Tailoring mRNA Vaccine to Balance Innate/Adaptive Immune Response

mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology

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Suppression of RNA Recognition by Toll-like Receptors: The Impact of Nucleoside Modification and the Evolutionary Origin of RNA

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Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer

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mRNA-based therapeutics--developing a new class of drugs

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5'-Triphosphate RNA Is the Ligand for RIG-I

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Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability

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Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy

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Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid–inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5

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Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery

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mRNA capping: biological functions and applications

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Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines

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Modified mRNA vaccines protect against zika virus infection

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Generating the optimal mRNA for therapy: HPLC purification eliminates immune activation and improves translation of nucleoside-modified, protein-encoding mRNA

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Zika virus protection by a single low-dose nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination

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Acetylation of Cytidine in mRNA Promotes Translation Efficiency

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Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay

Hanson, G., & Coller, J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.91 · Cited by 825

Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations for mRNA Delivery in Vivo with Fractional Factorial and Definitive Screening Designs

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Activation of innate immune antiviral responses by Nod2

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Preclinical and clinical demonstration of immunogenicity by mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses

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Modification of antigen-encoding RNA increases stability, translational efficacy, and T-cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells

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A facile method for the removal of dsRNA contaminant from in vitro-transcribed mRNA

Baiersdörfer, M., Boros, G., Muramatsu, H., Mahiny, A., Vlatkovic, I., Sahin, U., & Karikó, K. (2019) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.018 · Cited by 569

Safety and immunogenicity of a mRNA rabies vaccine in healthy adults: an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial

Alberer, M., Gnad-Vogt, U., Hong, H. S., Mehr, K. T., Backert, L., Finak, G., Gottardo, R., Bica, M. A., Garofano, A., Koch, S. D., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31665-3 · Cited by 530

Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses

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mRNA as a Transformative Technology for Vaccine Development to Control Infectious Diseases

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Mettl3-mediated mRNA m6A methylation promotes dendritic cell activation

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Dynamics of Translation of Single mRNA Molecules In Vivo

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RNA Circularization Diminishes Immunogenicity and Can Extend Translation Duration In Vivo

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Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview

Riera‐Romo, M., Pérez‐Martínez, D., & Ferrer, C. C. (2016) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12597 · Cited by 480

mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses of pandemic potential are immunogenic and well tolerated in healthy adults in phase 1 randomized clinical trials

Feldman, R. A., Fuhr, R., Smolenov, I., (Mick) Ribeiro, A., Panther, L., Watson, M., Senn, J. J., Smith, M., Almarsson, Ӧ., Pujar, H. S., et al. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.074 · Cited by 454

A Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies

Liu, M. A. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7020037 · Cited by 442

Human 5′ UTR design and variant effect prediction from a massively parallel translation assay

Sample, P. J., Wang, B., Reid, D. W., Presnyak, V., McFadyen, I. J., Morris, D. R., & Seelig, G. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0164-5 · Cited by 442

Ten Strategies of Interferon Evasion by Viruses

García‐Sastre, A. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.012 · Cited by 417

Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose

Chahal, J. S., Khan, O. F., Cooper, C. L., McPartlan, J. S., Tsosie, J. K., Tilley, L. D., Sidik, S. M., Lourido, S., Langer, R., Bavari, S., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1600299113 · Cited by 414

Efficient Targeting and Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells In Vivo after Modified mRNA Vaccine Administration in Rhesus Macaques

Liang, F., Lindgren, G., Lin, A., Thompson, E. A., Ols, S., Röhss, J., John, S., Hassett, K., Yuzhakov, O., Bahl, K., et al. (2017) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.006 · Cited by 395

Improving mRNA-Based Therapeutic Gene Delivery by Expression-Augmenting 3′ UTRs Identified by Cellular Library Screening

Orlandini von Niessen, A. G., Poleganov, M. A., Rechner, C., Plaschke, A., Kranz, L. M., Fesser, S., Diken, M., Löwer, M., Vallazza, B., Beissert, T., et al. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.12.011 · Cited by 365

