Cited by 1,082Sexual Differentiation and DisordersHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior

Sisk, Cheryl L., Zehr, Julia L.·2005·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

Abstract

Maturation of the reproductive system during puberty results in elevated levels of gonadal steroid hormones. These hormones sculpt neural circuits during adolescence, a time of dramatic rewiring of the nervous system. Here, we review the evidence that steroid-dependent organization of the adolescent brain programs a variety of adult behaviors in animals and humans. Converging lines of evidence indicate that adolescence may be a sensitive period for steroid-dependent brain organization and that variation in the timing of interactions between the hormones of puberty and the adolescent brain leads to individual differences in adult behavior and risk of sex-biased psychopathologies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003

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156 of 156 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • At least in adulthood, the anterior insular cortex participates in multiple brain networks and varies its functional involvement according to stimulus environment and task demands.

    “That is, at least in adulthood, this region participates in multiple brain networks and varies its functional involvement with these networks according to the nature of the stimulus environment and task demands.”
  • Theorists propose that the anterior insular cortex acts as an integrative hub coordinating recruitment of task- and context-relevant brain networks in response to arousal.

    “More recently, theorists have proposed that AIC function goes beyond simply interpreting signals of arousal, and have argued that this region acts as an ‘integrative hub’ which is centrally involved in coordinating the recruitment of task- and context-relevant brain networks in response to arousal [10].”
  • The anterior insular cortex is thought to act as a hub integrating cognitive and emotional information and to have structural and functional connections to regions prominent in developmental models, including lateral prefrontal cortex and striatum.

    “This region is thought to act as a hub involved in the integration of cognitive and emotional information [10], and to have structural and functional connections to regions that feature prominently in current developmental models of adolescent decision making (e.g., the IPFC and striatum).”
  • During adolescence there are hormonally-driven organizational and activational changes in the brain.

    “During adolescence there are hormonally-driven organizational and activational changes in the brain”
  • Recent studies demonstrate that organizational changes occur during adolescence and may be critical for activational changes to take place.

    “recent studies have demonstrated that there are organizational changes occurring during adolescence as well, and, moreover, that these organizational changes may be critical for activational changes to take place”

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Authors
Sisk, C. L., & Zehr, J. L.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Sisk, Cheryl L.
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-10
Volume
26
Issue
3-4
Pages
163-174
ISSN
0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2152591277
Cited by
1,082
References
159
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 99 · 2012: 54
FWCI
1.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068764, MH-068975, R01MH068764, F32MH068975)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords
puberty, sex steroids, adolescent brain development, sensitive period, neural circuit maturation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Animals, Brain, Critical Period, Psychological, Female, Gonads, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Puberty, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sexual Maturation, Adolescent Development, Mice, Rats

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