Stress, appraisal, and coping in child sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review.
Abstract
A review of theories to predict the mental health effects of child sexual abuse suggests that existing models have not adequately defined stress and coping constructs and have not specified how those variables might interact with other environmental factors. This article outlines a transactional model that conceptualizes sexual abuse as a stressor consisting of a series of abuse events, abuse-related events, and disclosure-related events that each tend to increase risk for maladaptive outcomes. The model also proposes that cognitive appraisals and coping responses mediate the effects of these events, that developmental and environmental factors may moderate relationships between sexual abuse stressors and victim responses, and that victims' initial responses may effect subsequent levels of abuse-related stress. Empirical studies relevant to the major components of this model are reviewed, and the implications of these findings for future research are considered.
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The more a child's resources are affected by CSA, the more post-traumatic symptoms the child is expected to show.
“The more a child's resources are affected by the CSA, the more one can expect the child will show post-traumatic symptoms.”
From Mindfulness as Mediator and Moderator of Post-traumatic Symptomatology in Adolescence Following Childhood Sexual Abuse or Assault (2016) · cites this paper as Spaccarelli 1994
Spaccarelli (1994) argued that CSA will limit children's resources, which in turn will entail elevated symptoms.
“In one of the first proposals to this effect, Spaccarelli (1994) has argued that CSA will limit children's resources, which in turn will entail elevated symptoms.”
From Mindfulness as Mediator and Moderator of Post-traumatic Symptomatology in Adolescence Following Childhood Sexual Abuse or Assault (2016) · cites this paper as Spaccarelli 1994
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- Authors
- Spaccarelli, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spaccarelli, Steve
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1994-09
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 340-362
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W1972094930
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, stress, cognitive appraisal, coping, transactional model, disclosure, mental health, developmental factors, environmental factors
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological
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