IFN-α Directly Promotes Programmed Cell Death-1 Transcription and Limits the Duration of T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Terawaki, S., Chikuma, S., Shibayama, S., Hayashi, T., Yoshida, T., Okazaki, T., & Honjo, T. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003208 · Cited by 362

A critical analysis of codon optimization in human therapeutics

Mauro, V. P., & Chappell, S. A. (2014) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.003 · Cited by 343

Durable anticancer immunity from intratumoral administration of IL-23, IL-36γ, and OX40L mRNAs

Hewitt, S. L., Bai, A., Bailey, D., Ichikawa, K., Zielinski, J., Karp, R., Apte, A., Arnold, K., Zacharek, S. J., Iliou, M. S., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aat9143 · Cited by 316

Branched‐Tail Lipid Nanoparticles Potently Deliver mRNA In Vivo due to Enhanced Ionization at Endosomal pH

Hajj, K. A., Ball, R. L., Deluty, S. B., Singh, S. R., Strelkova, D., Knapp, C. M., & Whitehead, K. A. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201805097 · Cited by 312

The DEAD-Box Protein Dhh1p Couples mRNA Decay and Translation by Monitoring Codon Optimality

Radhakrishnan, A., Chen, Y.-H., Martin, S., Alhusaini, N., Green, R., & Coller, J. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.053 · Cited by 297

Short poly(A) tails are a conserved feature of highly expressed genes

Lima, S. A., Chipman, L. B., Nicholson, A. L., Chen, Y.-H., Yee, B. A., Yeo, G. W.-M., Coller, J., & Pasquinelli, A. E. (2017) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.3499 · Cited by 292

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ionizable Lipid Materials for the In Vivo Delivery of Messenger RNA to B Lymphocytes

Fenton, O. S., Kauffman, K. J., Kaczmarek, J. C., McClellan, R. L., Jhunjhunwala, S., Tibbitt, M. W., Zeng, M. D., Appel, E. A., Dorkin, J. R., Mir, F. F., et al. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201606944 · Cited by 289

Silent Substitutions Predictably Alter Translation Elongation Rates and Protein Folding Efficiencies

Spencer, P. S., Siller, E., Anderson, J. F., & Barral, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.010 · Cited by 278

Uridine Depletion and Chemical Modification Increase Cas9 mRNA Activity and Reduce Immunogenicity without HPLC Purification

Vaidyanathan, S., Azizian, K. T., Haque, A. K. M. A., Henderson, J. M., Hendel, A., Shore, S., Antony, J. S., Hogrefe, R. I., Kormann, M. S. D., Porteus, M. H., et al. (2018) · Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.010 · Cited by 262

Type I IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines

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RNAs containing modified nucleotides fail to trigger RIG-I conformational changes for innate immune signaling

Durbin, A. F., Wang, C., Marcotrigiano, J., & Gehrke, L. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00833-16 · Cited by 238

mRNA transcript therapy

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Rapidly produced SAM ® vaccine against H7N9 influenza is immunogenic in mice

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A novel, disruptive vaccination technology: Self-adjuvanted RNActive ® vaccines

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Direct Type I IFN but Not MDA5/TLR3 Activation of Dendritic Cells Is Required for Maturation and Metabolic Shift to Glycolysis after Poly IC Stimulation

Pantel, A. R., Teixeira, A., Haddad, E. K., Wood, E. G., Steinman, R. M., & Longhi, M. P. (2014) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001759 · Cited by 219

Visualization of early events in mRNA vaccine delivery in non-human primates via PET–CT and near-infrared imaging

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An origin of the immunogenicity of in vitro transcribed RNA

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FTSJ3 is an RNA 2′-O-methyltransferase recruited by HIV to avoid innate immune sensing

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Emerging Technologies for Low‐Cost, Rapid Vaccine Manufacture

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Inhibition of translation by IFIT family members is determined by their ability to interact selectively with the 5′-terminal regions of cap0-, cap1- and 5’ppp- mRNAs

Kumar, P., Sweeney, T. R., Skabkin, M. A., Skabkina, O. V., Hellen, C. U. T., & Pestova, T. V. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1321 · Cited by 210

Correlates of protection to influenza virus, where do we go from here?

