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Cited by 34Parasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentHelminth infection and controlParasites and Host Interactions

Dogs with patent Dirofilaria immitis infection have higher expression of circulating IL-4, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA than those with occult infection

Morchón, R., López-Belmonte, J., Bazzocchi, C., Grandi, G., Kramer, L., Simón, F.·2007·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
DOI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.004
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Abstract

Dirofilaria immitis is the agent of canine heartworm disease, in which adult worms reside in the pulmonary arteries, producing first stage larvae (microfilariae) that are released into the bloodstream. The present work describes the cytokine and iNOS mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of naturally infected dogs classified as either microfilariemic or amicrofilariemic. Results show that microfilariemic dogs had higher expression of IL-4 and iNOS mRNA than amicrofilariemic dogs. Furthermore, IL-10 mRNA expression was strongly expressed in dogs with circulating microfilariae, compared to only negligible expression in amicrofilariemic dogs. Finally, mf+ status was associated with a predominance in IgG1 production against worm antigens. These results would suggest that circulating mf may stimulate, like in other filarial infections, an immune bias towards unresponsiveness in D. immitis-infected dogs, consenting long-term adult worm survival.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.004

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  • Anti-D. immitis and anti-Wolbachia IgG levels are significantly higher in microfilaremic dogs than in amicrofilaremic dogs.

    “Both anti-D.immitis and anti-Wolbachia IgG levels are significantly higher in microfilaremic dogs than in dogs with amicrofilaremic infections (167,255,292).”

    From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [292]

  • Circulating microfilariae in dirofilariasis can induce an immune bias toward nonresponsiveness (Th2) in dogs with heartworm disease, allowing adult worms to survive long term.

    “These data suggest that, as for other filariases, circulating microfilariae in dirofilariasis can induce an immune bias toward nonresponsiveness (Th2) in dogs with heartworm disease, allowing adult worms to survive over the long term (292).”

    From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [292]

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Authors
Morchón, R., López-Belmonte, J., Bazzocchi, C., Grandi, G., Kramer, L., & Simón, F.
Affiliations
  • Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • University of Parma (IT)
Corresponding author
Kramer, L.
ORCID
Venue
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-01
Volume
115
Issue
1-2
Pages
184-188
ISSN
0165-2427 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.004
OpenAlex
W1987370660
Cited by
34
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
Keywords
Dirofilaria immitis, canine heartworm disease, microfilaremia, occult infection, IL-4, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytokine mRNA expression, IgG1 antibody response, filariasis, adult worm survival
MeSH terms
Animals, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, RNA, Messenger, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II

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