Visceral brain–body information transfer
Abstract
Organisms interact with their environments through various afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) mechanisms. While the usual environment of interest has been external to the organism, the internal environment is also of fundamental importance. This article briefly reviews many of the interactive mechanisms between the brain and the visceral environment, along with identification of relevant brain structures and linkages related to these peripheral functions (particularly the hypothalamus). Afferent and efferent neural (autonomic nervous system) and chemical (endocrine, immune, and blood-brain barrier and circumventricular organs) pathways are described, and potential unifying principles (emotion and, especially, homeostasis, including allostasis and stress) are identified. The importance of bidirectional (afferent, efferent) communication is emphasized. These systems of visceral brain-body information transfer are major connections between the central nervous system and the body through which and by which many psychosomatic processes occur.
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The AIC and dACC form major cortical components of a large-scale brain network with specialized functional relevance to homeostatic autonomic and behavioral (including affective) regulation.
“Considerable evidence now supports the view that these brain regions form major cortical components of a large-scale brain network with specialized functional relevance to homeostatic autonomic and behavioral (including affective) regulation.[29][30][31][32]”
From Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies (2016) · cites this paper as [29]
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Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies
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- Authors
- Cameron, O. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cameron, Oliver G.
- ORCID
- Cameron, Oliver G.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 787-794
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2023094505
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- brain-body interaction, hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, blood-brain barrier, circumventricular organs, homeostasis, allostasis, stress, emotions, psychosomatic processes, two-way communication, internal environment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Neural Pathways, Viscera
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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