Cited by 138Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsTea Polyphenols and EffectsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

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Protective effect of the green tea component, l-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death

Cho, Hong-Suk, Kim, Seung, Lee, Sook-Young, Park, Jeong Ae, Kim, Sung-Jun, Chun, Hong Sung·2008·NeuroToxicology

DOI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.03.004

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Abstract

Several environmental neurotoxins and oxidative stress inducers are known to damage the nervous system and are considered major factors associated with the selective vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Gamma-glutamylethylamide (L-theanine), a natural glutamate analog in green tea, has been shown to exert strong anti-ischemic effect. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of L-theanine on neurotoxicity induced by PD-related neurotoxicants, rotenone and dieldrin in cultured human dopaminergic cell line, SH-SY5Y. Our initial experiments revealed that L-theanine (500 microM) attenuated both rotenone- and dieldrin-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptotic death in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, L-theanine partially prevented both rotenone- and dieldrin-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulation. Both rotenone- and dieldrin-induced down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was significantly blocked by pretreatment with L-theanine. Furthermore, pretreatment with L-theanine significantly attenuated the down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) production in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that L-theanine directly provide neuroprotection against PD-related neurotoxicants and may be clinically useful for preventing PD symptoms.

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Background
Preventive effect of theanine intake on stress-induced impairments of hippocamapal long-term potentiation and recognition memory
Tamano, H., Fukura, K., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Yokogoshi, H., & Takeda, A. (2013) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.02.005 · Cited by 33
Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cortisol to sulfate of dehydroepiandrosterone molar ratio associated with clinical response to L-theanine as augmentation of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients
Miodownik, C., Maayan, R., Ratner, Y., Lerner, V., Pintov, L., Mar, M., Weizman, A., & Ritsner, M. S. (2011) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e318220d8c6 · Cited by 31
“Furthermore, pretreatment with L-theanine significantly attenuated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).(10) L-Theanine lowers cortisol production and therefore also carbohydrate cravings by promoting relaxation and reducing stress levels.”
l-Theanine protects against excess dopamine-induced neurotoxicity in the presence of astrocytes
Takeshima, M., Miyazaki, I., Murakami, S., Kita, T., & Asanuma, M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.16-15 · Cited by 31
L-Theanine Protects H9C2 Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis by Enhancing Antioxidant Capability
Li, C., Yan, Q., Tang, S., Xiao, W., & Tan, Z. (2018) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.907660 · Cited by 32
“This result largely agrees with the previous studies [16,23,31,33] mentioned above, suggesting that L-theanine pretreatment protects H9C2 cells from H2O2induced apoptosis.”
BackgroundResult
l-Theanine promotes cultured human Sertoli cells proliferation and modulates glucose metabolism
Dias, T. R., Bernardino, R. L., Alves, M. G., Silva, J., Barros, A., Sousa, M., Casal, S. I. P., Silva, B. M., & Oliveira, P. F. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-01999-2 · Cited by 29
Pioglitazone Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress, Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss and Neurobehavioral Impairment by Activating Nrf2/ARE/HO-1
Zakaria, A., Rady, M., Mahran, L., & Abou‐Aisha, K. (2019) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-019-02907-0 · Cited by 29
Theanine attenuates hippocampus damage of rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting HO-1 expression and activating ERK1/2 pathway
Zhao, J., Zhao, X., Tian, J., Xue, R., Luo, B., Lv, J., Gao, J., & Wang, M. (2019) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117160 · Cited by 28
Protective effect of plant compounds in pesticides toxicity
Jabłońska‐Trypuć, A., & Wiater, J. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40201-022-00823-0 · Cited by 30
Comparison of Azorean tea theanine to teas from other origins by HPLC/DAD/FD. Effect of fermentation, drying temperature, drying time and shoot maturity
Baptista, J., Lima, E., Paiva, L. S., Andrade, A. L., & Alves, M. G. (2011) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.050 · Cited by 28
Inhibition by microbial metabolites of Chinese dark tea of age-related neurodegenerative disorders in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice
Cai, S., Heng, Y., Wen, B., Zhu, K., Zheng, X., Huang, J., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., & Tu, P. (2018) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo01512k · Cited by 28
Natural antioxidants in the management of Parkinson’s disease: Review of evidence from cell line and animal models
Abdul-Latif, R., Stupans, I., Allahham, A., Adhikari, B., & Thrimawithana, T. R. (2021) · Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.joim.2021.03.007 · Cited by 30
