Antinociceptive effects of the non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 are absent in CB1(−/−) and not CB2(−/−) mice in models of acute and persistent pain
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a role for both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in modulation of nociception. To further examine the role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in antinociception, we evaluated the efficacy of the non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP 55,940, in models of acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain in control mice, CB1 receptor knockout mice, and CB2 receptor knockout mice. In control C57BL/6 mice, administration of CP 55,940 (0.03-0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed complete Freund's adjuvant-induced tactile allodynia, reversed tactile allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation model and inhibited the noxious heat-evoked tail withdrawal response. In addition to its antinociceptive effects, CP 55,940 produced an impairment of motor coordination in the rotarod test. The antinociceptive effects produced by CP 55,940 and associated motor deficits were found to be completely abolished in CB1 receptor knockout mice. In contrast, the antinociceptive effects of CP 55,940 in all pain models were fully retained in CB2 receptor knockout mice, along with the associated motor deficits. The results suggest that the antinociceptive effects of CP 55,940 in models of acute and persistent pain, along with the associated motor deficits, are mediated by CB1 receptors, and likely not CB2 receptors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mixed CB1/CB2 agonists such as CP55,940 or WIN55,212-2 typically act as CB1-selective agonists following systemic administration, although CB2-mediated effects may be unmasked following administration of CB2-selective agents or local administration of the same compounds.
“Mixed CB1/CB2 agonists, such as CP55,940 or WIN55,212-2, typically act as CB1-selective agonists following systemic administration,45 although CB2-mediated effects may be unmasked following administration of CB2-selective agents or following local administration of the same compounds.”
From Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside (2009) · cites this paper as [45]
Activity at CB1 dominates the antinociceptive profile of mixed CB1/CB2 agonists following systemic administration.
“CP55,940 produces antinociception in CB1+/+, CB2+/+, CB2-/-, but not CB1-/- mice subjected to SNL, suggesting that activity at CB1 dominates the antinocieptive profile of mixed CB1/CB2 agonists following systemic administration.45”
From Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside (2009) · cites this paper as [45]
Cites
Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw
Chaplan, S. R., Bach, F. W., Pogrel, J. W., Chung, J. M., & Yaksh, T. L. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(94)90144-9 · Cited by 7,740 · see citing works
Ledent, C. A., Valverde, O., Cossu, G., Petitet, F., Aubert, J.-F., Beslot, F., Böhme, G. A., Impérato, A., Pedrazzini, T., Roques, B. P., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5400.401 · Cited by 3,612 · see citing works
Ho Kim, S., & Mo Chung, J. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90041-9 · Cited by 3,069 · see citing works
Galiègue, S., Mary, S., Marchand, J., Dussossoy, D., Carrière, D., Carayon, P., Bouaboula, M., Shire, D. J., Fur, G. L., & Casellas, P. (1995) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20780.x · Cited by 1,751 · see citing works
Increased mortality, hypoactivity, and hypoalgesia in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice
Zimmer, A., Zimmer, A. M., Hohmann, A. G., Herkenham, M. A., & Bonner, T. I. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5780 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Felder, C., Joyce, K. E., Briley, E. M., Mansouri, J., Mackie, K., Blond, O., Lai, Y., Ma, A. L., & Mitchell, R. (1995) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)10492-6 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Cannabinoid receptors and pain
Pertwee, R. G. (2001) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00031-9 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Facci, L., Dal Toso, R., Romanello, S., Buriani, A., Skaper, S. D., & Leon, A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3376 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Ibrahim, M. M., Deng, H., Zvonok, A., Cockayne, D. A., Kwan, J., Mata, H. P., Vanderah, T. W., Lai, J., Porreca, F., Makriyannis, A., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1834309100 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
The pharmacological activity of anandamide, a putative endogenous cannabinoid, in mice.