Cox, R. J. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.22908 · Cited by 209

Poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptide potentiate mRNA-based vaccine expression in dendritic cells triggering their activation

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Translation elongation can control translation initiation on eukaryotic mRNAs

Chu, D., Kazana, E., Bellanger, N., Singh, T., Tuite, M. F., & von der Haar, T. (2013) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/embj.201385651 · Cited by 195

Self-replicating Semliki Forest virus RNA as recombinant vaccine

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Adjuvant effects of a sequence-engineered mRNA vaccine: translational profiling demonstrates similar human and murine innate response

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HPLC purification of in vitro transcribed long RNA

Weissman, D., Pardi, N., Muramatsu, H., & Karikó, K. (2013) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-260-5_3 · Cited by 180

Codon and Codon-Pair Usage Tables (CoCoPUTs): Facilitating Genetic Variation Analyses and Recombinant Gene Design

Alexaki, A., Kames, J. M., Holcomb, D. D., Athey, J. C., Santana-Quintero, L. V., Lam, P. V., Hamasaki‐Katagiri, N., Osipova, E., Simonyan, V. V., Bar, H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.021 · Cited by 180

The regulatory domain of the RIG-I family ATPase LGP2 senses double-stranded RNA

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MicroRNAs Enable mRNA Therapeutics to Selectively Program Cancer Cells to Self-Destruct

Jain, R., Frederick, J. P., Huang, E. Y., Burke, K. E., Mauger, D. M., Andrianova, E. A., Farlow, S. J., Siddiqui, S., Pimentel, J., Cheung-Ong, K., et al. (2018) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2018.0734 · Cited by 164

The DEAD-Box Protein Dhh1 Promotes Decapping by Slowing Ribosome Movement

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Delivering the right message: Challenges and opportunities in lipid nanoparticles-mediated modified mRNA therapeutics—An innate immune system standpoint

Granot-Matok, Y., & Peer, D. (2017) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.015 · Cited by 160

Co-delivery of nucleoside-modified mRNA and TLR agonists for cancer immunotherapy: restoring the immunogenicity of immunosilent mRNA

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Codon Optimization in the Production of Recombinant Biotherapeutics: Potential Risks and Considerations

Mauro, V. P. (2018) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-018-0261-x · Cited by 129

Local Delivery of Ox40l , Cd80 , and Cd86 mRNA Kindles Global Anticancer Immunity

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mRNA therapeutics deliver a hopeful message

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RNA Modifications Modulate Activation of Innate Toll-Like Receptors

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Type I interferons interfere with the capacity of mRNA lipoplex vaccines to elicit cytolytic T cell responses

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Particle-mediated intravenous delivery of antigen mRNA results in strong antigen-specific T-cell responses despite the induction of type I interferon

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Evading innate immunity in nonviral mRNA delivery: don't shoot the messenger.

Devoldere, J., Dewitte, H., De Smedt, S. C., & Remaut, K. (2016) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.009 · Cited by 112

Type I Interferons Modulate CD8 + T Cell Immunity to mRNA Vaccines

Beuckelaer, A. D., Grooten, J., & Koker, S. D. (2017) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.006 · Cited by 110

pEVL: A Linear Plasmid for Generating mRNA IVT Templates With Extended Encoded Poly(A) Sequences

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Type I Interferon Upregulates Bak and Contributes to T Cell Loss during Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

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Codon optimizer: a freeware tool for codon optimization

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mRNA secondary structure optimization using a correlated stem–loop prediction

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Codon usage optimization in pluripotent embryonic stem cells

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Design, Assembly, Production, and Transfection of Synthetic Modified mRNA

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Strategies of codon optimization for high-level heterologous protein expression in microbial expression systems

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Self-replicating RNA vaccine functionality modulated by fine-tuning of polyplex delivery vehicle structure

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Designing immunostimulatory double stranded messenger RNA with maintained translational activity through hybridization with poly A sequences for effective vaccination

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mRNA Cancer Vaccines—Messages that Prevail

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Immunogenicity Testing of Lipidoids In Vitro and In Silico: Modulating Lipidoid-Mediated TLR4 Activation by Nanoparticle Design

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Activation of Oas1a gene expression by type I IFN requires both STAT1 and STAT2 while only STAT2 is required for Oas1b activation

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