Assessment of world lithium resources and consequences of their geographic distribution on the expected development of the electric vehicle industry
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Lithium is a key ingredient in lithium-ion batteries used to power electric vehicles, energy grid storage, and portable electronic devices, and it also has direct uses in ceramics, glass, and other products.
“lithium is a key ingredient in lithium-ion batteries used to power electric vehicles (EVs), energy grid storage, and portable electronic devices, in addition to its direct uses in ceramics, glass, and other products”
From Lithium and water: Hydrosocial impacts across the life cycle of energy storage (2024) · cites this paper as Grosjean et al., 2012
More than half of the world's Li reserves are found in the ABC Triangle (Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile).
“More than half of the world ' s Li reserves are found in the ' ABC Triangle, ' a phrase coined for the South American countries of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile (Grosjean et al., 2012).”
From A review of technologies for direct lithium extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions (2022) · cites this paper as Grosjean et al., 2012
The traditional sulfuric acid method for extracting Li from spodumene ores has a percent yield between 85% and 90% and a percent recovery of 60%-70%.
“The traditional sulfuric acid method for extracting Li from spodumene ores has a percent yield between 85% and 90% and a percent recovery of 60% -70% (Ellestad and Leute, 1950; Grosjean et al., 2012; Dessemond et al., 2019).”
From A review of technologies for direct lithium extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions (2022) · cites this paper as Grosjean et al., 2012
The pegmatite formations spodumene is contained in are challenging to mine given their hardness and occurrence in difficult-to-reach belt deposits.
“However, the pegmatite formations spodumene is contained in are challenging to mine given their hardness and occurrence in dif fi cult-to-reach belt deposits (Grosjean et al., 2012; Kesler et al., 2012).”
From A review of technologies for direct lithium extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions (2022) · cites this paper as Grosjean et al., 2012
These machines, the dust produced from excavation, and the concentrated chemicals used for processing cause environmental damage and pose health and safety risks.
“Ultimately, these machines, the dust produced from excavation, and the concentrated chemicals used for processing cause environmental damage and pose health and safety risks (Aral and Vecchio-Sadus, 2008; Grosjean et al., 2012).”
From A review of technologies for direct lithium extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions (2022) · cites this paper as Grosjean et al., 2012
Recent advancements in lithium-ion battery production have significantly increased lithium demand, with 87% of global end-use production allocated to batteries.
“Recent advancements in lithium-ion battery (LIB) production have significantly increased lithium demand, with 87% of the global end-use production being allocated to batteries [7,8].”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Worldwide lithium brines are mostly concentrated in a small region of South America known as the Lithium Triangle.
“worldwide lithium brines are mostly concentrated in a small region of South America (Grosjean et al., 2012), often referred to as the Lithium Triangle”
From Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a potential environmental impact in its mining and processing (2018) · cites this paper as Grosjean et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Grosjean, C., Miranda, P. H., Perrin, M., & Poggi, P.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de l'Énergie Solaire (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Grosjean, Camille
- Venue
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1735-1744
- ISSN
- 1364-0321 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993910016
- Cited by
- 847
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 26.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Mining and Resource Management
- Keywords
- lithium resources, lithium deposits, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, lithium prices, lithium industry, lithium market, resource availability
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