Smith, P. B., Compton, D. M., Welch, S. P., Razdan, R. K., Mechoulam, R., & Martin, B. R. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)22356-4 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Evidence for novel cannabinoid receptors
Begg, M., Pacher, P., Bátkai, S., Osei‐Hyiaman, D., Offertáler, L., Mo, F.-M., LIU, J., & Kunos, G. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.11.005 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Fox, A., Kesingland, A., Gentry, C., McNair, K., Patel, S., Urban, L., & James, I. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00474-7 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Herzberg, U., Eliav, E., Bennett, G. J., & Kopin, I. J. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13308-5 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Valenzano, K. J., Tafesse, L., Lee, G., Harrison, J. E., Boulet, J. M., Gottshall, S. L., Mark, L., Pearson, M. S., Miller, W., Shan, S., et al. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.12.008 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Antihyperalgesic effects of spinal cannabinoids
Richardson, J. D., Aanonsen, L., & Hargreaves, K. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01621-x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are implicated in inflammatory pain
Clayton, N., Marshall, F. H., Bountra, C., & O'Shaughnessy, C. T. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00454-7 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Inhibition of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia by Activation of Peripheral CB2Cannabinoid Receptors
Quartilho, A., Mata, H. P., Ibrahim, M. M., Vanderah, T. W., Porreca, F., Makriyannis, A., & Malan, T. P. (2003) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200310000-00031 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Bridges, D., Ahmad, K., & Rice, A. S. C. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704110 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids and pain: spinal and peripheral analgesia in inflammation and neuropathy
Rice, A. S. C., Farquhar-Smith, W. P., & Nagy, I. (2002) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1054/plef.2001.0362 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
CB2 cannabinoid receptor mediation of antinociception
Ibrahim, M. M., Rude, M. L., Stagg, N. J., Mata, H. P., Lai, J. Y., Vanderah, T. W., Porreca, F., Buckley, N. E., Makriyannis, A., & Malan, P. T. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.018 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Spinal cannabinoids are anti-allodynic in rats with persistent inflammation
Martin, W. J., Loo, C. M., & Basbaum, A. I. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00045-7 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Whiteside, G. T., Lee, G. P., & Valenzano, K. J. (2007) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986707780363023 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Scott, D. A., Wright, C. E., & Angus, J. A. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.01.020 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Hohmann, A. G., Tsou, K., & Walker, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.575 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Yao, B. B., Mukherjee, S., Fan, Y., Garrison, T. R., Daza, A. V., Grayson, G. K., Hooker, B. A., Dart, M. J., Sullivan, J. P., & Meyer, M. D. (2006) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706838 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kehl, L. J., Hamamoto, D. T., Wacnik, P. W., Croft, D. L., Norsted, B. D., Wilcox, G. L., & Simone, D. A. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00450-5 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Antinociceptive actions of cannabinoids following intraventricular administration in rats
Martin, W. J., Lai, N., Patrick, S. L., Tsou, K., & Walker, J. M. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91334-o · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Elmes, S. J. R., Winyard, L. A., Medhurst, S. J., Clayton, N. M., Wilson, A. W., Kendall, D. A., & Chapman, V. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.09.005 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Chin, C.-L., Tovcimak, A. E., Hradil, V. P., Seifert, T. R., Hollingsworth, P. R., Chandran, P., Zhu, C. Z., Gauvin, D. M., Pai, M., Wetter, J. B., et al. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707506 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Whiteside, G. T., Gottshall, S. L., Boulet, J. M., Chaffer, S. M., Harrison, J., Pearson, M. S., Turchin, P. I., Mark, L., Garrison, A. E., & Valenzano, K. J. (2005) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.043 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Bingham, B., JONES, P. G., Uveges, A. J., Kotnis, S., Lu, P., Smith, V. A., Sun, S., Resnick, L., Chlenov, M., He, Y., et al. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707303 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Selective Cannabinoid Antagonist SR 141716A Blocks Cannabinoid-Induced Antinociception in Rats
Lichtman, A. H., & Martin, B. R. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00121-9 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Dyson, A., Peacock, M., Chen, A., Courade, J.-P., Yaqoob, M., Groarke, A., Brain, C., Loong, Y., & Fox, A. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.03.037 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Antinociceptive, behavioural and neuroendocrine effects of CP 55,940 in young rats
Romero, E., Martín‐Fernández, B., Sagredo, O., Gomez, N., Urigüen, L., Guaza, C., de Miguel, R., Ramos, J. A., & Viveros, M. (2002) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00306-1 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Development and expression of neuropathic pain in CB1 knockout mice