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Precedes Other Sub-Cellular Abnormalities in an In Vitro Model Linked with Cell Death in Parkinson’s Disease
Yong-Kee, C. J., Sidorova, E. S., Hanif, A., Perera, G., & Nash, J. E. (2011) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9259-6 · Cited by 27
“2007; Cho et al. 2008; Koch et al. 2009; Sapkota et al. 2011), approximate Neurotox Res (2012) 21:185–194 187”
Method
Beneficial synergistic effects of concurrent treatment with theanine and caffeine against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Sun, L., Xia, T., Gou, L., Ling, X., Wang, L., Feng, Y., Yin, X., & Liu, Y. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2012-0309 · Cited by 27
Unique induction of CA1 LTP components after intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea leaves and its effect on stress response
Takeda, A., Tamano, H., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Oku, N., & Yokogoshi, H. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-011-9732-z · Cited by 25
Effect of Sunlight Exposure and Different Withering Durations on Theanine Levels in Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Too, J., Kinyanjui, T. K., Wanyoko, J. K., & Wachira, F. N. (2015) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2015.611105 · Cited by 26
“Moreover, it has been reported to have physiological activities including neuroprotection and anti-obesity [27]-[29].”
Background
Effect of Treatment with Cyanidin-3-O- β -D-Glucoside on Rat Ischemic/Reperfusion Brain Damage
Giacomo, C. D., Acquaviva, R., Santangelo, R., Sorrenti, V., Vanella, L., Volti, G. L., D’Orazio, N., Vanella, A., & Galvano, F. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/285750 · Cited by 25
Reactions of green and black teas with Cu( ii )
Goodman, B. A., Severino, J. F., & Pirker, K. F. (2011) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c1fo10086f · Cited by 24
Assessment of Bio-Compounds Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata rubra) Processed by Convective Drying at Different Temperatures
Vega‐Gálvez, A., Gómez‐Pérez, L. S., Zepeda, F., Vidal, R. L., Grünenwald, F., Mejías, N., Pastén, A., Araya, M., & Ah‐Hen, K. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12091789 · Cited by 23
“Similarly, Cho et al. [16], using SH-SY5Y cells, investigated the effect of green tea extract on the pathogenesis of PD and reported positive effects on cell viability.”
Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates chronic fatigue syndrome in mice: Behavioral and biochemical evidence
Sachdeva, A. K., Kuhad, A., Tiwari, V., & Chopra, K. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.07.020 · Cited by 24
“[8] ChoHS, KimS, Lee SY, Park JA, KimSJ, ChunHS.”
Background
Green Tea Extract-Patents and Diversity of Uses
Saito, S. T., Gosmann, G., Pungartnik, C., & Brendel, M. (2009) · Recent Patents on Food Nutrition & Agriculture · doi:10.2174/2212798410901030203 · Cited by 24
“One recent study demonstrates that L-theanine protects human DA cells against rotenone- or dieldrin-induced cytotoxicity and suggests that L-theanine directly provides neuro-protection against PD-related neuro-toxins and may be clinically useful in preventing PD symptoms [96].”
Background
Theanine attenuates memory impairments induced by klotho gene depletion in mice
Nguyen, B. T., Sharma, N., Shin, E.-J., Jeong, J. H., Lee, S. H., Jang, C.-G., Nah, S.-Y., Nabeshima, T., Yoneda, Y., & Kim, H.-C. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo01577e · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Can Tea Consumption be a Safe and Effective Therapy Against Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Neurodegeneration?
Nunes, A. R., Alves, M., Moreira, P., Oliveira, P., & Silva, B. (2014) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x13666141204220539 · Cited by 20
“However, its pharmacology is relatively unknown and human studies are inconclusive [106, 107].”
Background
A Detoxified Extract ofRhus vernicifluaStokes Upregulated the Expression of BDNF and GDNF in the Rat Brain and the Human Dopaminergic Cell Line SH-SY5Y
Sapkota, K., Kim, S., Kim, M.-K., & Sung-Jun, K. I. M. (2010) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.100165 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Dietary and botanical anxiolytics
Alramadhan, E., Hanna, M. S., Hanna, M. S., Goldstein, T. G., Avila, S. M., & Weeks, B. S. (2012) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.882608 · Cited by 23
“Theanine crosses the blood-brain barrier and increased the production of both GABA and dopamine [114,115].”
Background
Synergistic effects of epigallocatechin gallate and l-theanine in nerve repair and regeneration by anti-amyloid damage, promoting metabolism, and nourishing nerve cells
Xie, X., Wan, J., Zheng, X., Pan, W., Yuan, J., Hu, B., Feng, M., Liu, Z., & Cai, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.951415 · Cited by 21
The application of human-derived cell lines in neurotoxicity studies of environmental pollutants
Li, M.-R., Men, S., Wang, Z., Liu, C., Zhou, G.-R., & Yan, Z. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168839 · Cited by 19
Impact of instantaneous controlled pressure drop on microstructural modification of green tea and its infusion quality
Wang, Y., Xu, P., Feng, L., Yang, X., & Qian, L. (2011) · Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0466-1 · Cited by 19
“Tea polyphenols and theanine, an amino acid especially found in tea with a content of more than the half amount of the total free amino acids, have attracted great interest for their role in the health function that tea plays (Almajano et al 2008; Kimura et al 2007; Hong-Suk et al 2008).”
Background
Neurochemical and behavioral effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis): a model study.
