The neurobiology and neuroendocrinology of stress
Abstract
Stress is a condition of the mind and a factor in the expression of disease that differs among individuals. In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic events can create a long-lasting state of physiologic reactivity that amplifies and exacerbates the effects of daily life events. The elevated activities of physiologic systems lead to wear and tear, called "allostatic load." It reflects not only the impact of life experiences but also of genes, individual life-style habits (e.g., diet, exercise, and substance abuse), and developmental experiences that set life-long patterns of behavior and physiologic reactivity. Hormones associated with stress and allostatic load protect the body in the short run and promote adaptation, but in the long run allostatic load causes changes in the body that lead to disease.
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MBE efficacy may involve down-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone concentration.
“The possible psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of MBE may include the down-regulation of inflammatory markers [179]; corticotropin-releasing hormone concentration [180]; the up-regulation of cortisol level [181]; and desensitization to inner arousal [182].”
From Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [180]
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- Authors
- McEwen, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McEwen, Bruce S
- ORCID
- McEwen, Bruce S
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 469-494
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165374000
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- stress, neurobiology of stress, neuroendocrinology, post-traumatic stress disorder, allostatic load, stress hormones, physiological reactivity, individual differences, disease susceptibility, developmental experiences, lifestyle factors
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Brain, Hippocampus, Homeostasis, Humans, Neurosecretory Systems, Stress, Physiological, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Neurotransmitter Agents, Models, Animal
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