Synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 in the human prefrontal cortex from mid-gestation into early adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies of postnatal synaptic development in human frontal cortex have shown that synaptic density rises after birth, reaches a plateau in childhood and then decreases to adult levels by late adolescence. A similar pattern has been seen in nonhuman primate cortex. These earlier studies in human cortex are limited, however, by significant age gaps in study subjects at critical inflection points of the developmental curve. Additionally, it is unclear if synaptic development occurs in different patterns in different cortical layers in prefrontal cortex (PFC). The purpose of this study was to examine synaptic density in human PFC across development by measuring two synaptic marker proteins: synaptophysin (presynaptic), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95; postsynaptic). Western blotting was used to assess the relative levels of synaptophysin and PSD-95 in dorsolateral PFC of 42 subjects, distributed in age from 18 weeks gestation to 25 years. In addition, synaptophysin immunoreactivity was examined in each layer of areas 9 and 46 of PFC in 24 subjects, ranging in age from 0.1-25 years. Synaptophysin levels slowly increased from birth until age 5 and then increased more rapidly to peak in late childhood around age 10. Synaptophysin subsequently decreased until the adult level was reached by mid-adolescence, around age 16. PSD-95 levels increased postnatally to reach a stable plateau by early childhood with a slight reduction in late adolescence and early adulthood. The pattern of synaptophysin immunoreactivity seen with immunohistochemistry was similar to the Western experiments but the changes across age were more subtle, with little change by layer within and across age. The developmental patterns exhibited by these synaptic marker proteins expand upon previous studies of developmental synaptic changes in human frontal cortex; synaptic density increases steadily from birth to late childhood, then decreases in early adolescence to reach adult levels by late adolescence.
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Synaptophysin and PSD-95, markers of excitatory synapses, reach their peak in human cortex around age 8 before declining to adult levels by 18 years of age.
“Synaptophysin and PSD-95, markers of excitatory synapses, reach their peak in human cortex ~age 8 (group consisted of 6–10 year olds, mean age 8.3) before declining to adult levels by 18 years of age (Glantz et al., 2007).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Glantz et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Glantz, L. A., Gilmore, J. H., Hamer, R. M., Lieberman, J. A., & Jarskog, L. F.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 582-591
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2128709
- OpenAlex
- W2018710502
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-64065, P50MH064065, K01MH069655, MH-069655, MH-01752, K08MH001752)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- synaptophysin, PSD-95, prefrontal cortex, synaptic development, synaptic density, human brain development, prenatal development, cortical layers, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, adolescence, postnatal development
- MeSH terms
- Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Immunohistochemistry, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Postmortem Changes, Pregnancy, Synapses, Blotting, Western, Synaptophysin, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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