The role of calcium and mitochondrial oxidant stress in the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in developed countries. The core motor symptoms are attributable to the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Why these neurons succumb in PD is not clear. One potential clue has come from the observation that the engagement of L-type Ca²⁺ channels during autonomous pacemaking elevates the sensitivity of SNc DA neurons to mitochondrial toxins used to create animal models of PD, suggesting that Ca²⁺ entry is a factor in their selective vulnerability. Recent work has shown that this Ca²⁺ entry also elevates mitochondrial oxidant stress and that this stress is exacerbated by deletion of DJ-1, a gene associated with an early onset, recessive form of PD. Epidemiological data also support a linkage between L-type Ca²⁺ channels and the risk of developing PD. This review examines the hypothesis that the primary factor driving neurodegenerative changes in PD is the metabolic stress created by Ca²⁺ entry, particularly in the face of genetic or environmental factors that compromise oxidative defenses or proteostatic competence.
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Intracellular regulation of Ca2+ is maintained by ATP-dependent pumps, which trigger mitochondrial activity and accompanying enhanced ROS formation.
“Intracellular regulation of Ca2+ is maintained by the action of ATP-dependent pumps, which trigger mitochondrial activity and accompanying enhanced ROS formation (Surmeier et al. 2011).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Surmeier et al. 2011
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
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- Authors
- Surmeier, D. J., Guzman, J. N., Sanchez-Padilla, J., & Schumacker, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 198
- Pages
- 221-231
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3244353
- OpenAlex
- W2034939939
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035440, HL35440)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS047085, P30NS054850, P50NS047085)
- National Center for Research Resources (R21RR025355, RR025355)
- Medical Research and Materiel Command
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, substantia nigra pars compacta, dopaminergic neurons, neuronal loss, L-type calcium channels, calcium influx, DJ-1, mitochondrial toxins, oxidative stress, proteostasis, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Humans, Levodopa, Mitochondria, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra, Dopamine Agents, Oxidative Stress, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Dopaminergic Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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