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Prefrontal-Subcortical Pathways Mediating Successful Emotion Regulation
Open accessAbstract
Although prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the cognitive regulation of emotion, the cortical-subcortical interactions that mediate this ability remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we identified a right ventrolateral prefrontal region (vlPFC) whose activity correlated with reduced negative emotional experience during cognitive reappraisal of aversive images. We then applied a pathway-mapping analysis on subcortical regions to locate mediators of the association between vlPFC activity and reappraisal success (i.e., reductions in reported emotion). Results identified two separable pathways that together explained approximately 50% of the reported variance in self-reported emotion: (1) a path through nucleus accumbens that predicted greater reappraisal success, and (2) a path through ventral amygdala that predicted reduced reappraisal success (i.e., more negative emotion). These results provide direct evidence that vlPFC is involved in both the generation and regulation of emotion through different subcortical pathways, suggesting a general role for this region in appraisal processes.
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“Further, greater dmPFC activation and connectivity with the amygdala corresponded to reappraisal success in both healthy individuals (Banks, Eddy, Angstadt, Nathan, & Phan, 2007; Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008) and patients with social anxiety disorder (Goldin et al., 2009).”
From Changes in functional connectivity with cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder predict outcomes at follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In one of the studies (Wager et al., 2008), when the rated success of emotional regulation was regressed on the cognitive reappraisal of emotion contrast, the dlPFC contribution was smaller and that of the lOFC/vlPFC larger than in the standard subtraction analysis (Figure 5).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“some studies demonstrated the role of VLPFC on mediating Amygdala activity in respect to negative stimuli41,42”
From Ventrolateral but not Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex tDCS effectively impact emotion reappraisal – effects on Emotional Experience and Interbeat Interval (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The emotional Stroop task regularly shows prefrontal activations both in dlPFC and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC)/vlPFC (Eippert et al., 2007; Wager et al., 2008; Kanske et al., 2011; Golkar et al., 2012; Buhle et al., 2014)”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This dual role of the VLPFC in emotion regulation may be reflected in positive amygdala-VLPFC associations which negatively predict regulation success and positive VS-VLPFC associations which positively predict regulation success (Wager et al., 2008).”
From Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“but one can infer from our analyses and the literature, that a highly plausible candidate structure in the direct pathway model would be the VLPFC as it detects salience, is a core structure for appraisal processes (Hampshire et al., 2010; Wager et al., 2008) and would also be in a good position to initiate higher order cognitive processes or complex behaviors through its involvement in the medial”
From Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“In this study, vmPFC activity was associated with increased reappraisal success in a manner mediated by changes in the ventral striatum, though other dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal regions are likely to be important as well [54,55].”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“In one recent study, positive reappraisal reduced amygdala responses to aversive visual images and increases activity in the ventral striatum, which in turn predict reappraisal effects on emotional experience [54] (figure 1h).”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“A second prediction is that reappraisal-related fMRI activity will emerge when controlling for activity in lateral cortical ‘attention systems’ (partially done in [54]; see Supplementary Online Materials for additional discussion).”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“the NAc-vmPFC pathway previously shown to be important for emotion/pain regulation, and valuation in a range of contexts [6],[53],[74]–[77]”
From Distinct Brain Systems Mediate the Effects of Nociceptive Input and Self-Regulation on Pain (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Ex-partner versus Friend was predicted by increased activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), right temporal parietal junction (TPJ) and precuneus, which are reliably associated with mentalizing about others38,39, and several other regions associated with negative emotion and its regulation20,40,41, including thalamus, supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus.”
From Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection (2014) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“and VS activity mediated the relationship between ventrolateral PFC activation and reappraisal success (i.e. less negative emotional experience).”
From Neural correlates of social exclusion across ages: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional MRI studies (2017) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Wager and colleagues (2008) found that ventrolateral PFC activation was positively correlated with that of the VS when engaging in cognitive reappraisal of aversive images”
From Neural correlates of social exclusion across ages: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional MRI studies (2017) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Similarly, ventral lPFC has also been identified in studies of negative affect following social exclusion (Sebastian et al., 2009), emotion regulation in labeling negative affect (Lieberman et al., 2007), and negative emotion reappraisal (Wager et al., 2008).”
From Risk-taking and social exclusion in adolescence: neural mechanisms underlying peer influences on decision-making (2013) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Given its role in reward processing, the ventral striatum may serve to aid in the reappraisal of negative experiences into positive interpretations (Masten et al., 2009, Wager et al., 2009).”
From Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: a new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation (2016) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2009
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“, 2005) and ER (Wager et al., 2008) studies and could be related to the timing of presenting the instruction cues and the type of ER strategies (Wager et al.”
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript also indicates that the VLPFC is particularly responsive to negative stimuli(Viinikainen et al., 2010), and involved in reappraisal of negative emotions(Wager et al., 2008).”
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“Interestingly, both clusters associated with high anxiety profiles were linked to abnormal connectivity patterns in the frontal amygdala [fear-related behavior and reappraisal of negative emotional stimuli (134)] and abnormal hyper-connectivity in the reward system was especially pronounced in anhedoniarelated cluster…”
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Human Neurobiological Approaches to Hedonically Motivated Behaviors
Burger, K. S., Shearrer, G. E., & Sadler, J. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.009 · Cited by 42
Schipper, P., Hiemstra, M., Bosch, K., Nieuwenhuis, D., Adinolfi, A., Glotzbach, S., Borghans, B., Lopresto, D., Fernández, G., Klumpers, F., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1904843116 · Cited by 44
Anxiety in Parkinson's disease is associated with reduced structural covariance of the striatum
Oosterwijk, C. S., Vriend, C., Berendse, H. W., van der Werf, Y. D., & van den Heuvel, O. A. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.053 · Cited by 48
Raedt, R. D., Remue, J., Loeys, T., Hooley, J. M., & Baeken, C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.009 · Cited by 46
Neural circuitry governing anxious individuals’ mis-allocation of working memory to threat
Stout, D. M., Shackman, A. J., Pedersen, W. S., Miskovich, T. A., & Larson, C. L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08443-7 · Cited by 124
Ziaei, M., Salami, A., & Persson, J. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.012 · Cited by 57
Miedl, S. F., Blechert, J., Klackl, J., Wiggert, N., Reichenberger, J., Derntl, B., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.027 · Cited by 43
“Depending on task and context, the rACC has sometimes been shown to exert inhibitory control over amygdala activity during emotional conflict resolution (Etkin et al., 2006), and is involved in affect/emotion regulation (Ochsner et al., 2004; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundCognitive Processes Are Central in Compassion Meditation
Dahl, C. J., Antoine Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.12.005 · Cited by 65
“Connectivity between these regions has been linked to the successful use of cognitive reappraisal in the regulation of emotion [10].”
BackgroundEffects of antidepressant medication on emotion regulation in depressed patients: An iSPOT-D report
McRae, K., Rekshan, W. R., Williams, L. M., Cooper, N. J., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.037 · Cited by 39
Passarotti, A. M., Ellis, J., Wegbreit, E., Stevens, M. C. G., & Pavuluri, M. N. (2012) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2012.0089 · Cited by 46
“On the other hand, for the Affective Working Memory Network, PBD showed increased functional connectivity in a more inferior and orbital region (BA 47/ 11), possibly suggesting increased effort in face emotion processing and evaluation during the working memory task (Wager et al., 2008).”
Prevention and Treatment of “Food Addiction”
Davis, C., & Mason, A. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.023 · Cited by 42
Xin, F., Zhou, X., Dong, D., Zhao, Z., Yang, X., Wang, Q., Gu, Y., Kendrick, K. M., Chen, A., & Becker, B. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202001077 · Cited by 47
“…and fear as well as their regulation across different emotion regulation strategies (Davis, 1992; Etkin et al., 2015; Grupe and Nitschke, 2013; Wager et al., 2008), as well as threat anticipation such that previous human and animal studies reported activation of the amygdala immediately…”
Brugulat‐Serrat, A., Salvadó, G., Operto, G., Cacciaglia, R., Sudre, C. H., Grau‐Rivera, O., Suárez‐Calvet, M., Falcón, C., Sánchez‐Benavides, G., Gramunt, N., et al. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24877 · Cited by 45
“The 3D-T1w images were segmented into GM and WM tissue using the new segment function implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM 12, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK), and located into a common space for subsequent normalization using a 9-affine parameter transformation.”
