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Cited by 310Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionPain Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection

Open access
Woo, Choong-Wan, Koban, Leonie, Kross, Ethan, Lindquist, Martin A., Banich, Marie T., Ruzic, Luka, Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Wager, Tor D.·2014·Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/ncomms6380PMC PMC4285151
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Abstract

Current theories suggest that physical pain and social rejection share common neural mechanisms, largely by virtue of overlapping functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity. Here we challenge this notion by identifying distinct multivariate fMRI patterns unique to pain and rejection. Sixty participants experience painful heat and warmth and view photos of ex-partners and friends on separate trials. FMRI pattern classifiers discriminate pain and rejection from their respective control conditions in out-of-sample individuals with 92% and 80% accuracy. The rejection classifier performs at chance on pain, and vice versa. Pain- and rejection-related representations are uncorrelated within regions thought to encode pain affect (for example, dorsal anterior cingulate) and show distinct functional connectivity with other regions in a separate resting-state data set (N = 91). These findings demonstrate that separate representations underlie pain and rejection despite common fMRI activity at the gross anatomical level. Rather than co-opting pain circuitry, rejection involves distinct affective representations in humans.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

Whole-brain fMRI pattern classifiers identified distinct, separately modifiable multivariate representations for physical pain and social rejection, even within regions commonly activated by both. The findings challenge the “shared representation” theory by showing that overlapping univariate activity can arise from uncorrelated pain- and rejection-related patterns.

Key findings

  • Pain and rejection classifiers were separately modifiable: the pain classifier discriminated Heat-pain versus Ex-partner with 100% accuracy (95% CI: 100–100%, P<0.00001) and Heat-pain versus Warmth with 92% accuracy (95% CI: 84–99%, P<0.00001), but performed at chance for Ex-partner versus Friend (59%, 95% CI: 47–72%, P=0.193). The rejection classifier discriminated Ex-partner versus Heat-pain with 88% accuracy (95% CI: 80–96%, P<0.00001) and Ex-partner versus Friend with 80% accuracy (95% CI: 69–90%, P<0.00001), but performed at chance for Heat-pain versus Warmth (59%, 95% CI: 47–72%, P=0.193).
  • The two whole-brain pattern maps were uncorrelated, r = −0.04, P = 0.28, and showed different predictive weights: pain was more strongly predicted by supramarginal gyrus, middle insula, dpINS, ventral insula, PAG, amygdala and thalamus; rejection by dmPFC, right inferior frontal gyrus, vmPFC, perigenual ACC, TPJ and precuneus (q < 0.05, FDR corrected).
  • Within dACC, aINS, S2 and dpINS, no significant correlation was found between pain and rejection SVM weights or between first-level contrast images. Cross-classification identified shared local patterns outside core pain-processing regions, including left parahippocampal/fusiform gyri, retrosplenial cortex, right TPJ, posterior cingulate cortex and striatum (q < 0.05, FDR corrected).
  • In an independent resting-state sample (Study 2, N = 91), dACC pain and rejection patterns were distinct (r = −0.04, P = 0.23) and engaged different functional connectivity networks.

Methods

  • Study 1 scanned 60 healthy, right-handed participants (31 females, Mage = 20.8, SD = 3.0) who had recently experienced an unwanted romantic breakup; participants underwent painful heat versus warmth and viewed ex-partner versus friend photographs on separate trials. Imaging analyses used 59 participants because task data were lost for one participant. Study 2 used 91 healthy, right-handed participants (48 females, Mage = 20.8, SD = 2.8) for resting-state fMRI.
  • Multivariate pattern analysis used linear support vector machines with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, trained on whole-brain activation parametric maps masked by an a priori meta-analytic pain/emotion/social map. Classifiers were trained one-against-all for Heat-pain and Ex-partner, tested on out-of-sample participants, and evaluated with bootstrap tests (10,000 iterations), multi-voxel pattern similarity, and searchlight/parcellation cross-classification.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity in Study 2 used dACC pain and rejection pattern expression as seed time courses, with random-effects GLM analyses to estimate whole-brain connectivity and connectivity differences.

