Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 162

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Distinct mechanisms for the impact of distraction and interruption on working memory in aging

Open access
Clapp, Wesley C., Gazzaley, Adam·2012·Neurobiology of Aging
DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Interference is known to negatively impact the ability to maintain information in working memory (WM), an effect that is exacerbated with aging. Here, we explore how distinct sources of interference, i.e., distraction (stimuli to-be-ignored) and interruption (stimuli requiring attention), differentially influence WM in younger and older adults. EEG was recorded while participants engaged in three versions of a delayed-recognition task: no interference, a distracting stimulus, and an interrupting stimulus presented during WM maintenance. Behaviorally, both types of interference negatively impacted WM accuracy in older adults significantly more than younger adults (with a larger deficit for interruptions). N170 latency measures revealed that the degree of processing both distractors and interruptors predicted WM accuracy in both populations. However, while WM impairments could be explained by excessive attention to distractors by older adults (a suppression deficit), impairment induced by interruption were not clearly mediated by age-related increases in attention to interruptors. These results suggest that distinct underlying mechanisms mediate the impact of different types of external interference on WM in normal aging.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 13 references

Research works printed but not linked: 65

  1. Benjamini, 1995, Controlling the false discovery rate—a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B: Methodological, 57, 289, 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · DOI · Paper page
  2. Bentin, 1996, Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 8, 551, 10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Berry, 2009, Practice-related improvement in working memory is modulated by changes in processing external interference, J. NeuroPhysiol., 102, 1779, 10.1152/jn.00179.2009 · DOI
  4. Bherer, 2006, Testing the limits of cognitive plasticity in older adults: application to attentional control, Acta Psychol. (Amst.), 123, 261, 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.01.005 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Bherer, 2008, Transfer effects in task-set cost and dual-task cost after dual-task training in older and younger adults: further evidence for cognitive plasticity in attentional control in late adulthood, Exp. Aging Res., 34, 188, 10.1080/03610730802070068 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Campanella, 2006, Early visual components (P100, N170) are disrupted in chronic schizophrenic patients: an event-related potentials study, Neurophysiol. Clin., 36, 71, 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.04.005 · DOI
  7. Chaby, 2003, Age-related changes in brain responses to personally known faces: an event-related potential (ERP) study in humans, Neurosci. Lett., 349, 125, 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00800-0 · DOI
  8. Chao, 1995, Human prefrontal lesions increase distractibility to irrelevant sensory inputs, Neuroreport, 6, 1605, 10.1097/00001756-199508000-00005 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Chao, 1997, Prefrontal deficits in attention and inhibitory control with aging, Cereb. Cortex, 7, 63, 10.1093/cercor/7.1.63 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Chao, 1998, Contribution of human prefrontal cortex to delay performance, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 10, 167, 10.1162/089892998562636 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Chaparro, 2005, Effects of age and auditory and visual dual tasks on closed-road driving performance, Optom. Vis. Sci., 82, 747, 10.1097/01.opx.0000174724.74957.45 · doi:10.1097/01.opx.0000174724.74957.45
  12. Clare Kelly, 2006, Flexible cognitive control: effects of individual differences and brief practice on a complex cognitive task, Neuroimage, 31, 866, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.008 · DOI
  13. Craik, 2006, Planning and task management in older adults: cooking breakfast, Mem. Cognit., 34, 1236, 10.3758/BF03193268 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Cronin-Golomb, 2007, Enhanced stimulus strength improves visual cognition in aging and Alzheimer's disease, Cortex, 43, 952, 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70693-2 · DOI
  15. Crossley, 1992, Age-related differences in concurrent-task performance of normal adults: evidence for a decline in processing resources, Psychol. Aging, 7, 499, 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.499 · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.499
  16. Doumas, 2008, Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance, Exp. Brain Res., 10.1007/s00221-008-1302-3 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Emery, 2008, Age differences in proactive interference, working memory, and abstract reasoning, Psychol. Aging, 23, 634, 10.1037/a0012577 · DOI