MethodGrosenick, L., Shi, T. C., Gunning, F., Dubin, M., Downar, J., & Liston, C. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/498964 · Cited by 40
van Tol, M., Veer, I. M., van der Wee, N. J. A., Aleman, A., van Buchem, M. A., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Zitman, F. G., Veltman, D. J., & Johnstone, T. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.05.012 · Cited by 34
“emotional states depends on intact interactions between (para)limbic and subcortical brain structures and dorsal and lateral prefrontal cortical (PFC) areas (Ochsner et al., 2004; Phillips et al., 2003; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBenelli, E., Mergenthaler, E., Walter, S., Messina, I., Sambin, M., Buchheim, A., Sim, E. J., & Viviani, R. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00239 · Cited by 38
“The anterior insula/VLPFC has also been associated with emotion regulation (Ochsner et al., 2002; Ochsner and Gross, 2005; Phan et al., 2005; Kalisch et al., 2006; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialUsing reappraisal to regulate unpleasant emotional episodes: goals and timing matter.
Urry, H. (2009) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0017109 · Cited by 40
“There is good evidence that participant-generated reappraisals are effective in modifying subjective emotional experience as measured by self-report (Kalisch et al., 2005; McRae et al., 2008; Ochsner et al., 2002, Ochsner et al., 2004; Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008 ).”
BackgroundWang, J., Yang, Z., Klugah‐Brown, B., Zhang, T., Yang, J., Yuan, J., & Biswal, B. B. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120789 · Cited by 40
“Mediation analysis was conducted using the standard 3-variable path model and assessed through a bootstrap test to examine the relationships among three variables (Menatti et al., 2015; Wager et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2023).”
Brown, K. W., Berry, D. R., Eichel, K., Михайловна, Б. П., Rahrig, H., & Britton, W. B. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14024 · Cited by 51
de la Peña-Arteaga, V., Berruga-Sánchez, M., Steward, T., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Goldberg, X., Wainsztein, A., Abulafia, C., Cardoner, N., Castro, M., Villarreal, M., et al. (2021) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2231 · Cited by 39
Marchisella, F., Creutzberg, K. C., Begni, V., Sanson, A., Wearick‐Silva, L. E., Tractenberg, S. G., Orso, R., Kestering-Ferreira, É., Grassi‐Oliveira, R., & Riva, M. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.653384 · Cited by 50
“Sex-related discrepancies were consistent for the vesicular transporters Vglut1 and Vgat and their ratio (Wang et al., 2019) in the PFC, where PNS males showed increased levels of Vglut1 expression and, consequently, higher Vglut1:Vgat, than did controls, which may foster dysregulation of the…”
BackgroundNeural characteristics of cognitive reappraisal success and failure: An ERP study
Cao, D., Li, Y., & Niznikiewicz, M. A. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1584 · Cited by 50
“Among the studies that focused on the reappraisal success, Wager et al. (2008), using fMRI, tested how the activity of prefrontal cortex was related to reappraisal success: Reappraisal-induced activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal region was found to be positively related to the…”
BackgroundMethodKoch, S. B. J., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.12.002 · Cited by 48
Neural mechanisms of the rejection–aggression link
Chester, D. S., Lynam, D. R., Milich, R. S., & DeWall, C. N. (2018) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsy025 · Cited by 50
“Conventionally, VLPFC recruitment during aversive experiences is theorized to be an adaptive regulatory response (Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundContent specificity of attentional bias to threat in post-traumatic stress disorder
Zinchenko, A., Al-Amin, M. M., Alam, M. M., Mahmud, W., Kabir, N., Reza, H. M., & Burne, T. H. J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.05.006 · Cited by 44
Emotional Dysfunction in Psychopathology and Neuropathology
Sturm, V. E., Haase, C. M., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800105-9.00022-6 · Cited by 52
“Positive emotional stimuli, such as positive faces and pleasant scenes, also activate the ventral striatum (Wager et al., 2008), as do feelings of social connection, interpersonal warmth, and feeling understood (Inagaki & Eisenberger, 2012, 2013; Morelli, Torre, & Eisenberger, 2014).”
BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy Normalizes Functional Connectivity for Social Threat in Psychosis
Mason, L., PETERS, E. R., Dima, D., Williams, S., & Kumari, V. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv153 · Cited by 38
“10,11 17 At the symptom level, these abnormalities in social threat perception are likely to be involved in the generation and maintenance of persecutory delusions and poor social functioning.”
A multi-pathway hypothesis for human visual fear signaling
Silverstein, D. N., & Ingvar, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00101 · Cited by 45
“While this may be similar to pathway p4, it does not explain lOFC activity in some studies (Phillips et al., 2003; Carlsson et al., 2004; Wager et al., 2008; Golkar et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAdolescents’ emotional competence is associated with parents’ neural sensitivity to emotions
Telzer, E. H., Qu, Y., Goldenberg, D., Fuligni, A. J., Galván, A., & Lieberman, M. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00558 · Cited by 47
“The VLPFC has consistently been linked with effective emotion regulation (Wager et al., 2008) and is suggested to be particularly important for dampening emotional arousal when labeling emotional states, or “putting feelings into words” (Lieberman et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAlbein-Urios, N., Verdejo-Román, J., Soriano-Mas, C., Asensio, S., Martínez-González, J. M., & Verdéjo-Garcia, A. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.04.012 · Cited by 39
“…(Taylor et al., 2009), whereas the lateral orbitofrontal cortex connects with two different pathways involved in negative emotion regulation: the striatum pathway, associated with better reappraisal success, and the amygdala pathway, associated with poorer reappraisal success (Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHow does cognitive reappraisal affect the response to gains and losses?
Yang, Q., Gu, R., Tang, P., & Luo, Y. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12091 · Cited by 40
Medial prefrontal cortex encoding of stress and anxiety
Jacobs, D. S., & Moghaddam, B. (2021) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.014 · Cited by 49
LeWinn, K. Z., Strigo, I. A., Connolly, C. G., Ho, T. C., Tymofiyeva, O., Sacchet, M. D., Weng, H. Y., Blom, E. H., Simmons, A. N., & Yang, T. T. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.020 · Cited by 38
“successful reduction of negative affect during reappraisal) (Greening et al., 2014; March et al., 2004; Wager et al., 2008) in an unrestricted, whole brain analysis, as well as group differences in the functional connectivity of those regions during reappraisal.”
BackgroundResultCremers, H. R., Veer, I. M., Spinhoven, P., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Yarkoni, T., Wager, T. D., & Roelofs, K. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002657 · Cited by 38
“…corticalamygdala coupling and subjective or physiological responses during the instructed reappraisal of negative emotions (Urry et al. 2006; Wager et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2012) and indications of less cortical-amygdala connectivity during cognitive reappraisal in SAD patients (Goldin et…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationYu, J., Zhou, P., Yuan, S., Wu, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, N., Li, C. R., & Liu, N. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.029 · Cited by 43
Schulte, E. M., Schiestl, E. T., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.035 · Cited by 43
Parsing the components of forgiveness: Psychological and neural mechanisms
Fourie, M. M., Hortensius, R., & Decety, J. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.020 · Cited by 53
“It has been argued that two types of control processes can be distinguished because of differences in functional connectivity patterns to emotion-generative brain regions, such as the amygdala (Aron et al., 2007; Ochsner and Gross, 2005; Ochsner et al., 2012; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSchulze, L., Wheeler, S. M., McAndrews, M. P., Solomon, C. J., Giacobbe, P., & Downar, J. H. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.04.004 · Cited by 46
Adolescent development of insula‐dependent interoceptive regulation
Li, D., Zucker, N. L., Kragel, P. A., Covington, V. E., & LaBar, K. S. (2016) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12438 · Cited by 47
“The inferior frontal cortex was shown to interact with multiple subcortical regions in emotion regulation (Ochsner et al., 2002; Wager et al., 2008), especially for the reappraisal of emotional aspects of stimuli (Ochsner & Gross, 2005; Winecoff et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInteractions between perceived emotions and executive attention in an interpersonal game
Ruz, M., Madrid, E., & Tudela, P. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss080 · Cited by 40
Engen, H. G., & Kanske, P. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2115-13.2013 · Cited by 35
“Successful emotion regulation via cognitive change is a process of cortical–subcortical interactions (Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundEmotion regulation unveiled through the categorical lens of attachment
Domic‐Siede, M., Guzmán‐González, M., Sánchez‐Corzo, A., Álvarez, X., Araya, V., Espinoza, C., Zenis, K., & Marín-Medina, J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01748-z · Cited by 47
“…the ventral system (including the amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex) for emotion generation and detection [9–13], and the dorsal system (encompassing the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex) for emotion regulation [14–23].”
BackgroundYu, L., Long, Q., Tang, Y., Yin, S., Chen, Z., Zhu, C., & Chen, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.620342 · Cited by 45
Neurobiological susceptibility to peer influence in adolescence
Do, K. T., Prinstein, M. J., & Telzer, E. H. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827474.013.27 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wager, Tor D.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1037-1050
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2742320
- OpenAlex
- W2049423401
- Cited by
- 1,761
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 210 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 31.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1780 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0631637)
- National Institutes of Health (MH076136, MH076137)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, negative emotions, appraisal process, pathway mapping
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, Comprehension
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