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Structural changes in socio-affective networks: Multi-modal MRI findings in long-term meditation practitioners
Abstract
Our goal was to assess the effects of long-term mental training in socio-affective skills on structural brain networks. We studied a group of long-term meditation practitioners (LTMs) who have focused on cultivating socio-affective skills using loving-kindness and compassion meditation for an average of 40k h, comparing these to meditation-naïve controls. To maximize homogeneity of prior practice, LTMs were included only if they had undergone extensive full-time meditation retreats in the same center. MRI-based cortical thickness analysis revealed increased thickness in the LTM cohort relative to meditation-native controls in fronto-insular cortices. To identify functional networks relevant for the generation of socio-affective states, structural imaging analysis were complemented by fMRI analysis in LTMs, showing amplitude increases during a loving-kindness meditation session relative to non-meditative rest in multiple prefrontal and insular regions bilaterally. Importantly, functional findings partially overlapped with regions of cortical thickness increases in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, suggesting that these regions may play a central role in the generation of emotional states relevant for the meditative practice. Our multi-modal MRI approach revealed structural changes in LTMs who have cultivated loving-kindness and compassion for a significant period of their life in functional networks activated by these practices. These preliminary cross-sectional findings motivate future longitudinal work studying brain plasticity following the regular practice of skills aiming at enhancing human altruism and prosocial motivation.
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Meditation enhances cortical thickness of the prefrontal, insula and anterior cingulate cortex.
“Recent studies have further confirmed that meditation increases the hippocampal volume8 and enhances the cortical thickness of the prefrontal, insula and anterior cingulate cortex.9 10”
From Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Engen, H. G., Bernhardt, B. C., Skottnik, L., Ricard, M., & Singer, T.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Mind and Life Institute (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bernhardt, Boris C.
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- Pt A
- Pages
- 26-33
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2751947455
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013, 205557)
- NSERC (RGPIN-2017-03897)
- SickKids Foundation (NI17-039)
- CIHR (375106)
- FRQ-S (34902)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- loving-kindness meditation, compassion meditation, cortical thickness, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, neuroplasticity, altruism, prosocial motivation, meditation retreats, emotional state
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Social Behavior, Cohort Studies, Meditation
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