  18. Faulkner, 2007, Multitasking: association between poorer performance and a history of recurrent falls, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 55, 570, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01147.x · DOI · Paper page
  19. Folstein, 1975, “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician, J. Psychiatr. Res., 12, 189, 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Foos, 1992, Adult age differences in the storage of information in working memory, Exp. Aging Res., 18, 51, 10.1080/03610739208253911 · DOI
  21. Forster, 2009, Harnessing the wandering mind: the role of perceptual load, Cognition, 111, 345, 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.02.006 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Gazzaley, 2008, Age-related top-down suppression deficit in the early stages of cortical visual memory processing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 105, 13122, 10.1073/pnas.0806074105 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Gazzaley, 2005, Top-down enhancement and suppression of the magnitude and speed of neural activity, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 17, 507, 10.1162/0898929053279522 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Gazzaley, 2007, Age-related deficits in component processes of working memory, Neuropsychology, 21, 532, 10.1037/0894-4105.21.5.532 · DOI
  25. Goffaux, 2003, ERP evidence for task modulations on face perceptual processing at different spatial scales, Cogn. Sci., 27, 313, 10.1207/s15516709cog2702_8 · DOI
  26. Gomez Gonzalez, 1994, Sources of attention-sensitive visual event-related potentials, Brain Topogr., 7, 41, 10.1007/BF01184836 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Gothe, 2007, Age differences in dual-task performance after practice, Psychol. Aging, 22, 596, 10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.596 · DOI
  28. Grady, 1998, Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow during working memory for faces, Neuroimage, 8, 409, 10.1006/nimg.1998.0376 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Heinrich, 2005, Pattern specificity of human visual motion processing, Vision Res., 45, 2137, 10.1016/j.visres.2005.02.008 · DOI
  30. Herrmann, 2005, Early stages (P100) of face perception in humans as measured with event-related potentials (ERPs), J. Neural. Transm., 112, 1073, 10.1007/s00702-004-0250-8 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Hoffmann, 1999, Time course of motion adaptation: motion-onset visual evoked potentials and subjective estimates, Vision Res., 39, 437, 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00186-2 · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00186-2
  32. Hoffmann, 2001, Directional tuning of human motion adaptation as reflected by the motion VEP, Vision Res., 41, 2187, 10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00112-2 · DOI
  33. Johnson, 2004, An age-related deficit in prefrontal cortical function associated with refreshing information, Psychol. Sci., 15, 127, 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502009.x · DOI
  34. Johnson, 2002, Second thoughts versus second looks: an age-related deficit in reflectively refreshing just-activated information, Psychol. Sci., 13, 64, 10.1111/1467-9280.00411 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Kim, 2007, Aging and a benefit of distractability, Psychon. Bull. Rev., 14, 301, 10.3758/BF03194068 · DOI
  36. Koch, 2006, Temporal changes in neural activation during practice of information retrieval from short-term memory: an fMRI study, Brain Res., 1107, 140, 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.003 · DOI
  37. Landau, 2007, Regional specificity and practice: dynamic changes in object and spatial working memory, Brain Res., 1180, 78, 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.08.057 · DOI
  38. Landau, 2004, A functional MRI study of the influence of practice on component processes of working memory, Neuroimage, 22, 211, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.003 · DOI
  39. Lustig, 2001, Working memory span and the role of proactive interference, J. Exp. Psychol. Gen., 130, 199, 10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.199 · DOI · Paper page
  40. McDowd, 1988, Effects of aging and task difficulty on divided attention performance, J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform., 14, 267, 10.1037/0096-1523.14.2.267 · DOI · Paper page
  41. McPartland, 2004, Event-related brain potentials reveal anomalies in temporal processing of faces in autism spectrum disorder, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 45, 1235, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00318.x · DOI · Paper page
  42. Miller, 1996, Neural mechanisms of visual working memory in prefrontal cortex of the macaque, J. Neurosci., 16, 5154, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-16-05154.1996 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Nakamura, 2001, Age-related changes in brain neuromagnetic responses to face perception in humans, Neurosci. Lett., 312, 13, 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02168-1 · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02168-1
