Manufacturing energy and greenhouse gas emissions associated with plastics consumption
Open accessIntegrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made
Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782 · Cited by 18,606 · see citing works
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260352 · Cited by 13,163 · see citing works
The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology
Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E., & Weidema, B. (2016) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8 · Cited by 5,564 · see citing works
Silica-Like Malleable Materials from Permanent Organic Networks
Montarnal, D., Capelot, M., Tournilhac, F., & Leibler, L. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1212648 · Cited by 3,625 · see citing works
Sustainable polymers from renewable resources
Zhu, Y., Romain, C., & Williams, C. K. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21001 · Cited by 2,762 · see citing works
Applications and societal benefits of plastics
Andrady, A. L., & Neal, M. A. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304 · Cited by 2,464 · see citing works
Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production
Rahimi, A., & Garcı́a, J. M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-017-0046 · Cited by 2,148 · see citing works
Biodegradable Polymers for the Environment
Gross, R. A., & Kalra, B. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.297.5582.803 · Cited by 1,983 · see citing works
The future of plastics recycling
Garcı́a, J. M., & Robertson, M. L. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaq0324 · Cited by 1,355 · see citing works
Strategies to reduce the global carbon footprint of plastics
Zheng, J., & Suh, S. (2019) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0459-z · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Grand challenges in the science of wind energy
Veers, P., Dykes, K., Lantz, E., Barth, S., Bottasso, C. L., Carlson, O., Clifton, A., Green, J., Green, P., Holttinen, H., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau2027 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
(Nano)plastics in the environment - Sources, fates and effects
da Costa, J. P., Santos, P. S. M., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.041 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Current progress on bio-based polymers and their future trends
Babu, R. P., O’Connor, K. E., & Ramakrishna, S. (2013) · Progress in Biomaterials · doi:10.1186/2194-0517-2-8 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works
Microplastic contamination of river beds significantly reduced by catchment-wide flooding
Hurley, R., Woodward, J., & Rothwell, J. J. (2018) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0080-1 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Plastics derived from biological sources: present and future: a technical and environmental review
Chen, G.-Q., & Patel, M. K. (2012) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200162d · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites – a review
Sathishkumar, T. P., Subramani, S., & Naveen, J. (2014) · Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites · doi:10.1177/0731684414530790 · Cited by 996 · see citing works
Biodegradable and Bio‐Based Polymers: Future Prospects of Eco‐Friendly Plastics
Iwata, T. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201410770 · Cited by 947 · see citing works
Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability
Hong, M., & Chen, E. Y.-X. (2017) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c7gc01496a · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Methods for polyurethane and polyurethane composites, recycling and recovery: A review
Zia, K. M., Bhatti, H. N., & Ahmad Bhatti, I. (2007) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.05.004 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Vulcanization and crosslinking in elastomers
Akiba, M. (1997) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(96)00015-9 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Handbook of Thermoset Plastics
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2011-0-09694-1 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Terawatt-scale photovoltaics: Trajectories and challenges
Haegel, N. M., Margolis, R., Buonassisi, T., Feldman, D., Froitzheim, A., Garabedian, R., Green, M., Glunz, S., Henning, H.-M., Holder, B., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal1288 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Herrmann, I. T., & Moltesen, A. (2014) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.004 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
The promise of plastics from plants
Hillmyer, M. A. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aao6711 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Albertsson, A.-C., & Hakkarainen, M. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aap8115 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Combining Reclaimed PET with Bio-based Monomers Enables Plastics Upcycling
Rorrer, N. A., Nicholson, S., Carpenter, A. C., Biddy, M. J., Grundl, N. J., & Beckham, G. T. (2019) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.018 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citation(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2014-0-02399-4 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Enabling Applications of Covalent Adaptable Networks
McBride, M. K., Worrell, B. T., Brown, T. E., Cox, L. M., Sowan, N., Wang, C., Podgórski, M., Martinez, A. M., & Bowman, C. N. (2019) · Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030217 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Applied Polymer Science: 21st Century