Limitations

  • Stated in the paper: the five-point Likert scale and only two intensity levels for pain and rejection may mean the patterns do not capture fine-grained subjective intensity; the authors cannot rule out contributions from response preparation, attention or other consequences rather than central representations; the rejection task used ex-partner photos referring to past experience whereas thermal pain was acute; and the study focused on cross-individual classification rather than individual-specific patterns.
  • Stated in the paper: BOLD fMRI has limited spatial resolution and acts as a spatial low-pass filter, so shared fMRI patterns do not necessarily imply shared neuron-level representations, though dissociable fMRI patterns do imply different neuron-level population codes.
  • Evident from the text: the samples were young, predominantly Caucasian, native English speakers recruited in specific locations, which may limit generalizability; the study is experimental and correlational with respect to brain representation, so it does not establish causal interactions between pain and rejection systems.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

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Crossref · 10.1038/ncomms6380

Cites

73 of 73 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

0 of 27 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    The rejection classifier discriminated Ex-partner versus Friend with 80% accuracy.

    “and Ex-partner versus Friend with 80% accuracy (95% CI: 69–90%, P<0.00001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Viewing photographs of an ex-partner elicits social rejection in recently rejected individuals.
  • Findingown data

    The pain classifier performed at chance for Ex-partner versus Friend, with 59% accuracy.

    “However, it performed at chance for Ex-partner versus Friend (accuracy = 59%, with 95% CI: 47–72%, P = 0.193), demonstrating responsivity only to somatic pain.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Heat-pain versus Warmth was predicted by activation in regions associated with nociceptive processing and endogenous pain control, including right dpINS, bilateral S2, medial thalamus and PAG.

    “Heat-pain versus Warmth was predicted by activation in many regions associated with nociceptive processing and endogenous pain control36,37, such as right (contralateral) dpINS, bilateral S2, medial thalamus and periaqueductal gray (PAG).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [36] Apkarian, A. V., Bushnell, M. C., Treede, R. D. & Zubieta, J. K. Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease. Eur. J. Pain 9, 463–484 (2005). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [37] Bushnell, M. C., Ceko, M. & Low, L. A. Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 502–511 (2013). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Findingown data

    Activation was more strongly predictive of pain in the supramarginal gyrus, middle insula, dpINS, ventral insula, PAG, amygdala and thalamus.

    “Activation was more strongly predictive of pain in the supramarginal gyrus, middle insula, dpINS and ventral insula, PAG, amygdala and thalamus (warm colours in Fig. 3a, q < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR] corrected; for the full list of the regions, see Supplementary Table 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Activation was more strongly predictive of social rejection in dmPFC, right inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, TPJ and precuneus.

    “Activation was more strongly predictive of social rejection in dmPFC, right inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, TPJ and precuneus (cool colours in Fig. 3a).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Viewing photographs of an ex-partner elicits social rejection in recently rejected individuals.
  • May combine two claims. 22
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    A number of regions showed significant cross-classification between pain and rejection, implying shared representation at the local pattern level; these included left parahippocampal and fusiform gyri, retrosplenial cortex, right TPJ, posterior cingulate cortex and striatum.

    “a number of regions showed significant cross-classification between pain and rejection (yellow in Fig. 5), implying shared representation at the local pattern level. These included the left parahippocampal and fusiform gyri, retrosplenial cortex, right TPJ, posterior cingulate cortex and striatum (q<0.05, FDR corrected).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    No core pain-processing regions showed a significant correlation between SVM classifier weights for pain and rejection or between fMRI contrast images for pain and rejection.

    “No core pain-processing regions showed a significant correlation between (i) SVM classifier weights for pain and rejection (Fig. 4b, left) or (ii) fMRI contrast images for pain and rejection (Fig. 4b, right).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The dACC patterns for pain and rejection were distinct, r = −0.04, P = 0.23, and separately modifiable by pain and rejection.

    “the dACC patterns for pain and rejection were distinct, r = −0.04, P = 0.23 and separately modifiable by pain and rejection, as we expected.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In participants' verbal descriptions of viewing their ex-partner's photo, 9.7% of negative emotion words were pain-related, and 23% of participants used at least one pain-related word.

    “9.7% of all negative emotion words provided by participants were pain-related words (for example, painful, hurt and so on), with 23% of participants using at least one pain-related word.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Many regions showed significant classification accuracy for both pain and rejection but without significant cross-classification, indicating separate modifiability; these included dACC, aINS and dpINS/S2.

    “Many other regions showed significant classification accuracy for both pain and rejection (orange in Fig. 5), but without significant cross-classification (that is, separate modifiability). Such regions did include those targeted by primary nociceptive afferents (for example, dACC, aINS and dpINS/S2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The significant weight differences between pain and rejection patterns were mainly driven by significant positive weights for pain or rejection, but in some regions by significant negative weights, particularly negative weights for rejection in amygdala and thalamus.

    “The significant weight differences in these regions were mainly driven by significant positive weights for pain or rejection (Fig. 3b), but in some regions by significant negative weights; in particular, by negative weights for rejection in amygdala and thalamus.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Both pain and rejection activate somatosensory areas such as S2 and dpINS, but they activate different multivariate patterns within these areas.

    “although both pain and rejection activate somatosensory areas, such as S2 and dpINS, we demonstrate here that they activate different multivariate patterns within these areas.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Whole-brain fMRI multivariate patterns for pain and rejection are separately modifiable, suggesting functionally independent neural representations for pain and rejection.

    “These findings provide the first evidence for separate modifiability of whole-brain fMRI multivariate patterns for pain and rejection, suggesting the existence of functionally independent neural representations for pain and rejection.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Viewing photographs of an ex-partner elicits social rejection in recently rejected individuals.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Together, the findings indicate separable neural representations that are co-localized at the gross anatomical level.

    “Thus, together, the findings indicate separable neural representations that are co-localized at the gross anatomical level.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The functional connectivity networks for dACCpain and dACCrejection correspond well to the regions with differential predictive weights for pain and rejection in Study 1, although they were identified using distinct methodology in an independent sample.

    “These networks correspond well to the regions with differential predictive weights for pain and rejection in Study 1, but they were identified using distinct methodology (resting-state fMRI connectivity) in an independent sample in the absence of overt pain or social rejection.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Multivariate patterns encoding the intensity of pain and rejection are separately modifiable at the whole-brain level and within pain-processing regions.

    “We demonstrate that multivariate patterns encoding the intensity of pain and rejection are separately modifiable30 by showing that pain and rejection each influenced distinct, uncorrelated fMRI patterns at the whole-brain level and within ‘pain-processing’ regions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] Sternberg, S. Separate modifiability, mental modules, and the use of pure and composite measures to reveal them. Acta Psychol. 106, 147–246 (2001). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    This is an important issue with all MVPA analyses and fMRI results in general.

    “This is an important issue with all MVPA analyses and fMRI results in general61”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [61] Davis, T. & Poldrack, R. A. Measuring neural representations with fMRI: practices and pitfalls. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1296, 108–134 (2013). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Pain- and rejection-related multivariate patterns were uncorrelated and separately modifiable even within regions thought to encode pain affect, including dACC and aINS.

    “pain- and rejection-related multivariate patterns were uncorrelated and separately modifiable even within the regions thought to encode ‘pain affect,’ including the dACC and aINS.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Shared representations may exist, but they are not likely associated with nociceptive pain; rather, they are likely broadly associated with processes related to context, memory, motivated action, social inferences, and/or endogenous regulation.

    “Thus, shared representations may exist (proviso considerations outlined above), but they are not likely associated with nociceptive pain. Rather, they are likely to be broadly associated with processes related to context, memory, motivated action, social inferences, and/or endogenous regulation”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The difference between the current conclusion and the previous interpretation does not result from the addition of 20 more participants, but rather from the different level of analysis.

    “This conclusion, which differs from our previous interpretation of the data, does not result from the addition of 20 more participants (see Supplementary Fig. 7), but rather from the different level of analysis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    MVPA is more likely to reflect population codes across neurons and has greater sensitivity and specificity to particular types of mental events.

    “MVPA is more likely to reflect population codes across neurons43,45,48, as they have demonstrably greater sensitivity and specificity to particular types of mental events17,31,32.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 6 sources checked
    • cites [43] Kriegeskorte, N., Mur, M. & Bandettini, P. Representational similarity analysis—connecting the branches of systems neuroscience. Front. Sys. Neurosci. 2, 4 (2008). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [45] Kriegeskorte, N., Goebel, R. & Bandettini, P. Information-based functional brain mapping. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 3863–3868 (2006). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [48] Shmuel, A., Chaimow, D., Raddatz, G., Ugurbil, K. & Yacoub, E. Mechanisms underlying decoding at 7 T: Ocular dominance columns, broad structures, and macroscopic blood vessels in V1 convey information on the stimulated eye. Neuroimage 49, 1957–1964 (2010). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [17] Peelen, M. V., Wiggett, A. J. & Downing, P. E. Patterns of fMRI activity dissociate overlapping functional brain areas that respond to biological motion. Neuron 49, 815–822 (2006). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [31] Kamitani, Y. & Tong, F. Decoding the visual and subjective contents of the human brain. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 679–685 (2005). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [32] Wager, T. D. et al. An fMRI-based neurologic signature of physical pain. New Engl J. Med. 368, 1388–1397 (2013). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    All results were thresholded at q < 0.05, FDR corrected, two-tailed.

    “All results were thresholded at q < 0.05, FDR corrected, two-tailed.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The present findings suggest that pain and rejection are represented in distinct mesoscopic neural systems whose locations are conserved across individuals.

    “Instead, the present findings suggest that pain and rejection are represented in distinct mesoscopic neural systems whose locations are conserved across individuals.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation

    With a calibration procedure, the study chose two temperatures on a participant-by-participant basis to ensure that the subjective pain intensity was constant across participants.

    “With a calibration procedure65, we chose two temperatures on a participant-by-participant basis to be sure that the subjective pain intensity was constant across participants.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [65] Wager, T. D. et al. Placebo-induced changes in fMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain. Science 303, 1162–1167 (2004). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Participants were screened to ensure that they did not suffer from any neurological or psychiatric illness, experience chronic pain, take psychoactive medications, antihistamine or steroids, have metal in their bodies, or have a history of substance use or abuse.

    “Participants were screened to ensure that they did not suffer from any neurological or psychiatric illness, experience chronic pain, take psychoactive medications, antihistamine or steroids, have metal in their bodies, or have a history of substance use or abuse.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study used a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation procedure to assess classification accuracy of the SVM classifiers.

    “With a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation procedure, we assessed classification accuracy of the SVM classifiers using the forced-choice test”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    All participants experienced an unwanted romantic relationship break-up within the past 6 months and indicated that they felt rejected when thinking about their break-up; all participants rated high on a 1-7 rejection scale (M = 5.52, s.d. = 1.08).

    “All participants experienced an unwanted romantic relationship break-up within the past 6 months, and indicated that they felt rejected when thinking about their break-up; all participants rated high on a 1 (not at all rejected) to 7 (very rejected) scale asking how rejected they felt when they thought about their rejection experience (M = 5.52, s.d. = 1.08).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    FMRI task data were lost for one participant, so all imaging analyses were completed on 59 participants.

    “FMRI task data (for example, trial onset times) were lost for one participant. Thus, all imaging analyses were completed on 59 participants.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Each time-point identified as an outlier was included as a separate nuisance covariate in the first-level models.

    “Each time-point identified as outliers was included as a separate nuisance covariate in the first-level models.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The stimuli used in the current social rejection task (e.g., ex-partner photos) refer to past experience and only indirectly to present circumstance, whereas the somatic pain task elicits acute thermal pain.

    “Particularly, the stimuli used in the current social rejection task (for example, ex-partner photos) refer to past experience and only indirectly to present circumstance, whereas the somatic pain task elicits acute thermal pain.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The smoothing level (8-mm FWHM Gaussian kernel) has been shown to improve inter-subject functional alignment while retaining sensitivity to mesoscopic activity patterns that are consistent across individuals.

    “This smoothing level has been shown to improve inter-subject functional alignment, while retaining sensitivity to mesoscopic activity patterns that are consistent across individuals48,66.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [48] Shmuel, A., Chaimow, D., Raddatz, G., Ugurbil, K. & Yacoub, E. Mechanisms underlying decoding at 7 T: Ocular dominance columns, broad structures, and macroscopic blood vessels in V1 convey information on the stimulated eye. Neuroimage 49, 1957–1964 (2010). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [66] Op de Beeck, H. P. Against hyperacuity in brain reading: spatial smoothing does not hurt multivariate fMRI analyses? Neuroimage 49, 1943–1948 (2010). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study cropped all images to ensure the total area of the photograph taken up by the face was constant across Ex-partner and Friend images.

    “We cropped all images to ensure the total area of the photograph taken up by the face to be constant across Ex-partner and Friend images.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Participants provided cue phrases before the day of fMRI scanning using a procedure developed in prior research.

    “Participants provided these cue phrases before the day of fMRI scanning using a procedure developed in prior research64”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [64] Kross, E., Davidson, M., Weber, J. & Ochsner, K. Coping with emotions past: the neural bases of regulating affect associated with negative autobiographical memories. Biol. Psychiat. 65, 361–366 (2009). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Ratings of picture quality and attractiveness by ten individuals blind to the study goals and hypotheses indicated that the level of picture quality and attractiveness for each photograph did not differ between Ex-partner and Friend photographs.

    “Ratings of the picture quality and attractiveness by a group of ten individuals who were blind to the study goals and hypotheses indicated that the level of picture quality and attractiveness for each photograph did not differ between Ex-partner and Friend photographs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
29 of 29

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Viewing photographs of an ex-partner elicits social rejection in recently rejected individuals.

    “We recruited individuals who recently experienced an unwanted break-up with their romantic partners and felt intensely rejected.”
    “In the social rejection task, in order to elicit emotions of social rejection, participants viewed a headshot photograph of their ex-partner (‘Ex-partner’ condition) or a close friend (‘Friend’ condition).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The across-individual pattern-based classification approach is more stable and generalizable than the within-subject approach.

    “We also focused only on pattern-based classification across individuals because this approach is more stable and generalizable than the within-subject approach.”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Recent studies suggest that pain and social rejection have distinct representations in the dACC and AI.

    “recent studies suggest that pain and social rejection have distinct representations in the dACC and AI (Woo et al., 2014; Kragel et al., 2018)”

    From Feeling left out or just surprised? Neural correlates of social exclusion and overinclusion in adolescence (2020) · cites this paper as Woo et al., 2014

  • Research using multivariate pattern analyses suggests distinct neural representations of physical pain and social rejection in the dACC and anterior insula, which are not distinguishable using traditional task-based fMRI contrasts.

    “research using multivariate pattern analyses suggests distinct neural representations of physical pain and social rejection in the dACC and anterior insula, which are not distinguishable using traditional task-based fMRI contrasts (Woo et al., 2014).”

    From Neural correlates of social exclusion across ages: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional MRI studies (2017) · cites this paper as Woo et al., 2014

Statistics recomputed

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  • Consistentt(118) = 0.26reported p = .8 · recomputed p = .795

    “t (118) = 0.26, p = .80”

1 of 1

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Authors
Woo, C.-W., Koban, L., Kross, E., Lindquist, M. A., Banich, M. T., Ruzic, L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., & Wager, T. D.
Affiliations
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Wager, Tor D.
ORCID
Venue
Nature Communications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014-11-17
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
5380-5380
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/ncomms6380
PMC
PMC4285151
OpenAlex
W2110646298
Cited by
310
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 1
FWCI
44.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (142252)
  • National Institutes of Health (RR009784, MH079485, NIH P41 RR009784)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (NIMH P50 MH079485, NIMH R01MH076136, NIDAR01DA035484-01)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH079485, MH079485, R01MH076136, NIMH P50)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA035484)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB R01EB016061, P41EB015909, R01EB016061)
  • National Center for Research Resources (NIHP41 RR009784, P41RR009784)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
bodily pain, social rejection, neural representations, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, functional connectivity, resting-state functional connectivity, affective representations
MeSH terms
Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, Psychological Distance, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging

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