Analyzing non-verbal behavior throughout recovery in a sample of depressed patients receiving deep brain stimulation
Open accessAbstract
Background Traditional rating scales for depression rely heavily on patient self-report, and lack detailed measurement of non-verbal behavior. However, there is evidence that depression is associated with distinct non-verbal behaviors, assessment of which may provide useful information about recovery. This study examines non-verbal behavior in a sample of patients receiving Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment of depression, with the purpose to investigate the relationship between non-verbal behaviors and reported symptom severity.Methods Videotaped clinical interviews of twelve patients participating in a study of DBS for treatment-resistant depression were analyzed at three time points (before treatment and after 3 months and 6 months of treatment), using an ethogram to assess the frequencies of 42 non-verbal behaviors. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) were also collected at all time points.Results Factor analysis grouped non-verbal behaviors into three factors: react, engage/fidget, and disengage. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that scores on the three factors change differently from each other over time. Mixed effects modelling assessed the relationship between BDI score and frequency of non-verbal behaviors, and provided evidence that the frequency of behaviors related to reactivity and engagement increase as BDI score decreases.Limitations This study assesses a narrow sample of patients with a distinct clinical profile at limited time points.Conclusions Non-verbal behavior provides information about clinical states and may be reliably quantified using ethograms. Non-verbal behavior may provide distinct information compared to self-report.
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Alternative measures are under study, such as scales for symptom subdimensions or analysis of movements, speech, or facial expression.
“alternative measures are under study for example scales for symptom subdimensions or analysis of movements, speech, or facial expression [82][83][84].”
From Deep brain stimulation for depression. (2022) · cites this paper as [84]
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Deep brain stimulation for depression.
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- Authors
- McCall, M. V., Riva-Posse, P., Garlow, S. J., Mayberg, H. S., & Crowell, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crowell, Andrea L.
- Venue
- Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 37
- Pages
- 33-40
- ISSN
- 0941-9500 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7375407
- OpenAlex
- W3034280301
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Dana Foundation
- Medtronic
- National Institutes of Health (UH3NS103550)
- Hope for Depression Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- nonverbal behavior, deep brain stimulation, treatment-resistant depression, recovery from depression, ethogram, symptom severity, self-report limitations
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