Increased epicardial fat and plasma leptin in type 1 diabetes independently of obesity
Abstract
Background and aim Visceral fat and related adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, have been recently suggested to play a role in type 1 diabetes. Nevertheless epicardial fat, the visceral fat of the heart, has been poorly explored in type 1 diabetes. In this study we sought to measure epicardial fat thickness, plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in type 1 diabetic subjects.Methods and results 15 subjects with type 1 diabetes (age 52.8 ± 12, 10 females, 5 males, BMI 27.8 ± 5.2) and 15 non-diabetic controls underwent echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness measurement and blood tests for adipokines and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). There were no differences in BMI, age, sex, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and adiponectin between subjects with diabetes and controls. Daily insulin requirement of subjects with type 1 diabetes was 0.54 ± 0.2 UI/kg and HbA1c was 7.6 ± 1.0 reflecting acceptable glycemic control. Patients with Type 1 diabetes showed significantly higher epicardial fat thickness (7.2 ± 2.1 vs 4.9 ± 2.5 mm p < 0.01) and plasma leptin levels (25.9 ± 19 vs 18 ± 12 ng/ml p < 0.01) than controls. Leptin resulted in the best independent correlate of epicardial fat thickness (R(2) = 0.48, p = 0.04, β = 2.45).Conclusions Our study provides two major findings of novelty: 1) subjects with type 1 diabetes have higher epicardial fat and serum leptin levels than non-diabetic subjects, 2) epicardial fat thickness and serum leptin levels are the best independent correlates of each other in patients with type 1 diabetes independently of BMI, HbA1c, daily insulin requirement. The mechanisms that link epicardial fat to leptin levels in type 1 diabetes remain to be elucidated.
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In T1DM, higher epicardial fat is independent of obesity.
“In T1DM, a study describes a higher epicardial fat independently of obesity [57].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
Leptin circulating levels are correlated with EAT adiposity in T1DM patients independently of obesity.
“Among inflammatory cytokines, leptin can play a relevant role as its circulating levels were correlated with EAT adiposity in T1DM patients independently of obesity, and in a study in CAD patients both leptin gene (AA genotype) and leptin receptor gene (RR genotype) carried a risk that was at least tripled of developing HFpEF [57,94].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
In CAD patients, both leptin gene (AA genotype) and leptin receptor gene (RR genotype) carried a risk that was at least tripled of developing HFpEF.
“Among inflammatory cytokines, leptin can play a relevant role as its circulating levels were correlated with EAT adiposity in T1DM patients independently of obesity, and in a study in CAD patients both leptin gene (AA genotype) and leptin receptor gene (RR genotype) carried a risk that was at least tripled of developing HFpEF [57,94].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Iacobellis, G., Diaz, S., Mendez, A., & Goldberg, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- ORCID
- Iacobellis, G.
- Venue
- Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 725-729
- ISSN
- 0939-4753 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1965775163
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, epicardial adipose tissue, leptin, adiponectin, visceral fat, adipokines, glycemic control, insulin requirement, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Echocardiography, Female, Heart, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pericardium, Body Mass Index, Leptin, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Adiponectin
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