Cited by 781Marine Plankton and BiogeochemistryOcean Acidification Effects and ResponsesOceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

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Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical processes

Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A., Zeebe, Richard E., Klaas, Christine, Körtzinger, Arne, Dickson, Andrew G.·2007·Marine Chemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.006

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“…and surface end-members is attributed to CaCO 3 precipitation/dissolution and assimilation of inorganic nutrients by primary production (Brewer and Goldman, 1976): where R DIC:TA is the relative ratio of -106/17 between changes in DIC and TA during primary production (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
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“1), where ellipses represent neglected acids and bases (Dickson, 1981, 1992; Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007) A higher TA value for a seawater sample indicates that it has a higher buffering capacity than a sample with a lower TA value That is, The concentration of dissolved CO gas (CO ) in this were in…”
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“ΔTAmix was calculated from changes in the observed TA which were corrected for the uptake or release of nutrients according to the nutrientH+-compensation principle [Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007].”
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“Remineralization of particulate organic matter and subsequent nutrient release affect AT depending on the form of reactive nitrogen produced [50,51].”
Background
Redox-controlled carbon and phosphorus burial: A mechanism for enhanced organic carbon sequestration during the PETM
Komar, N., & Zeebe, R. E. (2017) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.011 · Cited by 41
“The nitrate and phosphate portion of the export flux that is not respired (remineralized) represents an alkalinity source (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Prevention of siderophore- mediated gut-derived sepsis due to P. aeruginosacan be achieved without iron provision by maintaining local phosphate abundance: role of pH
Romanowski, K. S. S., Zaborin, A., Fernandez, H. T., Poroyko, V. A., Valuckaite, V., Gerdes, S., Liu, D. C., Zaborina, O. Y., & Alverdy, J. C. (2011) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-212 · Cited by 43
“This observation is in agreement with the computation based prediction that microbial assimilation of 1 mole nitrate or nitrite results in increase of alkalinity by 1 mole [27].”
Result
External total alkalinity loads versus internal generation: The influence of nonriverine alkalinity sources in the Baltic Sea
Gustafsson, E., Wällstedt, T., Humborg, C., Mörth, C., & Gustafsson, B. G. (2014) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/2014gb004888 · Cited by 59
“Further, nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria does not affect TA, whereas aerobic mineralization of this organic nitrogen is again a net TA sink [cf. Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007].”
Background
Alkalinity of diverse water samples can be altered by mercury preservation and borosilicate vial storage
Mos, B., Holloway, C., Kelaher, B. P., dos Santos, I. R., & Dworjanyn, S. A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89110-w · Cited by 40
The continental shelf carbon pump in the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea): Influence of wintertime variability
Cossarini, G., Querin, S., & Solidoro, C. (2015) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.024 · Cited by 40
Simulation of carbon dynamics in the Baltic Sea with a 3D model
Kuznetsov, I., & Neumann, T. (2012) · Journal of Marine Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.10.011 · Cited by 40
An integrated investigation of the effects of ocean acidification on adult abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)
Avignon, S., Auzoux-Bordenave, S., Martin, S. G., Dubois, P., Badou, A., Coheleach, M., Richard, N., Giglio, S. D., Malet, L., Servili, A., et al. (2020) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsz257 · Cited by 43
“As ammonium production increases alkalinity in a mole-per-mole ratio (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007), the alkalinity variation was corrected by the ammonium flux to calculate CaCO3 fluxes.”
Method
Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone diagenetic model
Petrash, D. A., Bialik, O. M., Staudigel, P. T., Konhauser, K. O., & Budd, D. A. (2021) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12849 · Cited by 41
“Many reviews exist on the role of biogeochemistry in carbonate systems (Zeebe & Wolf-Gladrow, 2001; Soetaert et al., 2007; Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007; Middelburg, 2019).”
Background
Effects of CO2 and the harmful alga Aureococcus anophagefferens on growth and survival of oyster and scallop larvae
Talmage, S., & Gobler, C. (2012) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09867 · Cited by 38
Enhancing the performance of an osmotic microbial fuel cell through self-buffering with reverse-fluxed sodium bicarbonate
Wu, S., Zou, S., Yang, Y.-L., Qian, G., & He, Z. (2018) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.086 · Cited by 38
Intertidal regions changing coastal alkalinity: The Wadden Sea‐North Sea tidally coupled bioreactor
Voynova, Y. G., Petersen, W., Gehrung, M., Aßmann, S., & King, A. L. (2018) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.11103 · Cited by 39
“Organic matter cycling and temperature dependence TA can change with calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution, nutrient assimilation and remineralization by primary producers, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction (Wolf-Gladrow et al. 2007).”
Background
Role of hydrodynamics in shaping chemical habitats and modulating the responses of coastal benthic systems to ocean global change
