Conjunction revisited
Abstract
The aim of this note is to revisit the analysis of conjunctions in imaging data. We review some conceptual issues that have emerged from recent discussion (Nichols, T., Brett, M., Andersson, J., Wager, T., Poline, J.-B., 2004. Valid Conjunction Inference with the Minimum Statistic.) and reformulate the conjunction of null hypotheses as a conjunction of k or more effects. Analyses based on minimum statistics have typically used the null hypothesis that k = 0. This enables inferences about one or more effects (k > 0). However, this does not provide control over false-positive rates (FPR) for inferences about a conjunction of k = n effects, over n tests. This is the key point made by Nichols et al., who suggest a procedure based on supremum P values that provides an upper bound on FPR for k = n. Although valid, this is a very conservative procedure, particularly in the context of multiple comparisons. We suggest that an inference on a conjunction of k = n effects is generally unnecessary and distinguish between congruent contrasts that test for the same treatment and incongruent contrasts of the sort used in cognitive conjunctions. For congruent contrasts, the usual inference, k > 0, is sufficient. With incongruent contrasts it is sufficient to infer a conjunction of k >u effects, where u is the number of contrasts that share some uninteresting effect. The issues highlighted by Nichols et al., have important implications for the design and analysis of cognitive conjunction studi…
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The conjunction analysis isolated a core scene-construction network shared by real memories, previously imagined scenes, and newly imagined scenes.
“A conjunction analysis (Friston et al., 2005) of the main conditions (RM, IS, NS) against their respective controls (RO, IO, NO) allowed us to isolate the common brain network involved in the underlying core process of constructing, maintaining and visualising complex scenes.”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Friston et al., 2005
A conjunction analysis showed a common scene-construction network across real memories, previously imagined scenes, and newly imagined scenes.
“A conjunction analysis (Friston et al., 2005) of the main conditions (RM, IS, NS) against their respective controls (RO, IO, NO) allowed us to isolate the common brain network involved in the underlying core process of constructing, maintaining and visualising complex scenes.”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Friston et al., 2005
A conjunction analysis of the main conditions against their respective controls isolated a common brain network including bilateral hippocampi, parahippocampal gyrus, retrosplenial cortex, precuneus, posterior parietal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
“A conjunction analysis (Friston et al., 2005) of the main conditions (RM, IS, NS) against their respective controls (RO, IO, NO) allowed us to isolate the common brain network involved in the underlying core process of constructing, maintaining and visualising complex scenes. This network (see Table 6 and Figure 3) included bilateral hippocampi, parahippocampal gyrus, retrospenial cortex, precune”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Friston et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Friston, K. J., Penny, W. D., & Glaser, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Glaser, Daniel E.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 661-667
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4233058775
- Cited by
- 578
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 16.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- multiple comparisons, false positive rate control, minimum statistics, null hypothesis, fMRI data analysis
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Attention, Brain, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Logic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mathematical Computing, Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Bias
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