What can cortical development in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder teach us about the early developmental mechanisms involved?
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Studies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown developmental changes in the cortical mantle. Different dimensions of cortical morphology, such as surface area and thickness, relate to different neurodevelopmental mechanisms. As such, studying multiple dimensions may inform us about the developmental origins of ADHD. Furthermore, results from existing longitudinal samples await replication. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study of multiple cortical dimensions in a sizable, independent ADHD sample. We analyzed 297 anatomical MRI scans from two matched groups of 94 subjects with ADHD and 94 controls, aged 6-28 years. We estimated the developmental trajectories of cortical volume, surface, thickness and gyrification for 68 regions using mixed-effects regression analysis. Subjects with ADHD had smaller overall cortical volume, predominantly driven by decreases in frontal lobe volume that were associated with reduced surface area and gyrification. Nearly all decreases were stable across development. Only a few decreases survived stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, with the smallest detectable Cohen's d |0.43|. There were no between-group differences in cortical thickness, or in subcortical volumes. Our results suggest that ADHD is associated with developmentally persistent reductions in frontal cortical volume, surface area, and gyrification. This may implicate early neurodevelopmental mechanisms regulating cortical expansion and convolution in ADHD.
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Although reduced frontal lobe volume has been frequently reported in ADHD, studies are discrepant about whether the anomaly is unilateral or bilateral, which subregions are involved, whether it comprises white matter, gray matter, or both, and whether it reflects overall smaller brain volume.
“Although reduced frontal lobe volume has been frequently reported, there are discrepancies as to whether the anomaly: (1) was unilateral (Li et al., 2007; Ambrosino et al., 2017) or bilateral (Gehricke et al., 2017);”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Ambrosino et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Ambrosino, S., de Zeeuw, P., Wierenga, L. M., van Dijk, S., & Durston, S.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- NICHE Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Ambrosino, Sara
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-07-18
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 4624-4634
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2739399747
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (VIDI 91776384, VICI 453-10-005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cortical development, cortical volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness, cortical folding, frontal lobe, neurodevelopmental mechanisms, developmental trajectories, longitudinal MRI, cortical expansion
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurogenesis
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