Cited by 112RNA Interference and Gene DeliveryImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune Response and Inflammation

Evading innate immunity in nonviral mRNA delivery: don't shoot the messenger.

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Devoldere, Joke, Dewitte, Heleen, De Smedt, Stefaan C., Remaut, Katrien·2016·Drug Discovery Today

Abstract

In the field of nonviral gene therapy, in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has emerged as a promising tool for the delivery of genetic information. Over the past few years it has become widely known that the introduction of IVT mRNA into mammalian cells elicits an innate immune response that has favored mRNA use toward immunotherapeutic vaccination strategies. However, for non-immunotherapy-related applications this intrinsic immune-stimulatory activity directly interferes with the aimed therapeutic outcome, because it can seriously compromise the expression of the desired protein. This review presents an overview of the immune-related obstacles that limit mRNA advance for non-immunotherapy-related applications.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.009

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  • Antigen non-specific stimulation of type I interferon pathways has been demonstrated with other mRNA formulations in animal models.

    “however, antigen non-specific stimulation of type I interferon pathways has been demonstrated with other formulations of mRNA in animal models78,79.”
  • Uridine-containing mRNA stimulates the innate immune response and has an established adjuvant function when used as a vaccine.

    “Uridine-containing mRNA stimulates the innate immune response and has an established adjuvant function when used as a vaccine.34,35”

    From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [34]

  • The limitations of unmodified mRNA vaccines are based on intrinsic immunogenicity of unmodified mRNA due to intracellular detection and type I interferon production, which inhibits translation, reduces CD8+ T cell activation, and inhibits T helper cell generation.

    “These limitations are based on the intrinsic immunogenicity of unmodified mRNA due to intracellular detection131,132 and type I interferon (IFN) production,34 which in turn is responsible for the inhibition of translation, the reduction of CD8+ T cell activation, and the inhibition of T helper cell generation.”

    From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [34]

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Authors
Devoldere, J., Dewitte, H., De Smedt, S. C., & Remaut, K.
Affiliations
Ghent University (BE)
Corresponding author
Remaut, Katrien
Venue
Drug Discovery Today
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-01
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
11-25
ISSN
1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1529085705
Cited by
112
References
150
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
FWCI
0.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • European Molecular Biology Laboratory
  • Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • Universiteit Gent
  • Vlaamse regering
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
in vitro transcribed mRNA, innate immunity, immune evasion, non-viral gene therapy, mRNA expression
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunotherapy, RNA, Messenger, Genetic Therapy

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