., Wang, D.-D., Hua, K., Gu, Y.-C., Du, J.-B., et al. (2024) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-024-00830-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bile Acids in Cholestasis and its Treatment
Arab, J. P., Cabrera, D., & Arrese, M. A. (2017) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0010.5497 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fine‐Tuning of Sirtuin 1 Expression Is Essential to Protect the Liver From Cholestatic Liver Disease
Blokker, B. A., Maijo, M., Echeandia, M., Galduroz, M., Patterson, A. M., Ten, A., Philo, M., Schungel, R., Gutierrez‐de Juan, V., Halilbasic, E., et al. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30275 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationThe history and future of bile acid therapies
Beuers, U. H., Bañales, J. M., Karpen, S. J., Keitel, V., Williamson, C., & Trauner, M. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.06.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rheumatic Manifestations in Autoimmune Liver Disease
Selmi, C. F., Generali, E., & Gershwin, M. E. (2017) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2017.09.008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and its complications: an algorithmic approach
Prokopič, M., & Beuers, U. H. (2020) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-020-10118-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Role of Bile Acids and the Biliary HCO3− Umbrella in the Pathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
van Niekerk, J., Kersten, R., & Beuers, U. H. (2018) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2018.03.013 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Redox‐Dependent Effects in the Physiopathological Role of Bile Acids
Orozco-Aguilar, J., Simón, F., & Cabello‐Verrugio, C. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/4847941 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Meng, F., Kennedy, L. L., Hargrove, L. A., Demieville, J., Jones, H. F., Madeka, T., Karstens, A. W., Chappell, K., Alpini, G. D., Sybenga, A. B., et al. (2018) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-018-0101-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, W., Tian, X., Chen, S., Lu, Y., Du, J., & Cai, W. (2021) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14906 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children
Laborda, T. J., Jensen, M. K., Kavan, M., & Deneau, M. R. (2019) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.19 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Obeticholic Acid for Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Floreani, A., Gabbia, D., & De Martin, S. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10102464 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bile Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease
Li, T., & Chiang, J. Y. L. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119436812.ch23 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Concise Review of Diagnosis and Management
Fricker, Z. P., & Lichtenstein, D. R. (2019) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-019-05484-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Clinical Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis—Strategies and Evolving Trends
Gao, L., Wang, L., Woo, E., He, X., Yang, G., Bowlus, C., Leung, P. S. C., & Gershwin, M. E. (2020) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-019-08772-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Engel, B., Taubert, R., Jaeckel, E., & Manns, M. P. (2020) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14378 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Inflammation: Cause or consequence of chronic cholestatic liver injury
Woolbright, B. L. (2020) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111133 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Central role for cholangiocyte pathobiology in cholestatic liver diseases
Jalan-Sakrikar, N., Guicciardi, M. E., O’Hara, S. P., Azad, A., LaRusso, N. F., Gores, G. J., & Huebert, R. C. (2025) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001093 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gao, R. Y., Shearn, C. T., Orlicky, D. J., Battista, K. D., Alexeev, E. E., Cartwright, I. M., Lanis, J. M., Kostelecky, R. E., Ju, C., Colgan, S. P., et al. (2020) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-020-00347-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Floreani, A., & Martin, S. D. (2021) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2021.04.028 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hunyady, P., Streller, L., Rüther, D. F., Groba, S. R., Bettinger, D., Fitting, D., Hamesch, K., Marquardt, J. U., Mücke, V. T., Finkelmeier, F., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac565 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bile acids regulate lipid metabolism through selective actions on fatty acid absorption
Chan, A. P., Jarrett, K. E., Lai, R. W., Brearley-Sholto, M. C., Cheng, A., Taveras, M. O., Iwata, A. M., Steel, M. E., Lau, A., Whang, E. C., et al. (2025) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2025.11.010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gupta, V., Sehrawat, T. S., Pinzani, M., & Strazzabosco, M. (2024) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.044 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Li, C., Zhou, W., Li, M., Shu, X., Zhang, L. R., & Ji, G. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111587 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gut microbiota, immunity, and bile acid metabolism: decoding metabolic disease interactions
Zhao, Q., Wu, J., Ding, Y., Pang, Y., & Jiang, C. (2023) · Life Metabolism · doi:10.1093/lifemeta/load032 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bile Acid Receptor Therapeutics Effects on Chronic Liver Diseases
Meadows, V., Kennedy, L. L., Kundu, D., Alpini, G. D., & Francis, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00015 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bossen, L., Gerussi, A., Lygoura, V., Mells, G. F., Carbone, M., & Invernizzi, P. (2018) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.013 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Palmer, M., Regev, A., Lindor, K. D., Avigan, M., Dimick‐Santos, L., Treem, W. R., MARCINAK, J. F., Lewis, J. H., Anania, F. A., Seekins, D. W., et al. (2019) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.15579 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Levy, C., Abouda, G. F., Bilir, B. M., Bonder, A., Bowlus, C. L., Campos‐Varela, I., Cazzagon, N., Chandok, N., Cheent, K. S., Cortez‐Pinto, H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.025 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fickert, P., Hirschfield, G. M., Denk, G., Marschall, H.-U., Altorjay, I., Färkkilä, M., Schramm, C., Spengler, U., Chapman, R., Bergquist, A., Schrumpf, E., Nevens, F., Trivedi, P., Reiter, F. P., Tornai, I., Halilbasic, E., Greinwald, R., Pröls, M., Manns, M. P., & Trauner, M.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- LMU Klinikum (DE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Dr Falk Pharma (Germany) (DE)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Trauner, Michael
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Hepatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 549-558
- ISSN
- 0168-8278 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2616282068
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 17.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hepatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Falk Foundation
- Pfizer
- Gilead Sciences
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Astellas Pharma
- Dr. Falk Pharma
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholestasis, alkaline phosphatase, dose-dependent effects, safety profile, pruritus, liver fibrosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alkaline Phosphatase, Cholestasis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, Cholangitis, Sclerosing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
