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A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on
Open accessAbstract
The WHO just released in May 2022 a report on the state of the obesity pandemic in Europe, stating that 60% of citizens in the area of Europe are either overweight or obese, and highlighting the implications of the obesity pandemic, especially as it interacts with the COVID pandemic to create a twin pandemic, to increase morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a complex disease which has reached pandemic dimensions. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled since 1975, mainly due to the adoption of a progressively more sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of less healthy diets. We first report herein updated prevalence rates of overweight and obesity by sex, age, and region first in Europe, per the WHO report, and then worldwide between 1980 and 2019, as we analyze and present herein the data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study. The prevalence of obesity is higher in women than in men of any age and the prevalence of both overweight and obesity increases with age and has reached their highest point between the ages of 50 to 65 years showing a slight downward trend afterwards. The age-standardized prevalence of obesity has increased from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019. The American and European region have the highest obesity prevalence and the USA and Russia are the countries with the most obese residents. Given dire implications in terms of comorbidities and mortality, these updated epidemiological findings call for coordinated actions from local and regional governments, the scientific community and individual patients alike, as well as the food industry for the obesity pandemic to be controlled and alleviated. We can hopefully learn from the COVID-19 pandemic, where collaborative efforts worldwide, focused intense work at both the local and global level and well-coordinated leadership have demonstrated that humankind is capable of amazing accomplishments by leveraging science and public health, and that we can finally make strides in terms of understanding and combating the obesity pandemic and its dire comorbidities including diabetes, NAFLD, CVD and obesity associated malignancies.
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“Obesity rates are rising globally, with the age-standardized prevalence increasing from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019 [1].”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
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Common Applications of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa) Oil in Folk Medicine
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Examining Associations Between Women’s Mental Health and Obesity
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“Obesity is a prevalent health issue that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide [5].”
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Metabolic Health, Overweight or Obesity, and Depressive Symptoms among Older Australian Adults
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“The escalating global prevalence of obesity, characterized by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher, has become a major public health concern worldwide [1–3].”
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Mihov, Y., Meyer, A. H., Kakebeeke, T. H., Stülb, K., Arhab, A., Zysset, A. E., Leeger‐Aschmann, C. S., Schmutz, E. A., Kriemler, S., Jenni, O. G., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1292939 · Cited by 6
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“Additionally, there has been a noticeable and steady rise in the prevalence of obesity worldwide over the past 30 years [6, 7].”
BackgroundPrevalence of Obesity among Polish Primary Care Population Considered Healthy
Babicki, M., Kłoda, K., Ledwoch, J., Malchrzak, W., Janiak, S., Krzyżanowski, F., Zieliński, T., Grabska, P., Gajowiak, D., Pokorna-Kałwak, D., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16172973 · Cited by 6
“Contrary to our findings, most studies showed a higher prevalence of obesity in females [24,26,27].”
ResultNormative high resolution esophageal manometry values in asymptomatic patients with obesity
Le, K. H. N., Low, E. E., Sharma, P., Greytak, M., & Yadlapati, R. H. (2024) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14914 · Cited by 5
Advancements in Understanding and Preventing Obesity-Related Colon Cancer
Shieh, C., Thompson, H. J., McLaughlin, E. M., Chiang, C., & Hussan, H. (2024) · The Cancer Journal · doi:10.1097/ppo.0000000000000744 · Cited by 5
Ndakotsu, A. K., Dwumah-Agyen, M., & Patel, M. A. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102873 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Boutari, C., & Mantzoros, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mantzoros, Christos S.
- Venue
- Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-08
- Volume
- 133
- Pages
- 155217
- ISSN
- 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9107388
- OpenAlex
- W4280507423
- Cited by
- 1,068
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 176 · 2025: 331 · 2024: 344 · 2023: 188 · 2022: 27
- FWCI
- 196.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- obesity, overweight, obesity prevalence, obesity epidemiology, obesity epidemic, COVID-19 pandemic, sex differences in obesity, age-standardized prevalence, Global Burden of Disease Study, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, obesity-related comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity prevention policy
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Overweight, Pandemics
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