Vascular endothelial cell activation by adult Dirofilaria immitis antigens
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis is the causal agent of cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis (heartworm disease). Adult worms lodge in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle, thus vascular endothelium is exposed to high concentrations of Dirofilaria antigenic products. Heartworm disease habitually develops as a chronic foreseeable pathology. Moreover, the simultaneous death of many adult worms, naturally or induced by a filaricide treatment, can cause acute thromboembolisms and endarteritis. To better understand the effects of the massive death of D. immitis adult worms on the blood vessel endothelium, we cultured vascular endothelial cells in the presence or absence of an antigenic extract of D. immitis adult worms (DiSA). The parasite products increased the expression of enzymes and the synthesis of eicosanoids related to inflammation, such as COX-2, 5-LO, PGE(2) and LTB(4). The expression of ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 adhesion molecules and endothelial and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases (eNOS and iNOS) was also increased in cultures treated with DiSA. Nevertheless, DiSA decreased endothelial permeability and does not alter both proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that the somatic extract of D. immitis adult worms stimulate inflammatory mechanisms in endothelial cells, without altering their basic physiologic processes.
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WSP-stimulated vascular endothelial cell cultures show increased expression of COX2, 5-LO, TxB2, and LTB4.
“Vascular endothelial cell cultures stimulated with WSP exhibit significant increases in the expression levels of enzymes responsible for eicosanoid synthesis (cyclooxygenase 2 [COX2] and 5-lipooxygenase [LO]) and of TxB2 and LTB4 (296, 394)”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [296]
Symbiotic bacteria stimulate proinflammatory eicosanoid production in vascular endothelium.
“which suggests that symbiotic bacteria stimulate proinflammatory eicosanoid production in the vascular endothelium.”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [296]
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Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic
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- Authors
- Morchón, R., Rodríguez-Barbero, A., Velasco, S., López-Belmonte, J., & Simón, F.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Simón, F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Parasitology International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 441-446
- ISSN
- 1383-5769 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988068169
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Parasitology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agencia de Desarrollo Económico
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, heartworm disease, adult worm antigens, vascular endothelial cells, endothelial activation, inflammation, eicosanoids, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, ICAM-1, CD31, nitric oxide synthase, endothelial permeability, endothelial cell proliferation, endothelial cell apoptosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Helminth, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cells, Cultured, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Inflammation, Eicosanoids, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Endothelial Cells
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