Noisette, F., Pansch, C., Wall, M., Wahl, M., & Hurd, C. L. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16165 · Cited by 38
“…dissolution processes at the surface of calcareous species also change the local chemical environment of the DBL by influencing calcium content, carbonate chemistry equilibrium and total alkalinity (De Beer et al., 2000; Ninokawa et al., 2020; Roleda et al., 2012; Wolf- Gladrow et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Past and future evolution of the marine carbonate system in a coastal zone of the Northern Antarctic Peninsula
Avila, J. M. L., Goyet, C., Kerr, R., Orselli, I. B. M., MATA, M. M., & Touratier, F. (2017) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.10.018 · Cited by 37
Annual Net Community Production of Particulate and Dissolved Organic Carbon From a Decade of Biogeochemical Profiling Float Observations in the Northeast Pacific
Haskell, W. Z., Fassbender, A. J., Long, J. S., & Plant, J. N. (2020) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2020gb006599 · Cited by 37
“Total Alkalinity Because TA is influenced by all the same processes as DIC, except gas exchange, we can use the previous equations to budget TA, as well (Wolf‐Gladrow et al., 2007):”
BackgroundMethod
Microbial Alkalinity Production and Silicate Alteration in Methane Charged Marine Sediments: Implications for Porewater Chemistry and Diagenetic Carbonate Formation
Meister, P. H., Herda, G., Petrishcheva, E., Gier, S., Dickens, G. R., Bauer, C. H., & Liu, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2021.756591 · Cited by 37
Secondary calcification and dissolution respond differently to future ocean conditions
Silbiger, N. J., & Donahue, M. J. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-567-2015 · Cited by 37
“TA was normalized to a constant salinity (35) to account for changes due to evaporation and then corrected for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate to account for their small contributions to the acid–base system (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
Method
Contribution of non-carbonate inorganic and organic alkalinity to total measured alkalinity in pore waters in marine sediments (Gulf of Gdansk, S-E Baltic Sea)
Łukawska‐Matuszewska, K. (2016) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2016.10.002 · Cited by 37
Modelling considerations for research on ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)
Fennel, K., Long, M. C., Algar, C., Carter, B., Keller, D., Laurent, A., Mattern, J. P., Musgrave, R., Oschlies, A., Ostiguy, J., et al. (2023) · State of the Planet · doi:10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-9-2023 · Cited by 64
Arctic Coralline Algae Elevate Surface pH and Carbonate in the Dark
Hofmann, L. C., Schoenrock, K. M., & de Beer, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01416 · Cited by 36
“The lower alkalinity at the surface in the dark could be due to nutrient uptake, as the uptake of phosphate and ammonium ions results in a decrease in alkalinity (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
Background
Impact of physical and biological processes on temporal variations of the ocean carbon sink in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (2002–2016)
Macovei, V. A., Hartman, S. E., Schuster, U., Torres‐Valdés, S., Moore, C. M., & SANDERS, R. J. (2019) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102223 · Cited by 35
The role of soils in the regulation of ocean acidification
Renforth, P., & Campbell, J. S. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0174 · Cited by 38
“Some of the dissolved products, namely bicarbonate HCO3 , are transported by rivers to the oceans, increasing its total alkalinity, and counteracting ocean acidification (see below [47]).”
Background
Modelling coral polyp calcification in relation to ocean acidification
Hohn, S., & Merico, A. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-4441-2012 · Cited by 35
Magnesium hydroxide addition reduces aqueous carbon dioxide in wastewater discharged to the ocean
Kitidis, V., Rackley, S. A., Burt, W. J., Rau, G. H., Fawcett, S., Taylor, M., Tarran, G., Woodward, E. M. S., Harris, C., & Fileman, T. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01506-4 · Cited by 35
“While organic alkalinity contributes to TA in the short term, this is likely a transient effect (hours-days) as the remineralisation of organic bases would lead to both CO 2 production and a reduction in TA 21 .”
The Gulf of St. Lawrence Biogeochemical Model: A Modelling Tool for Fisheries and Ocean Management
Lavoie, D., Lambert, N., Starr, M., Chassé, J., Riche, O. G. J., Clainche, Y. L., Azetsu‐Scott, K., Béjaoui, B., Christian, J. R., & Gilbert, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.732269 · Cited by 34
The response of the carbonate system to a green algal bloom during the post-bloom period in the southern Yellow Sea
Hu, Y., Liu, C., Yang, G., & Zhang, H. (2014) · Continental Shelf Research · doi:10.1016/j.csr.2014.12.006 · Cited by 34
The stoichiometry of inorganic carbon and nutrient removal in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent continental shelf
Huang, W., Cai, W., Powell, R. T., Lohrenz, S. E., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., & HOPKINSON, C. S. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-2781-2012 · Cited by 34
“However, TA will increase by one unit for every one unit decrease resulting from the biological drawdown of NO−3 , i.e.1TA = −1NO − 3 (Brewer and Goldman, 1976; Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
Background
Sensors and instruments for oceanic dissolved carbon measurements
Schuster, U., Hannides, A. K., Mintrop, L., & Körtzinger, A. (2009) · Ocean science · doi:10.5194/os-5-547-2009 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Generalised expressions for the response of pH to changes in ocean chemistry
Hagens, M., & Middelburg, J. J. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.012 · Cited by 35
Spatial variability of surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica
Mu, L., Stammerjohn, S. E., Lowry, K. E., & Yager, P. L. (2014) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000036 · Cited by 33
“We allowed nitrate drawdown to contribute to changes in total alkalinity (1:1; Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007) and included phosphate and silicate in our calculations of the carbonate system.”
Method
The impact of Indonesian peatland degradation on downstream marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle
Abrams, J. F., Hohn, S., Rixen, T., Baum, A., & Merico, A. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13108 · Cited by 38
“3h) (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
Evaluating and Refining Alkalinity Calculations Due to Sulfide and Bicarbonate Accessed by Titration in Anaerobic Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactors
de Godoi, L. A. G., dos Santos, C. E. D., Foresti, E., & Damianovic, M. H. R. Z. (2017) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-017-3518-y · Cited by 33
“In fact, for pH values below 5.75, neither bicarbonate alkalinity is present in significant concentrations, since the carbonate/ bicarbonate equilibrium is shifted to the dissolved form of carbon dioxide (carbonic acid—H2CO3) (Wolf-Gladrow et al. 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
A degradable fluorinated surfactant for emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride
Banerjee, S., Schmidt, J., Talmon, Y., Hori, H., Asai, T., & Ameduri, B. M. (2018) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c8cc05290e · Cited by 33
High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral‐ and algae‐dominated reef communities
Roth, F., Rädecker, N., Carvalho, S., Duarte, C. M., Saderne, V., Antón, A., Silva, L., Calleja, M. L., Morán, X. A. G., Voolstra, C. R., et al. (2020) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.3226 · Cited by 37
Particle Triggered Reactions as an Important Mechanism of Alkalinity and Inorganic Carbon Removal in River Plumes
Wurgaft, E., Wang, Z. A., Churchill, J. H., Dellapenna, T. M., Song, S., Du, J., Ringham, M., Rivlin, T., & Lazar, B. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl093178 · Cited by 40
“Nitrification, which removes 2 moles of TA per 1 mole of NH4+ (Soetaert et al., 2007; Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007) without affecting the DIC, was not accounted for in our two-endmember mixing model.”
MethodInfluential
CaCO3 dissolution in carbonate-poor shelf sands increases with ocean acidification and porewater residence time
Lunstrum, A., & Berelson, W. (2022) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.04.031 · Cited by 37
Assessing the physiological responses of the gastropodCrepidula fornicatato predicted ocean acidification and warming
Noisette, F., Bordeyne, F., Davoult, D., & Martin, S. G. (2015) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.10225 · Cited by 36
“As ammonium production increases alkalinity in a mole-per-mole ratio (Wolf-Gladrow et al. 2007), the alkalinity variation was corrected by the ammonium flux to calculate CaCO3 fluxes.”
Magnesite everywhere: Formation of carbonates in the alkaline lakes and playas of the Cariboo Plateau, British Columbia, Canada
Raudsepp, M. J., Wilson, S., Zeyen, N., Arizaleta, M. L., & Power, I. (2024) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.121951 · Cited by 34
Application and assessment of a membrane‐based pCO2 sensor under field and laboratory conditions
Jiang, Z., Hydes, D. J., Hartman, S., Hartman, M. C., Campbell, J., Johnson, B. D., Schofield, B., Turk, D., Wallace, D. W. R., Burt, W. J., et al. (2014) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.4319/lom.2014.12.264 · Cited by 32
“6D) cannot be explained by the changes in inorganic carbon content and nutrients: (1) the small changes in nDIC and nutrients indicate minor TA changes resulted from biological activities, such as precipitation and dissolution of CaCO3 (which changes TA and DIC at a ratio of 2:1) and nutrient uptake and release by alg…”
BackgroundInfluential
pH and biogeochemical processes in the Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea
Ulfsbo, A., Hulth, S., & Anderson, L. G. (2011) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2011.07.004 · Cited by 32
“The normally small contributions (usually b1 μmol/kg) fromhydroxide, phosphate, silicate and other bases often can be ignored in oceanic waters (Dickson, 1981; Anderson et al., 1999; Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007).”
Background

Authors: Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., Zeebe, R. E., Klaas, C., Körtzinger, A., & Dickson, A. G.
Affiliations: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
Corresponding author: Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A.
ORCID: Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A.
Zeebe, Richard E.
Klaas, Christine
Körtzinger, Arne
Dickson, Andrew G.
Venue: Marine Chemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-07
Volume: 106
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 287-300
ISSN: 0304-4203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.006
OpenAlex: W2035240561
Cited by: 780
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 48 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 6.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Marine Chemistry (publishedVersion)
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (acceptedVersion)
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0137287)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, FG02-06ER64077)
European Commission (511176)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Keywords: total alkalinity, carbonate system, dissolved inorganic carbon, charge neutrality, biogeochemical processes, microalgae, organic matter mineralization, calcium carbonate precipitation, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, nutrient uptake, ocean carbon cycle

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Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical processes

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