Mirza, B., Ikram, H., Bilgrami, S., Haleem, D. J., & Haleem, M. A. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Neuroprotective effect of L-theanine on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through anti-oxidative mechanisms in SK-N-SH and SK-N-MC cells
Jo, M.-R., Park, M.-H., Choi, D.-Y., Yuk, D.-Y., Lee, Y.-M., Lee, J.-M., Jeong, J.-H., Oh, K.-W., Lee, M.-S., Han, S.-B., et al. (2011) · Biomolecules and Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.3.288 · Cited by 18
“rotenone- and dieldrin-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation and (ERK1/2) in SH-SY5Y cells (Cho et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Advantageous effect of theanine intake on cognition
Tamano, H., Fukura, K., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Yokogoshi, H., & Takeda, A. (2014) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830513y.0000000094 · Cited by 19
Therapeutic Role of l-Theanine in Mitigating Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropathology in Scopolamine-Treated Mice
Elbaz, E. M., Ibrahim, S. M., Rashad, E., Yasin, N. A. E., Ghaiad, H. R., & Mehana, N. A. (2025) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00351 · Cited by 21
The Involvement of L-Type Amino Acid Transporters in Theanine Transport
Yamamoto, S., Kimura, T., Tachiki, T., Anzai, N., Sakurai, T., & Ushimaru, M. (2012) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.120519 · Cited by 17
Intestinal transport of pure theanine and theanine in green tea extract: Green tea components inhibit theanine absorption and promote theanine excretion
Lu, Y.-N., Zhang, J., Wan, X., Long, M., Li, D., Lei, P., & Zhang, Z. (2010) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.027 · Cited by 17
The effects of L-theanine supplementation on the outcomes of patients with mental disorders: a systematic review
Moshfeghinia, R., Sanaei, E., Mostafavi, S., Assadian, K., Sanaei, A., & Ayano, G. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06285-y · Cited by 17
The function and application potential of L-theanine: From biotechnological production, biosynthesis, bioactivity to food industry
Le, J., Li, L., Wang, C., Hu, Q., Shao, K., Zhao, Y. F., & Jin, Y. (2025) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145613 · Cited by 16
Theanine, an antitumor promoter, induces apoptosis of tumor cells via the mitochondrial pathway
Xin, Y., Ben, P., Wang, Q., Zhu, Y., Yin, Z., & Luo, L. (2018) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.9459 · Cited by 16
Theanine-Modified Graphene Oxide Composite Films for Neural Stem Cells Proliferation and Differentiation
Qi, Z., Chen, X., Guo, W., Fu, C., & Pan, S. (2020) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2020/3068173 · Cited by 16
The Roles of Redox Enzymes in Parkinson’s Disease: Focus on Glutaredoxin
Johnson, W. M., Wilson‐Delfosse, A. L., Chen, S. G., & Mieyal, J. J. (2015) · Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Diseases · doi:10.14800/ttnd.790 · Cited by 15
L-Theanine Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Injury in Neural Stem Cells and Cognitive Impairment in Neonatal Mice
Chen, Y., Lian, F., Lu, Q., Peng, S., Li, J., Huang, S. M., & Du, X. (2020) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b19-00790 · Cited by 15
l-Theanine intake increases threshold for limbic seizures but decreases threshold for generalized seizures
Schallier, A., Vermoesen, K., Loyens, E., Van Liefferinge, J., Michotte, Y., Smolders, I., & Massie, A. (2013) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830512y.0000000033 · Cited by 14
Green tea: protective action against oxidative damage induced by xenobiotics
Kaushik, G., Satya, S., & Naik, S. N. (2010) · Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s12349-010-0014-y · Cited by 14
The component of green tea, L-theanine protects human hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis
Li, G., Kang, J., Yao, X., Xin, Y., Wang, Q., Yin, Y., Luo, L., & Yin, Z. (2011) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-011-1534-5 · Cited by 13
“In the rotenone- and dieldrin-induced SH-SY5Y cells, the downregulation ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly blocked by L-theanine [12].”
BackgroundInfluential
The health effects of black tea and flavonoids
Ruxton, C. H. S. (2009) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/00346650910957546 · Cited by 13

Authors: Cho, H.-S., Kim, S., Lee, S.-Y., Park, J. A., Kim, S.-J., & Chun, H. S.
Affiliations: Chosun University (KR)
Corresponding author: Chun, Hong Sung
ORCID: Kim, Seung
Lee, Sook-Young
Kim, Sung-Jun
Chun, Hong Sung
Venue: NeuroToxicology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 656-662
ISSN: 0161-813X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.03.004
OpenAlex: W1974965926
Cited by: 138
References: 40
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 7.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroToxicology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Chosun University
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: theanine, green tea, Parkinson's disease, neuroprotection, rotenone, dieldrin, dopaminergic neurons, SH-SY5Y cells, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, heme oxygenase-1, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Cell Line, Transformed, Dieldrin, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Interactions, Glutamates, Humans, Indoles, Insecticides, Nerve Growth Factors, Neurons, Rotenone, Apoptosis, Neuroprotective Agents, Heme Oxygenase-1

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Protective effect of the green tea component, l-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death

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