Cited by 294Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

Typical development of basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum from age 7 to 24

Wierenga, Lara, Langen, Marieke, Ambrosino, Sara, van Dijk, Sarai, Oranje, Bob, Durston, Sarah·2014·NeuroImage

Abstract

Developmental imaging studies show that cortical grey matter decreases in volume during childhood and adolescence. However, considerably less research has addressed the development of subcortical regions (caudate, putamen, pallidum, accumbens, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and the cerebellar cortex), in particular not in longitudinal designs. We used the automatic labeling procedure in FreeSurfer to estimate the developmental trajectories of the volume of these subcortical structures in 147 participants (age 7.0-24.3years old, 94 males; 53 females) of whom 53 participants were scanned twice or more. A total of 223 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (acquired at 1.5-T) were analyzed. Substantial diversity in the developmental trajectories was observed between the different subcortical gray matter structures: the volume of caudate, putamen and nucleus accumbens decreased with age, whereas the volume of hippocampus, amygdala, pallidum and cerebellum showed an inverted U-shaped developmental trajectory. The thalamus showed an initial small increase in volume followed by a slight decrease. All structures had a larger volume in males than females over the whole age range, except for the cerebellum that had a sexually dimorphic developmental trajectory. Thus, subcortical structures appear to not yet be fully developed in childhood, similar to the cerebral cortex, and continue to show maturational changes into adolescence. In addition, there is substantial heterogeneity between the developmental trajectories of these structures.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.072

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  • Specific regions, including the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, continue to develop into late adolescence.

    “Moreover, specific regions, such as the frontal cortex (FC), hippocampus (HC), and amygdala continue to develop into late adolescence (Suzuki et al. 2005; Wierenga et al. 2014).”
  • Limbic structures, including the amygdala, show emerging functional and structural maturity by early adolescence.

    “Limbic structures, including the amygdala, demonstrate emerging functional and structural maturity by early adolescence (Giedd et al., 1996, Ostby et al., 2009, Wierenga et al., 2014);”
  • The amygdala shows linear increases in grey matter across late childhood and adolescence.

    “Moreover, the amygdala and mPFC undergo substantial structural change during development: the amygdala shows linear increases in grey matter across late childhood and adolescence, while the mPFC is characterised by quadratic changes, with substantial grey matter growth across childhood followed by grey matter pruning across adolescence19–21.”
  • The mPFC is characterised by quadratic changes in grey matter across development, with substantial grey matter growth across childhood followed by grey matter pruning across adolescence.

    “Moreover, the amygdala and mPFC undergo substantial structural change during development: the amygdala shows linear increases in grey matter across late childhood and adolescence, while the mPFC is characterised by quadratic changes, with substantial grey matter growth across childhood followed by grey matter pruning across adolescence19–21.”

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Authors
Wierenga, L., Langen, M., Ambrosino, S., van Dijk, S., Oranje, B., & Durston, S.
Affiliations
University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
Corresponding author
Wierenga, Lara
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-08
Volume
96
Pages
67-72
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2123437610
Cited by
294
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI
11.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (VIDI 91776384, VICI 453-10-005)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, globus pallidus, sex differences, childhood and adolescence, longitudinal MRI
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Aging, Amygdala, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Child, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Young Adult

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