Castañé, A., Célèrier, E., Martín, M., Ledent, C. A., Parmentier, M., Maldonado, R. J., & Valverde, O. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.07.022 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effects of a cannabinoid agonist on spinal nociceptive neurons in a rodent model of neuropathic pain
Liu, C., & Walker, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00498.2006 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Johanek, L. M., & Simone, D. A. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00673.2004 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effect of CP55,940 on mechanosensory spinal neurons following chronic inflammation
Choong, K.-C., Su, X., & Urban, M. O. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.12.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside
Rahn, E. J., & Hohmann, A. G. (2009) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2009.08.002 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Donvito, G., Nass, S. R., Wilkerson, J. L., Curry, Z. A., Schurman, L. D., Kinsey, S. G., & Lichtman, A. H. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.204 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and pain: a review of preclinical studies
Finn, D. P., Haroutounian, S., Hohmann, A. G., Krane, E. J., Soliman, N., & Rice, A. S. C. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002268 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Lötsch, J., Weyer-Menkhoff, I., & Tegeder, I. (2017) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1148 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kinsey, S. G., Mahadevan, A., Zhao, B., Sun, H., Naidu, P. S., Razdan, R. K., Selley, D. E., Damaj, M. I., & Lichtman, A. H. (2010) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.09.004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Brain CB2 Receptors: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Roche, M., & Finn, D. P. (2010) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph3082517 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Nadal, X., La Porta, C., Andreea Bura, S., & Maldonado, R. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.077 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
La Porta, C., Bura, S. A., Aracil-Fernández, A., Manzanares, J., & Maldonado, R. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.10.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Kwilasz, A. J., & Negus, S. S. (2012) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.112.197780 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Recent advances in pain management based on nanoparticle technologies
Babaie, S., Taghvimi, A., Hong, J.-H., Hamishehkar, H., An, S., & Kim, K. H. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01473-y · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Zebrafish models relevant to studying central opioid and endocannabinoid systems
Demin, K. A., Мешалкина, Д. А., Kysil, E. V., Antonova, K. A., Volgin, A. D., Yakovlev, O. A., Alekseeva, P. A., Firuleva, M. M., Lakstygal, A. M., de Abreu, M. S., et al. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.024 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Deng, L., Cornett, B., Mackie, K., & Hohmann, A. G. (2015) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.115.098483 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Developmental Effects of Cannabinoids on Zebrafish Larvae
Akhtar, M. T., Ali, S., Rashidi, H., van der Kooy, F., Verpoorte, R., & Richardson, M. K. (2013) · Zebrafish · doi:10.1089/zeb.2012.0785 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Seyrek, M., Kahraman, S., Deveci, M. S., Yeşilyurt, Ö., & Dogrul, A. B. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.039 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Brownjohn, P. W., & Ashton, J. C. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.028 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Yuan, X., Wang, Q., Su, W., Li, H., Wu, C., Gao, F., Xiang, H.-C., Zhu, H., Lin, L., Hu, X., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s171664 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ikeda, H., Ikegami, M., Kai, M., Ohsawa, M., & Kamei, J. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.040 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hama, A. T., & Sagen, J. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate salivation
Andreis, K., Billingsley, J., Shirazi, K. N., Wager‐Miller, J., Johnson, C. T., Bradshaw, H. B., & Straiker, A. J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17987-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Cannabidiol Analog PECS-101 Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain via PPARγ Receptors
da Silva, N. R., Gomes, F. I. F., Lopes, A. H., Cortez, I. L., dos Santos, J. C., Silva, C. E. A., Mechoulam, R., Gomes, F. V., Cunha, T. M., & Guimarães, F. S. (2021) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01164-w · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Emerging role of nanomedicine in the treatment of neuropathic pain
Bidve, P., Prajapati, N., Kalia, K., Tekade, R. K., & Tiwari, V. (2019) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186x.2019.1587444 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Yuan, J., Jiang, C., Wang, J., Chen, C.-J., Hao, Y., Zhao, G., Feng, Z., & Xie, X. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27020453 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Genetic Manipulation of the Endocannabinoid System
Zimmer, A. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Impact of CB2 Receptor Ligands on the MK-801-Induced Hyperactivity in Mice
Kruk-Słomka, M., Banaszkiewicz, I., & Biała, G. (2017) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-017-9702-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
THC Regulates Tearing via Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors
Thayer, A. L., Murataeva, N., Delcroix, V., Wager‐Miller, J., Makarenkova, H. P., & Straiker, A. J. (2020) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.61.10.48 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Banister, S. D., Kumar, K. K., Kumar, V., Kobilka, B. K., & Malhotra, S. V. (2019) · MedChemComm · doi:10.1039/c8md00595h · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chia, J. S. M., Farouk, A. A. O., Mohamad, T. A. S. T., Sulaiman, M. R., Zakaria, H., Hassan, N. I., & Perimal, E. K. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26133849 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Manley, P. J., Zartman, A. E., Paone, D. V., Burgey, C. S., Henze, D. A., Penna, K. B. D., Desai, R. R., Leitl, M. D., Lemaire, W., White, R. B., et al. (2011) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.078 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effect of styrene maleic acid WIN55,212-2 micelles on neuropathic pain in a rat model
Linsell, O., Brownjohn, P. W., Nehoff, H. L., Greish, K. F., & Ashton, J. C. (2014) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.3109/1061186x.2014.997737 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Breivogel, C. S., & Vaghela, M. S. (2015) · Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction · doi:10.3109/10799893.2014.1003659 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Alsalem, M., Altarifi, A., Haddad, M., Aldossary, S. A., Kalbouneh, H., Aldaoud, N., Saleh, T., & El‐Salem, K. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9110328 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hama, A. T., Germano, P., Varghese, M. S., Cravatt, B. F., Milne, G. T., Pearson, J. P., & Sagen, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096396 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cong, J., Lu, K., Zou, W., Li, Z., Guo, Z., Tong, X., Zheng, J., Zhu, J., Li, S., Zhang, W., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.772549 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Jia, M., Wu, C., Zhang, H., Chen, C., Ge, W., Wan, K., Lan, Y., Liu, S., Li, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.781237 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sase, A., Khan, D., Höger, H., & Lübec, G. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1130-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Skolnick, P., & Crystal, R. (2019) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-019-02132-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Large library docking for cannabinoid-1 receptor agonists with reduced side effectsPreprint
Tummino, T. A., Iliopoulos‐Tsoutsouvas, C., Bráz, J. M., O’Brien, E. S., Stein, R. M., Craik, V., Tran, N. K., Ganapathy, S., Liu, F., Shiimura, Y., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.530254 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hirai, T., & Hama, A. T. (2014) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666140711092415 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hama, A. T., Pearson, J. P., & Sagen, J. (2014) · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · doi:10.1002/prp2.34 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cannabinoid regulation of sex-dependent murine odorant-stimulated salivation
Murataeva, N., Mattox, S., Lemieux, J., Griffis, J., Yust, K., Du, W., Heinbockel, T., & Straiker, A. J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77761-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Imaging and Genetic Tools for the Investigation of the Endocannabinoid System in the CNS
Kouchaeknejad, A., van der Walt, G., de Donato, M. H., & Puighermanal, E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242115829 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Functional consequences of short-term exposure to opioids versus cannabinoids in nonhuman primates
Ding, H., Kiguchi, N., Mabry, K. M., Kishioka, S., & Ko, M. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109328 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Carrascosa, A. J., García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., Saldaña, R., & Manzanares, J. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Treatment of Neuropathic Pain with Cannabinoid Based Nanotechnology
Linsell, O. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Cannabinoid Regulation of Murine Vaginal Secretion
Murataeva, N., Mattox, S., Yust, K., & Straiker, A. J. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15040472
Koob, G. F., Arends, M. A., McCracken, M. L., & Moal, M. L. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816791-5.00001-7
Solomon, I., Garai, S., Thakur, G. A., & Hohmann, A. G. (2026) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70572
Santana, T. D. C. M., Cruz, A. B. D. O., Oliveira, L. G. D. S., Lauria, P. S. S., Brustolim, D., do Egito, E. S. T., Viana, M. D. M., & Villarreal, C. F. (2026) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2026.120019
- Authors
- Sain, N. M. H., Liang, A., Kane, S. A., & Urban, M. O.
- Affiliations
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sain, Nova M.H.
- Venue
- Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 235-241
- ISSN
- 0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034980130
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- CP55,940, cannabinoid receptor agonists, CB1 receptor, CB2 receptor, antinociception, CB1 knockout mice, CB2 knockout mice, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, acute pain, mechanical allodynia, spinal nerve ligation, motor coordination deficits, rotarod test
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Animals, Cyclohexanols, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Freund's Adjuvant, Hot Temperature, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Pain, Pain Measurement, Physical Stimulation, Spinal Nerves, Mice, Knockout, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