Craver, C. D., & Carraher, C. E. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-043417-9.x5000-4 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Bioprivileged molecules: creating value from biomass
Shanks, B. H., & Keeling, P. L. (2017) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c7gc00296c · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Plastics in the US: toward a material flow characterization of production, markets and end of life
Heller, M. C., Mazor, M. H., & Keoleian, G. A. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab9e1e · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Ma, Y., Liao, S., Li, Q., Guan, Q., Jia, P., & Zhou, Y. (2019) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104458 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Advanced Polyethylene Technologies—Controlled Material Properties
Knuuttila, H. R., Lehtinen, A., & Nummila-Pakarinen, A. (2004) · Advances in polymer science · doi:10.1007/b13519 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lepoittevin, B., & Roger, P. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118104729.ch4 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Polypropylene and Other Polyolefins
Gahleitner, M., & Paulik, C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35824-8.00011-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
White, E. M., Clark, S. A., Manire, C. A., Crawford, B. P., Wang, S., Locklin, J., & Ritchie, B. W. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02776 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Cleaning up plastic pollution in Africa
Adebiyi-Abiola, B., Assefa, S., Sheikh, K., & Garcı́a, J. M. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax3539 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Unsaturated Polyesters and Vinyl Esters
Kandelbauer, A., Tondi, G., Zaske, O. C., et al. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3107-7.00006-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Radusch, H. J. (2002) · doi:10.1002/3527601961.ch8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Evaluating opportunities to improve material and energy impacts in commodity supply chains
Hanes, R. J., & Carpenter, A. C. (2017) · Environment Systems & Decisions · doi:10.1007/s10669-016-9622-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bio-based polymers with performance-advantaged properties
Cywar, R. M., Rorrer, N. A., Hoyt, C. B., Beckham, G. T., & Chen, E. Y.-X. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00363-3 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Self-citationExpanding plastics recycling technologies: chemical aspects, technology status and challenges
Li, H., Aguirre-Villegas, H. A., Allen, R. D., Bai, X., Benson, C. H., Beckham, G. T., Bradshaw, S. L., Brown, J. L., Brown, R. C., Cecon, V. S., et al. (2022) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2gc02588d · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Self-citationDesign principles for intrinsically circular polymers with tunable properties
Shi, C., Reilly, L. T., Phani Kumar, V. S., Coile, M. W., Nicholson, S. R., Broadbelt, L. J., Beckham, G. T., & Chen, E. Y.-X. (2021) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.004 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationTandem Heterogeneous Catalysis for Polyethylene Depolymerization via an Olefin-Intermediate Process
Ellis, L. D., Orski, S. V., Kenlaw, G. A., Norman, A. G., Beers, K. L., Román-Leshkov, Y., & Beckham, G. T. (2021) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07612 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationZheng, J., Arifuzzaman, M., Tang, X., Chen, X. C., & Saito, T. (2023) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/d2mh01549h · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Quinn, E. C., Westlie, A. H., Sangroniz, A., Caputo, M. R., Xu, S., Zhang, Z., Urgun-Demirtas, M., Müller, A. J., & Chen, E. Y.-X. (2023) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c12897 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The power of good decisions: promoting eco-informed design attitudes in plastic selection and use
Jones, M. P., Archodoulaki, V.-M., & Köck, B.-M. (2022) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106324 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Regulating the stereomicrostructure, circularity and functionality of synthetic PHAs
Quinn, E. C., Parker, C. R., Guillaume, S. M., & Chen, E. Y.-X. (2025) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4py01313a · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications
Yuan, J., Yang, G., Zhou, X., Huang, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Sustainable Carbon Materials · doi:10.48130/scm-0025-0005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nicholson, S. R., Rorrer, N. A., Carpenter, A. C., & Beckham, G. T.
- Affiliations
- National Laboratory of the Rockies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beckham, Gregg T.
- Venue
- Joule
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 673-686
- ISSN
- 2542-4351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3123866115
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 17
- FWCI
- 19.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Joule (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Keywords
- plastics industry, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, bio-based plastics, circular economy, polymer recycling, sustainable feedstocks, commodity polymers, carbon intensity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review