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Cited by 88Food composition and propertiesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

A whole-grain diet reduces peripheral insulin resistance and improves glucose kinetics in obese adults: A randomized-controlled trial

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Malin, Steven K., Kullman, Emily L., Scelsi, Amanda R., Haus, Jacob M., Filion, Julianne, Pagadala, Mangesh R., Godin, Jean-Philippe, Kochhar, Sunil +2 more·2018·Metabolism
DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.011PMC PMC5930046
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Abstract

Background Whole-grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes but the mechanisms are unclear.Purpose We tested the hypothesis that a WG diet reduces insulin resistance and improves glucose use in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes compared with an isocaloric-matched refined-grain diet.Methods A double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial of 14 moderately obese adults (Age, 38 ± 2 y; BMI, 34.0 ± 1.1 kg/m 2). Insulin resistance and glucose metabolism was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test combined with isotopic tracers of [6,6-2 H 2]-glucose and [U-13 C]-glucose, and indirect calorimetry. Peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance was assessed as 1/(rate of disposal/insulin), and endogenous glucose rates of appearance (R a) iAUC 60-240 × insulin iAUC 60-240, respectively. Both diets met ADA nutritional guidelines and contained either whole-grain (50 g per 1000 kcal) or equivalent refined-grain. All food was provided for 8 wk. with an 8-10 wk. washout period between diets.Results Post-prandial glucose tolerance, peripheral insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility (insulin-stimulated - fasting carbohydrate oxidation) improvements were greater after whole-grain compared to the refined-grain diet (P < 0.05). Compared to baseline, body fat (~2 kg) and hepatic R a insulin resistance was reduced by both diets, while fasting glucose and exogenous glucose-meal were unchanged after both interventions. Changes in peripheral insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility correlated with improved glucose tolerance (P < 0.05).Conclusion Whole-grains reduced diabetes risk and the mechanisms appear to work through reduced post-prandial blood glucose and peripheral insulin resistance that were statistically linked to enhanced metabolic flexibility.

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  • Whole grains decrease inflammatory biomarkers and influence postprandial glucose metabolism, which could affect insulin sensitivity.

    “whole grains decrease inflammatory biomarkers [48] and influence the postprandial glucose metabolism [49,50,51], which could affect insulin sensitivity.”

    From The Effect of Anxiety and Nutritional Habits on the Body Distortion of Athletes. (2025) · cites this paper as [51]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [1]Ye EQ Chacko SA Chou EL Kugizaki M Liu S Greater whole-grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weight gain J Nutr 2012 142 7 1304 13 22649266 PMC6498460

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Authors
Malin, S. K., Kullman, E. L., Scelsi, A. R., Haus, J. M., Filion, J., Pagadala, M. R., Godin, J.-P., Kochhar, S., Ross, A. B., & Kirwan, J. P.
Affiliations
  • Cleveland Clinic (US)
  • Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
Corresponding author
Kirwan, John P.
ORCID
Venue
Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-05
Volume
82
Pages
111-117
ISSN
0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.011
PMC
PMC5930046
OpenAlex
W2781991653
Cited by
82
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7
FWCI
7.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • NIH (T32 DK007319)
  • NIH Research Resources (UL1RR024989)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords
whole grain diet, refined grains, insulin resistance, glucose kinetics, type 2 diabetes risk, obesity, metabolic flexibility, hepatic insulin resistance, postprandial blood glucose, glucose oxidation, glucose appearance rate, isocaloric diet
MeSH terms
Whole Grains, Adult, Blood Glucose, Dietary Fiber, Double-Blind Method, Female, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies

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