Changing the Endpoints for Determining Effective Obesity Management

Ross, Robert; Blair, Steve; de Lannoy, Louise; Després, Jean-Pierre; Lavie, Carl J.

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.10.002

Cited by 55Obesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Activity and HealthObesity and Health Practices

Changing the Endpoints for Determining Effective Obesity Management

Ross, Robert, Blair, Steve, de Lannoy, Louise, Després, Jean-Pierre, Lavie, Carl J.·2015·Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

DOI 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.10.002

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Health authorities worldwide recommend weight loss as a primary endpoint for effective obesity management. Despite a growing public awareness of the importance of weight loss and the spending of billions of dollars by Americans in attempts to lose weight, obesity prevalence continues to rise. In this report we argue that effective obesity management in today's environment will require a shift in focus from weight loss as the primary endpoint, to improvements in the causal behaviors; diet and exercise/physical activity (PA). We reason that increases in PA combined with a balanced diet are associated with improvement in many of the intermediate risk factors including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) associated with obesity despite minimal or no weight loss. Consistent with this notion, we suggest that a focus on healthy behaviors for the prevention of additional weight gain may be an effective way of managing obesity in the short term.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.10.002

Cites

71 of 71 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The correlation between weight loss and mortality remains questionable.
“weight reduction or weight gain prevention is the most used outcome, but the correlation between weight loss and mortality remains questionable 15 .”
From The CHANGE trial: no superiority of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination plus treatment as usual compared to treatment as usual alone in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity (2016) · cites this paper as [15]

Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: The evidence report
(1998) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e565682010-001 · Cited by 9,452 · see citing works
The World Health Report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life
Available, N. A. N. (2003) · Education for Health · doi:10.1080/1357628031000116808 · Cited by 6,051 · see citing works
2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Comuzzie, A. G., Donato, K. A., Hu, F. B., Hubbard, V. S., Jakicic, J. M., Kushner, R. F., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.004 · Cited by 4,058 · see citing works
2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Comuzzie, A. G., Donato, K. A., Hu, F. B., Hubbard, V. S., Jakicic, J. M., Kushner, R. F., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee · Cited by 2,735 · see citing works
Hudson et al.
Anderson, E. N. (1977) · Journal of California Anthropology, The · Cited by 2,550 · see citing works
Years of Life Lost Due to Obesity
Fontaine, K. R., Redden, D. T., Wang, C., Westfall, A. O., & Allison, D. B. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.2.187 · Cited by 2,498 · see citing works
Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?
Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Reed, G. W., & Peters, J. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079857 · Cited by 2,180 · see citing works
Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women
Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Rotnitzky, A., & Manson, J. E. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00001 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health: A Systematic Review
Bravata, D. M., Smith-Spangler, C., Sundaram, V., Gienger, A. L., Lin, N., Lewis, R., Stave, C. D., Olkin, I., & Sirard, J. R. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.19.2296 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN STARVATION
Keys, A., BROŽEK, J., & Henschel, A. (1951) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1951.tb56499.x · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Long-term weight loss maintenance
Wing, R. R., & Phelan, S. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.1.222s · Cited by 1,941 · see citing works
Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction: A Randomized Trial
Dansinger, M. L., Gleason, J. A., Griffith, J. L., Selker, H. P., & Schaefer, E. J. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.43 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
Body Fat Distribution and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: An Update
Després, J.-P. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.067264 · Cited by 1,481 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Ross, R., Dagnone, D., Jones, P. J. H., Smith, H., Paddags, A., Hudson, R., & Janssen, I. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00008 · Cited by 1,435 · see citing works
Self-citation
Energy balance and obesity
Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., & Peters, J. C. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.087213 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]
Lau, D. C. W., Douketis, J. D., Morrison, K. M., HRAMIAK, I. M., Sharma, A. M., & Ur, E. (2007) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.061409 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Overview of Epidemiology and Contribution of Obesity to Cardiovascular Disease
Bastien, M., Poirier, P., Lemieux, I., & Després, J.-P. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.016 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women: The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial
Gardner, C. D., Kiazand, A., Alhassan, S., Kim, S., Stafford, R. S., Balise, R. R., Kraemer, H. C., & King, A. C. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.969 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance
Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.012 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: current evidence and research issues
BLAIR, S. N., & BRODNEY, S. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199911001-00025 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise-induced reduction in obesity and insulin resistance in women: a randomized controlled trial
Ross, R., Janssen, I., Dawson, J., Kungl, A., Kuk, J. L., Wong, S. L., Nguyen‐Duy, T., Lee, S., Kilpatrick, K., & Hudson, R. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.95 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fitness vs. Fatness on All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
Barry, V., Baruth, M., Beets, M. W., Durstine, J. L., Liu, J., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.002 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Self-citation
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
Lavie, C. J., McAuley, P. A., Church, T. S., Milani, R. V., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.022 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of the Amount of Exercise on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Measures of Central Obesity: STRRIDE—A Randomized Controlled Study
Slentz, C. A., Duscha, B. D., Johnson, J. L., Ketchum, K., Aiken, L. B., Samsa, G. P., Houmard, J. A., Bales, C. W., & Kraus, W. E. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.1.31 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Population-Based Prevention of Obesity: The Need for Comprehensive Promotion of Healthful Eating, Physical Activity, and Energy Balance: A Scientific Statement From American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (Formerly the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science)
Kumanyika, S. K., Obarzanek, E., Stettler, N., