The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prefrontal-Subcortical Pathways Mediating Successful Emotion Regulation
Open accessAbstract
Although prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the cognitive regulation of emotion, the cortical-subcortical interactions that mediate this ability remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we identified a right ventrolateral prefrontal region (vlPFC) whose activity correlated with reduced negative emotional experience during cognitive reappraisal of aversive images. We then applied a pathway-mapping analysis on subcortical regions to locate mediators of the association between vlPFC activity and reappraisal success (i.e., reductions in reported emotion). Results identified two separable pathways that together explained approximately 50% of the reported variance in self-reported emotion: (1) a path through nucleus accumbens that predicted greater reappraisal success, and (2) a path through ventral amygdala that predicted reduced reappraisal success (i.e., more negative emotion). These results provide direct evidence that vlPFC is involved in both the generation and regulation of emotion through different subcortical pathways, suggesting a general role for this region in appraisal processes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Further, greater dmPFC activation and connectivity with the amygdala corresponded to reappraisal success in both healthy individuals (Banks, Eddy, Angstadt, Nathan, & Phan, 2007; Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008) and patients with social anxiety disorder (Goldin et al., 2009).”
From Changes in functional connectivity with cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder predict outcomes at follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In one of the studies (Wager et al., 2008), when the rated success of emotional regulation was regressed on the cognitive reappraisal of emotion contrast, the dlPFC contribution was smaller and that of the lOFC/vlPFC larger than in the standard subtraction analysis (Figure 5).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“some studies demonstrated the role of VLPFC on mediating Amygdala activity in respect to negative stimuli41,42”
From Ventrolateral but not Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex tDCS effectively impact emotion reappraisal – effects on Emotional Experience and Interbeat Interval (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The emotional Stroop task regularly shows prefrontal activations both in dlPFC and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC)/vlPFC (Eippert et al., 2007; Wager et al., 2008; Kanske et al., 2011; Golkar et al., 2012; Buhle et al., 2014)”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This dual role of the VLPFC in emotion regulation may be reflected in positive amygdala-VLPFC associations which negatively predict regulation success and positive VS-VLPFC associations which positively predict regulation success (Wager et al., 2008).”
From Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“but one can infer from our analyses and the literature, that a highly plausible candidate structure in the direct pathway model would be the VLPFC as it detects salience, is a core structure for appraisal processes (Hampshire et al., 2010; Wager et al., 2008) and would also be in a good position to initiate higher order cognitive processes or complex behaviors through its involvement in the medial”
From Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“In this study, vmPFC activity was associated with increased reappraisal success in a manner mediated by changes in the ventral striatum, though other dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal regions are likely to be important as well [54,55].”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“In one recent study, positive reappraisal reduced amygdala responses to aversive visual images and increases activity in the ventral striatum, which in turn predict reappraisal effects on emotional experience [54] (figure 1h).”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“A second prediction is that reappraisal-related fMRI activity will emerge when controlling for activity in lateral cortical ‘attention systems’ (partially done in [54]; see Supplementary Online Materials for additional discussion).”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“the NAc-vmPFC pathway previously shown to be important for emotion/pain regulation, and valuation in a range of contexts [6],[53],[74]–[77]”
From Distinct Brain Systems Mediate the Effects of Nociceptive Input and Self-Regulation on Pain (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Ex-partner versus Friend was predicted by increased activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), right temporal parietal junction (TPJ) and precuneus, which are reliably associated with mentalizing about others38,39, and several other regions associated with negative emotion and its regulation20,40,41, including thalamus, supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus.”
From Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection (2014) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“and VS activity mediated the relationship between ventrolateral PFC activation and reappraisal success (i.e. less negative emotional experience).”
From Neural correlates of social exclusion across ages: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional MRI studies (2017) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Wager and colleagues (2008) found that ventrolateral PFC activation was positively correlated with that of the VS when engaging in cognitive reappraisal of aversive images”
From Neural correlates of social exclusion across ages: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional MRI studies (2017) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Similarly, ventral lPFC has also been identified in studies of negative affect following social exclusion (Sebastian et al., 2009), emotion regulation in labeling negative affect (Lieberman et al., 2007), and negative emotion reappraisal (Wager et al., 2008).”
From Risk-taking and social exclusion in adolescence: neural mechanisms underlying peer influences on decision-making (2013) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Given its role in reward processing, the ventral striatum may serve to aid in the reappraisal of negative experiences into positive interpretations (Masten et al., 2009, Wager et al., 2009).”
From Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: a new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation (2016) · cites this paper as Wager et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532 · cited 3×
“The MEPM analysis is based on a standard three-variable path model (Baron and Kenny, 1986) with a bootstrap test for the statistical significance of the product a*b (Efron and Tibshirani, 1993; Shrout and Bolger, 2002), as diagrammed in Figure 1.”
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2983304 · Cited by 22,453 · cited 4×
“The Mediation Effect Parametric Map (MEPM) analysis is based on a standard 3-variable path model (Baron and Kenny, 1986) with a bootstrap test for statistical significance (Efron and Tibshirani, 1993; Shrout and Bolger, 2002).”
InfluentialMediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422 · Cited by 11,335 · cited 3×
“The MEPM analysis is based on a standard three-variable path model (Baron and Kenny, 1986) with a bootstrap test for the statistical significance of the product a*b (Efron and Tibshirani, 1993; Shrout and Bolger, 2002), as diagrammed in Figure 1.”
The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates
Cavanna, A. E., & Trimble, M. R. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl004 · Cited by 5,128 · cited 2×
“…in the control and switching of attention among objects and object features (Barber and Carter, 2005; Wager et al., 2004a) and in monitoring of the internal environment and “self” (Cavanna and Trimble, 2006; Gusnard and Raichle, 2001) and episodic memory retrieval (Lundstrom et al., 2005).”
Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate
Genovese, C. R., Lazar, N. A., & Nichols, T. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1037 · Cited by 4,923
The cognitive control of emotion
OCHSNER, K., & GROSS, J. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010 · Cited by 4,495
Self-citationEquivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/a:1026595011371 · Cited by 4,188 · cited 2×
“However, as MacKinnon et al. (MacKinnon et al., 2000) describe in their re-analysis of these data, those who had greater reason to use steroids tended to enroll in the program, creating a positive link between reasons for using steroids and program enrollment.”
Lewis, M., Haviland, J. M., & Barrett, L. F. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076468 · Cited by 3,944
Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087 · Cited by 3,502 · cited 1×
“…stimuli that do (e.g. a small child crying hysterically) and stimuli that do not (e.g. a fearful facial expression) generate negative emotional experiences, it is more consistently activated by the stimuli that do not elicit experience (Phan et al., 2002; Phan et al., 2004; Wager et al., in press).”
Self-citationEtkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · cited 5×
“The amygdala is the affect-related region most commonly modulated during reappraisal (Ochsner and Gross, 2005, 2008); it has been implicated in detecting, attending to, and encoding into memory affectively arousing and especially threatening stimuli (Holland and Gallagher, 1999; Phelps, 2006; Whalen, 1998), and it is…”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
16 of the 130 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Whalen, 1998, Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: Initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala, Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci., 7, 177, 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10836912 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data.
Yarkoni, T., Poldrack, R. A., Nichols, T. E., Van Essen, D. C., & Wager, T. D. (2011) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1635 · Cited by 3,686
Self-citationfMRIPrep: A robust preprocessing pipeline for functional MRI
Esteban, O., Markiewicz, C. J., Blair, R. W., Moodie, C. A., Isik, A. I., Erramuzpe, A., Kent, J. D., Goncalves, M., DuPre, E., Snyder, M., et al. (2019) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4 · Cited by 3,905
Thayer, J. F., Åhs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009 · Cited by 3,224
Self-citationHölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691611419671 · Cited by 3,024
Resting-state connectivity biomarkers define neurophysiological subtypes of depression
Drysdale, A. T., Grosenick, L., Downar, J., Dunlop, K., Mansouri, F., Meng, Y., Fetcho, R. N., Zebley, B., Oathes, D. J., Etkin, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4246 · Cited by 2,170
Kaiser, R. H., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Wager, T. D., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0071 · Cited by 2,281
Self-citationCognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies
Buhle, J. T., Silvers, J. A., Wager, T. D., Lopez, R., Onyemekwu, C., Kober, H., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht154 · Cited by 1,896
Self-citationOchsner, K. N., Silvers, J. A., & Buhle, J. T. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x · Cited by 1,879
Self-citationNeural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression.
Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., Haigh, E. A. P., & Beck, A. T. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3027 · Cited by 1,718
“Top-down activity from the PFC has been shown to trigger dopamine release, which incites nucleus accumbens and amygdala activity in response to reward”
BackgroundPain catastrophizing: a critical review.
Quartana, P. J., Campbell, C. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.34 · Cited by 1,405
The Influences of Emotion on Learning and Memory
Chai, M. T., Amin, H. U., Saad, M. N. M., & Malik, A. S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454 · Cited by 1,937
“This result indicates the VLPFC’s role in the regulation of emotional responses (reducing negative appraisal and generating positive appraisal) by retrieving appropriate information from memory (Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPsychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience
Feder, A., Nestler, E. J., & Charney, D. S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2649 · Cited by 1,272
The neural bases of emotion regulation
Etkin, A., Büchel, C., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4044 · Cited by 1,244
GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota
Strandwitz, P., Kim, K. H., Terekhova, D., Liu, J. K., Sharma, A., Levering, J., McDonald, D., Dietrich, D., Ramadhar, T. R., Lekbua, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0307-3 · Cited by 1,170
Russo, S. J., Murrough, J. W., Han, M.-H., Charney, D. S., & Nestler, E. J. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3234 · Cited by 1,206
Cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation failure
Heatherton, T. F., & Wagner, D. D. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.12.005 · Cited by 1,033
Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a dual-process framework.
Gyurak, A., Gross, J. J., & Etkin, A. (2011) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.544160 · Cited by 1,015
Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis
Kohn, N., Eickhoff, S. B., Scheller, M., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. T., & Habel, U. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.001 · Cited by 956
“In the past decade, an increasing number of neuroimaging studies have focused on neural correlates of emotion regulation (Beauregard et al., 2001; Domes et al., 2010; Ochsner et al., 2002, 2004; Schulze et al., 2011; Urry et al., 2006; van Reekum et al., 2007; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKoster, E. H. W., De Lissnyder, E., Derakshan, N., & De Raedt, R. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.005 · Cited by 916
Sex Differences in the Adult Human Brain: Evidence from 5216 UK Biobank Participants
Ritchie, S. J., Cox, S. R., Shen, X., Lombardo, M. V., Reus, L. M., Alloza, C., Harris, M. A., Alderson, H. L., Hunter, S., Neilson, E., et al. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy109 · Cited by 855
“and decision-making, such as the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, the bilateral insula, and the left isthmus of the cingulate gyrus [22-25], but also areas such as the right fusiform gyrus.”
BackgroundSocial influences on neuroplasticity: stress and interventions to promote well-being
Davidson, R. J., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3093 · Cited by 892
Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning
Roy, M., Shohamy, D., & Wager, T. D. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.005 · Cited by 856
Self-citationKim, M. J., Loucks, R. A., Palmer, A. L., Brown, A. C., Solomon, K. M., Marchante, A. N., & Whalen, P. J. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.025 · Cited by 838
“Unlike extinction, many motion regulation studies point to the ventral and dorsal lateral refrontal cortex (vlPFC and dlPFC, respectively), in addition to the entral medial prefrontal cortex, as critical for regulating amygdala ctivity [59,66,67,69,71].”
BackgroundThe neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health
Wager, T. D., & Atlas, L. Y. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3976 · Cited by 844
Self-citationAssessing and tuning brain decoders: Cross-validation, caveats, and guidelines
Varoquaux, G. P., Raamana, P. R., Engemann, D. A., Hoyos-Idrobo, A., Schwartz, Y., & Thirion, B. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.038 · Cited by 848
“We discriminate across subjects i) affective content with data from [59], ii) visual from narrative with data from [39], iii) famous, familiar, and scrambled faces from a visual-presentations dataset [22], and iv) left and right saccades in data from [26].”
The Statistical Analysis of fMRI Data
Lindquist, M. A. (2008) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/09-sts282 · Cited by 569
“For example, it may be of interest to determine brain regions that mediate changes in heart rate or increases in reported stress in response to a task (Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDevelopment of large-scale functional brain networks in children
Supekar, K., Musen, M., & Menon, V. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157 · Cited by 807
“Paralimbic and association areas also moderate emotional reactivity to stimuli in limbic areas [77,78].”
BackgroundEmotion and the prefrontal cortex: an integrative review
Dixon, M. L., Thiruchselvam, R., Todd, R., & Christoff, K. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000096 · Cited by 745
“…Dixon & Christoff, 2014; Haber & Behrens, 2014; Lane et al., 2015; McDannald et al., 2012; Ochsner & Gross, 2005; Ochsner & Gross, 2014; Rolls, 2004; Rudebeck & Murray, 2014; Rushworth et al., 2011; Shackman et al., 2011; Sharpe & Schoenbaum, 2016; Vogt, 2009b; Wager et al., 2008; Wallis, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialPrefrontal–striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving
Kober, H., Mende-Siedlecki, P., Kross, E. F., Weber, J., Mischel, W., Hart, C. L., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1007779107 · Cited by 695
“Such robust procedures are therefore particularly resistant to outliers (56) and have been used previously with fMRI data (36, 57).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationCentral and autonomic nervous system interaction is altered by short-term meditation
Tang, Y.-Y., Ma, Y., Fan, Y., Feng, H., Wang, J., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Hu, B., Lin, Y., Li, J., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904031106 · Cited by 680
A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience
Kalisch, R., Müller, M. B., & Tüscher, O. (2015) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x1400082x · Cited by 669
Etkin, A., Prater, K. E., Schatzberg, A. F., Menon, V., & Greicius, M. D. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.104 · Cited by 664
McRae, K., Gross, J. J., Weber, J., Robertson, E. R., Sokol-Hessner, P., Ray, R. D., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr093 · Cited by 655
“While increasing attention has been paid to reappraisal in adults, little is known about how this adaptive ability develops over the course of adolescence.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Neural Bases of Distraction and Reappraisal
McRae, K., Hughes, B., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21243 · Cited by 642
“The ventral striatum, which has a strong role in processing reward and positive affect, was more active in those that had greater reappraisal-related decreases in negative affect (McRae et al., 2008; Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008 ).”
Self-citationAldao, A., Gee, D. G., De Los Reyes, A., & Seager, I. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000638 · Cited by 636
The influence of negative emotions on pain: Behavioral effects and neural mechanisms
Wiech, K., & Tracey, I. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.059 · Cited by 614
“However, a recent neuroimaging study addressed a similar question regarding emotion regulation (Wager et al., 2008).”
Neural Correlates of Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation
Kim, S. H., & Hamann, S. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.5.776 · Cited by 615
Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood
Kim, P., Evans, G. W., Angstadt, M., Ho, S. S., Sripada, C. S., Swain, J. E., Liberzon, I., & Phan, K. L. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308240110 · Cited by 610
“First, we estimated regulation success of negative emotions by subtracting Reappraisal ratings from Maintain ratings (21).”
BackgroundMethodCompassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering.
Weng, H. Y., Fox, A. S., Shackman, A. J., Stodola, D. E., Caldwell, J. Z. K., Olson, M. C., Rogers, G. M., & Davidson, R. J. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612469537 · Cited by 602
De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.1.50 · Cited by 583
Getting the pain you expect: mechanisms of placebo, nocebo and reappraisal effects in humans
Tracey, I. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2229 · Cited by 553
“Such successful regulation of emotional responses seems to be mediated by the vlPFC interacting with the nucleus accumbens and suppressing amygdala activatio”
BackgroundMasten, C. L., Eisenberger, N. I., Borofsky, L. A., Pfeifer, J. H., McNealy, K., Mazziotta, J. C., & Dapretto, M. (2009) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsp007 · Cited by 529
“The following abbreviations are used for the names of specific regions: ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC), subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (subACC). by guest on July 3, 2012 http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from examining neural activity that was negatively correlated with subjective…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHare, T. A., Camerer, C. F., Knoepfle, D. T., O'Doherty, J. P., & Rangel, A. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4089-09.2010 · Cited by 527
The ecology of human fear: survival optimization and the nervous system
Mobbs, D., Hagan, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Silston, B., & Prévost, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00055 · Cited by 498
“In humans, the PAG is active during both placebo and opioid analgesia (Petrovic et al., 2002), suggesting that the basis for placebo effects might lie within the brain’s ability to anticipate injury.”
BackgroundThe neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action
Willner, P., Scheel-Krüger, J., & Belzung, C. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.007 · Cited by 519
“The act of reappraising a stimulus more negatively was associated with increased activity in the amygdala and decreased activity in the nucleus accumbens; conversely, a positive reappraisal was associated with decreased amygdalar activity (Ochsner et al., 2004; Ochsner and Gross, 2005; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe nucleus accumbens: a comprehensive review
Salgado, S., & Kaplitt, M. G. (2015) · Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000368279 · Cited by 489
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.121 · Cited by 528
“In this model, the DLPFC (eg, Ochsner et al, 2002; Delgado et al, 2008) is involved in the effortful manipulation or interpretation of the stimulus and the VLPFC may have a function in the selection of emotion interpretation (eg, Wager et al, 2008).”
MethodDong, D., Wang, Y., Chang, X., Luo, C., & Yao, D. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx034 · Cited by 486
Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.027 · Cited by 544
“In contrast, regions of the PFC ppear to support intentional efforts to reinterpret negative stimuli ore positively (13,56) as well as the automatic effects of positive ontextual information on interpretation of ambiguous facial exressions (57).”
BackgroundFunctional Biomarkers of Depression: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pathophysiology
Schmidt, H. D., Shelton, R. C., & Duman, R. S. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.151 · Cited by 491
“Resilience is regulated by neuroadaptations in neural circuits that regulate fear (Bush et al, 2007), reward (Cao et al, 2010), social behavior (Elliott et al, 2010), affect, and mood (Wager et al, 2008).”
BackgroundThe Frontoparietal Control System: A Central Role in Mental Health
Cole, M. W., Repovš, G., & Anticevic, A. (2014) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858414525995 · Cited by 461
Reward and motivation in pain and pain relief
Navratilova, E., & Porreca, F. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3811 · Cited by 501
Morawetz, C., Bode, S., Derntl, B., & Heekeren, H. R. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.014 · Cited by 458
“…studies on emotion regulation used complex emotionally evocative scenes from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) (Bradley and Lang, 2007) to induce negative emotions (e.g., Denny et al., 2015; Eippert et al., 2007; Ochsner et al., 2004; Urry et al., 2006; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHeller, A. S., Johnstone, T., Shackman, A. J., Light, S. N., Peterson, M. J., Kolden, G. G., Kalin, N. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0910651106 · Cited by 444
Anatomical insights into the interaction of emotion and cognition in the prefrontal cortex
Ray, R. D., & Zald, D. H. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.005 · Cited by 446
“Figure adapted with permission from Wager et al. (2008).”
A computational and neural model of momentary subjective well-being
Rutledge, R. B., Skandali, N., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1407535111 · Cited by 444
“There were five certain amounts (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) and the gamble gain amount was determined using 10 multipliers on the certain amount (1.”
MethodBrain mediators of cardiovascular responses to social threat
Wager, T. D., Waugh, C. E., Lindquist, M., Noll, D. C., Fredrickson, B. L., & Taylor, S. F. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.043 · Cited by 402
Self-citationRutherford, B. R., Brewster, K., Golub, J. S., Kim, A. H., & Roose, S. P. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040423 · Cited by 459
“These findings suggest that dysfunctional auditory–limbic connectivity and diminished functionality of key nodes such as theanteriorcingulatecortexmay impairbothemotionreactivity (default neural and behavioral responses to emotional stimuli) and emotion regulation (the reshaping of emotion based on directed, goal-comp…”
Brain mediators of predictive cue effects on perceived pain
Atlas, L. Y., Bolger, N., Lindquist, M. A., & Wager, T. D. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0057-10.2010 · Cited by 389
Self-citationFear is only as deep as the mind allows
Diekhof, E. K., Geier, K., Falkai, P., & Gruber, O. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.073 · Cited by 413
A functional architecture of the human brain: emerging insights from the science of emotion
Lindquist, K. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.005 · Cited by 426
“10 emotion regulation (in which a current emotional state is reconceptualized as a different emotional state) [71]”
Kim, M. J., Gee, D. G., Loucks, R. A., Davis, F. C., & Whalen, P. J. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq237 · Cited by 388
Missing-Value, M.-V. (2020) · The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.4324/9781315536255-17 · Cited by 385
Toward open sharing of task-based fMRI data: the OpenfMRI project
Poldrack, R. A., Barch, D. M., Mitchell, J. P., Wager, T. D., Wagner, A. D., Devlin, J. T., Cumba, C., Koyejo, S., & Milham, M. P. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2013.00012 · Cited by 354
Self-citationEmotion regulation and decision making under risk and uncertainty
Heilman, R. M., Crişan, L. G., Houser, D., Miclea, M., & Miu, A. C. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018489 · Cited by 369
Picó-Pérez, M., Radua, J., Steward, T., Menchón, J. M., & Soriano-Mas, C. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.001 · Cited by 367
“, 2014), particularly in the inhibition of emotional appraisals (Wager et al., 2009).”
Reward Reduces Conflict by Enhancing Attentional Control and Biasing Visual Cortical Processing
Padmala, S., & Pessoa, L. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00011 · Cited by 362
“To probe potential network interactions, we performed mediation analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986 ), with the goal of assessing the model shown in Figure 2A (for recent applications to neuroimaging data, see Atlas, Bolger, Lindquist, & Wager, 2010 ; Lim, Padmala, & Pessoa, 2009 ; Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochs…”
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks
Bush, G. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.120 · Cited by 358
“…supporting emotion and/or vigilanceFsuch as the perigenual ACC, amygdala, and PCC (Davis and Whalen, 2001; Hayden et al, 2009; Rauch et al, 2006; Wager et al, 2008; Whalen et al, 1998)Fcould improve cognitive task performance by reducing interference from sources unrelated to the task at hand,…”
BackgroundDownar, J. H., Geraci, J., Salomons, T. V., Dunlop, K., Wheeler, S. M., McAndrews, M. P., Bakker, N., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Kennedy, S. H., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.026 · Cited by 362
“This set of regions corresponded well to the network of regions previously implicated in depression and emotional reappraisal (12,14,50,51).”
Training the Emotional Brain: Improving Affective Control through Emotional Working Memory Training
Schweizer, S., Grahn, J. A., Hampshire, A., Mobbs, D., & Dalgleish, T. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2593-12.2013 · Cited by 388
“…is to exert downregulatory effects on experienced emotional distress through projections to the amygdala and midbrain nuclei from the lateral and medial PFC components, including the dorsal and subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC) (Ochsner and Gross, 2005; Wager et al., 2008; Etkin et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKelly, R. E., Alexopoulos, G. S., Wang, Z., Gunning, F. M., Murphy, C. F., Morimoto, S. S., Kanellopoulos, D., Jia, Z., Lim, K. O., & Hoptman, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.028 · Cited by 345
“…costs and the availability of automated methods for drawing ROIs, some studies still utilize manual drawing of ROIs (McKeown and Hanlon, 2004; Pereira et al., 2007; Wager et al., 2008), presumably because of anticipated improvement in drawing accuracy with manual methods (Huettel et al., 2004c).”
MethodBottom-Up and Top-Down Processes in Emotion Generation
Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Hughes, B., Kateri Mcrae, A., Cooper, J. C., Weber, J., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02459.x · Cited by 523
Self-citationDunlop, B. W., Rajendra, J. K., Craighead, W. E., Kelley, M. E., McGrath, C. L., Choi, K. S., Kinkead, B., Nemeroff, C. B., & Mayberg, H. S. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16050518 · Cited by 342
“The VLPFC activity in healthy controls has been linked repeatedly to emotion regulation (58, 59) and sustained attention (60).”
Edmiston, E. E. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.565 · Cited by 341
“The RPFC is associated with behavioral control functions, including attention direction, decision making, response inhibition, and emotion regulation.(60-63) Bilateral DLPFC functions overlap RPFC functions and also include working memory, cognitive reappraisal of affective experience, and behavioral planning.”
The mesoaccumbens dopamine in coping with stress
Cabib, S., & Puglisi-Allegra, S. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.012 · Cited by 329
“Cognitive elaboration monitors external and internal outcomes of these actions to determine whether the situation is controllable (Huether et al., 1999; Phan et al., 2004; Olff et al., 2005; Paul et al., 2005; Veissier and Boissy, 2007; Wager et al., 2008).”
Neurobiology of depression, fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain
Maletic, V. (2009) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3598 · Cited by 384
Wager, T. D., Atlas, L. Y., Leotti, L. A., & Rilling, J. K. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3420-10.2011 · Cited by 328
“Cluster analysis on the correlations among significant regions (Wager et al., 2007b, 2008) revealed that they were organized into a best-guess estimate of five networks (permutation test p 0.001, compared with the null hypothesis of no functional grouping).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationReward, Addiction, and Emotion Regulation Systems Associated With Rejection in Love
Fisher, H. E., Brown, L. L., Aron, A., Strong, G., & Mashek, D. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00784.2009 · Cited by 328
“…Table 1 of Aron et al. (2005a) and from their results; also from other studies of romantic love, studies of craving, emotional regulation, and attachment (Bartels and Zeki 2000, 2004; Breiter et al. 1997; Eisenberger et al. 2003; Ortigue et al. 2007; Strathearn et al. 2008; Wager et al. 2008 ).”
ResultRitchey, M., Dolcos, F., Eddington, K. M., Strauman, T. J., & Cabeza, R. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.007 · Cited by 320
“Emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal are effective in reducing negative affect in healthy controls (Gross, 1998; Ochsner and Gross, 2008), a process thought to depend on prefrontally-mediated down-regulation of arousal responses in the AMY (Ochsner et al., 2002; Wager et al., 2008).”
Fettes, P., Schulze, L., & Downar, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2017.00025 · Cited by 299
“Later investigations further subdivided the OFC into additional subregions based on granularity and other staining criteria (Walker, 1940).”
BackgroundMethodCognitive dysfunction in depression: Neurocircuitry and new therapeutic strategies
Murrough, J. W., Iacoviello, B., Neumeister, A., Charney, D. S., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.06.006 · Cited by 307
Fear-Conditioning Mechanisms Associated with Trait Vulnerability to Anxiety in Humans
Indovina, I., Robbins, T. W., Núñez-Elizalde, A. O., Dunn, B. D., & Bishop, S. J. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.034 · Cited by 310
“This decision was informed by both methodological and theoretical considerations including the debate within the neuropsychological literature as to the privileged role of right, versus left, vPFC in emotion regulation (Tranel et al., 2002; see also Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodSeparate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection
Woo, C.-W., Koban, L., Kross, E., Lindquist, M. A., Banich, M. T., Ruzic, L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., & Wager, T. D. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6380 · Cited by 310
Self-citationKross, E., Davidson, M., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.019 · Cited by 295
“The third “analyze” strategy directed participants to objectively analyze the causes and reasons underlying their feelings and was designed as a memory analog of cognitive reappraisal strategies used in prior fMRI studies (12,13,18,19).”
Self-citationPfeifer, J. H., & Allen, N. B. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.011 · Cited by 299
Berna, C., Leknes, S., Holmes, E. A., Edwards, R. R., Goodwin, G. M., & Tracey, I. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.014 · Cited by 305
Pfeifer, J. H., Masten, C. L., Moore, W. E., Oswald, T. M., Mazziotta, J. C., Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.019 · Cited by 294
“…et al., 2010; Levita et al., 2009; Rich et al., 2006), and most importantly, this area has recently been implicated in successful emotion regulation and greater subjective positive affect in both adolescents and adults (Forbes et al., 2009, 2010; Masten et al., 2009; Wager et al., 2008 ).”
InfluentialEmotion regulation reduces loss aversion and decreases amygdala responses to losses
Sokol‐Hessner, P., Camerer, C. F., & Phelps, E. A. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss002 · Cited by 327
“…other studies on emotion regulation differ from the current study in that their quantitative analyses of regulation success focused on the group level (Ochsner et al., 2002, 2004; Banks et al., 2007; Eippert et al., 2007; Delgado et al., 2008a, 2008b; Wager et al., 2008; Urry et al., 2009).”
ResultCremers, H. R., Demenescu, L. R., Aleman, A., Renken, R., van Tol, M.-J., van der Wee, N. J. A., Veltman, D. J., & Roelofs, K. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.023 · Cited by 288
“For example, some studies have shown subcortical–prefrontal connectivity in relation to functions such as re-appraisal (Banks et al., 2007; Wager et al., 2008), extinction learning (Quirk and Beer, 2006) and response conflict (Etkin et al., 2006).”
ResultHölzel, B. K., Hoge, E. A., Greve, D. N., Gard, T., Creswell, J. D., Brown, K. W., Barrett, L. F., Schwartz, C., Vaitl, D., & Lazar, S. W. (2013) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.011 · Cited by 281
“The VLPFC is involved in inhibitory control (Cohen et al., 2013) and its activation typically increases when healthy subjects voluntarily downregulate unpleasant emotions (Ochsner et al., 2004; Phan et al., 2005;Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundDifferent Forms of Self-Control Share a Neurocognitive Substrate
Tabibnia, G., Monterosso, J. R., Baicy, K., Aron, A. R., Poldrack, R. A., Chakrapani, S., Lee, B., & London, E. D. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2859-10.2011 · Cited by 271
Large-Scale Meta-Analysis of Human Medial Frontal Cortex Reveals Tripartite Functional Organization
de la Vega, A. I., Chang, L. J., Banich, M. T., Wager, T. D., & Yarkoni, T. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4402-15.2016 · Cited by 304
“To estimate the uncertainty around silhouette scores, we used a permutation procedure previously used by our group (Wager et al., 2008).”
Self-citationTelzer, E. H. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.010 · Cited by 274
Neural correlates of alexithymia: A meta-analysis of emotion processing studies
van der Velde, J., Servaas, M. N., Goerlich, K. S., Bruggeman, R., Horton, P., Costafreda, S. G., & Aleman, A. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.008 · Cited by 294
“Indeed, eappraisal success has been found to correlate with activation n the dMPFC (Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNew targets for rTMS in depression: A review of convergent evidence
Downar, J., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2013) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.08.006 · Cited by 257
Behavioral effects of longitudinal training in cognitive reappraisal.
Denny, B. T., & Ochsner, K. N. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035276 · Cited by 269
“The reappraisal task was very similar to one that has been described previously and used in numerous prior studies (e.g., Denny et al., in press; McRae et al., 2010; Ochsner et al., 2002, 2004; Wager et al., 2008).”
Self-citationPredicting treatment response in social anxiety disorder from functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Doehrmann, O., Ghosh, S. S., Polli, F. E., Reynolds, G. O., Horn, F., Keshavan, A., Triantafyllou, C., Saygin, Z. M., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Hofmann, S. G., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.5 · Cited by 262
Wager, T. D., van Ast, V. A., Hughes, B. L., Davidson, M. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.044 · Cited by 264
“…may be linked more tightly to short-term predictive cues than to the core experience of threat or anxiety per se (Amaral, 2003; Anderson et al., 2003; Anderson & Phelps, 2002; Ewbank, Barnard, Croucher, Ramponi, & Calder, 2009; Phan et al., 2003; T. D. Wager et al., 2008; Whalen et al., 1998).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationDistinct Brain Systems Mediate the Effects of Nociceptive Input and Self-Regulation on Pain
Woo, C.-W., Roy, M., Buhle, J. T., & Wager, T. D. (2015) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002036 · Cited by 263
“Finally, as in previous studies [2,3,6,72], several prefrontal regions showed increasing activity in both regulate-up and regulate-down conditions, presumably reflecting demand on context-generation systems.”
ResultSelf-citationLieberman, M. D. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001005 · Cited by 231
Metadata
- Authors
- Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wager, Tor D.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1037-1050
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2742320
- OpenAlex
- W2049423401
- Cited by
- 1,761
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 210 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 31.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1780 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0631637)
- National Institutes of Health (MH076136, MH076137)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, negative emotions, appraisal process, pathway mapping
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, Comprehension
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