  44. Park, 1989, Effects of age and a divided attention task presented during encoding and retrieval on memory, J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn., 15, 1185, 10.1037/0278-7393.15.6.1185 · DOI
  45. Pfefferbaum, 1984, Clinical application of the P3 component of event-related potentials. I. Normal aging, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 59, 85, 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90026-1 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Poldrack, 2000, Imaging brain plasticity: conceptual and methodological issues—a theoretical review, Neuroimage, 12, 1, 10.1006/nimg.2000.0596 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Ponds, 1988, Age differences in divided attention in a simulated driving task, J. Gerontol., 43, P151, 10.1093/geronj/43.6.P151 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Reitan, 1958, Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage, Perceptual Motor Skills, 8, 271, 10.2466/pms.1958.8.3.271 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Rowe, 2006, Attentional disregulation: a benefit for implicit memory, Psychol. Aging, 21, 826, 10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.826 · DOI
  50. Sakai, 2003, Reactivation of memory: role of medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex, Rev. Neurosci., 14, 241, 10.1515/REVNEURO.2003.14.3.241 · DOI
  51. Sakai, 2004, Prefrontal selection and medial temporal lobe reactivation in retrieval of short-term verbal information, Cereb. Cortex, 14, 914, 10.1093/cercor/bhh050 · DOI
  52. Salthouse, 1991, Effects of adult age on structural and operational capacities in working memory, Psychol. Aging, 6, 118, 10.1037/0882-7974.6.1.118 · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.1.118 · Paper page
  53. Salvucci, 2008, Threaded cognition: an integrated theory of concurrent multitasking, Psychol. Rev., 115, 101, 10.1037/0033-295X.115.1.101 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Sreenivasan, 2009, Attention to faces modulates early face processing during low but not high face discriminability, Atten. Percept. Psychophys., 71, 837, 10.3758/APP.71.4.837 · DOI
  55. Sreenivasan, 2007, Selective attention supports working memory maintenance by modulating perceptual processing of distractors, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 19, 32, 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.32 · DOI
  56. Sreenivasan, 2007, Temporal characteristics of top-down modulations during working memory maintenance: an event-related potential study of the N170 component, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 19, 1836, 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.11.1836 · DOI
  57. Stroop, 1935, Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions, J. Exp. Psychol., 18, 643, 10.1037/h0054651 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Tanaka, 2001, A neural basis for expert object recognition, Psychol. Sci., 12, 43, 10.1111/1467-9280.00308 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Taylor, 2001, Eyes first! Eye processing develops before face processing in children, Neuroreport, 12, 1671, 10.1097/00001756-200106130-00031 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Tombaugh, 2004, Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education, Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol., 19, 203, 10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00039-8 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Tsang, 1998, Age, attention, expertise, and time-sharing performance, Psychol. Aging, 13, 323, 10.1037/0882-7974.13.2.323 · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.13.2.323
  62. Vidnyanszky, 2005, Learning to suppress task-irrelevant visual stimuli with attention, Vision Res., 45, 677, 10.1016/j.visres.2004.10.009 · DOI
  63. Vogel, 2005, Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory, Nature, 438, 500, 10.1038/nature04171 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Yoon, 2006, Differential effects of distraction during working memory on delay-period activity in the prefrontal cortex and the visual association cortex, Neuroimage, 29, 1117, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.024 · DOI
  65. Zanto, 2009, Predictive knowledge of stimulus relevance does not influence top-down suppression of irrelevant information in older adults, Cortex

Cited by

See all 162

Metadata

Authors
Clapp, W. C., & Gazzaley, A.
Venue
Neurobiology of Aging
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-01
Volume
33
Issue
1
Pages
134-148
ISSN
0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012
OpenAlex
W2090103998
Cited by
162
References
13
FWCI
9.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (K08 AG025221, R01-AG030395)
  • American Federation of Aging Research (AFAR)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Distinct mechanisms for the impact of distraction and interruption on working memory in aging. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012
The paper
Clapp, W. C., & Gazzaley, A. (2012). Distinct mechanisms for the impact of distraction and interruption on working memory in aging. Neurobiology of Aging. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.