Epigenetic histone acetylation and Bdnf dysregulation in the hippocampus of rats exposed to repeated, low-dose diisopropylfluorophosphate
Open accessAbstract
Aims Deployment-related exposures to organophosphate (OP) compounds are implicated for Gulf War Illness (GWI) development in First GW veterans. However, reasons for the persistence of GWI are not fully understood. Epigenetic modifications to chromatin are regulatory mechanisms that can adaptively or maladaptively respond to external stimuli. These include DNA methylation and histone acetylation. DNA methylation changes have been reported in GWI but the role of histone acetylation in GWI has been less explored, despite its importance as an epigenetic mechanism for neurological disorders.Main methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to OP diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP, 0.5 mg/kg s.c., 5-d) and 6-m later brains were dissected for hippocampus. Western blotting, activity assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were utilized for epigenetic analyses. Behavior was assessed using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM).Key findings We observed a significant upregulation in HDAC1 protein along with a significant increase in HDAC enzyme activity in the hippocampus of DFP rats. A locus-specific ChIP study revealed decreases in H3K9ac at the brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) promoter IV coupled with a significant decrease in BDNF protein in DFP rat hippocampus. Treatment with HDAC inhibitor valproic acid reduced HDAC activity and decreased the FST immobility time in DFP rats.Significance Our research suggests that epigenetic alterations to histone acetylation pathways and decreased BDNF expression could represent novel mechanisms for GWI symptomatology and may provide new targets for developing effective drugs for GWI treatment.
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BDNF expression is linked to histone acetylation.
“Because BDNF expression is linked to histone acetylation, peripheral molecular alterations may partly reflect underlying chromatin states (Li J. et al., 2020; Ribeiro et al., 2021).”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Ribeiro et al., 2021
Peripheral molecular alterations may partly reflect underlying chromatin states.
“peripheral molecular alterations may partly reflect underlying chromatin states (Li J. et al., 2020; Ribeiro et al., 2021)”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Ribeiro et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Ribeiro, A. C. R., Jahr, F. M., Hawkins, E., Kronfol, M. M., Younis, R. M., McClay, J. L., & Deshpande, L. S.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deshpande, Laxmikant S.
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 281
- Pages
- 119765
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3174527209
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 304 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Life Sciences (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Keywords
- Gulf War illness, diisopropylfluorophosphate, organophosphate exposure, histone acetylation, HDAC1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, H3K9ac, hippocampus, epigenetic regulation, valproic acid, depression-like behavior, anxiety-like behavior, chromatin modification
- MeSH terms
- Acetylation, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Gene Expression Regulation, Hippocampus, Histones, Isoflurophate, Male, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Valproic Acid, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Epigenesis, Genetic, Rats, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
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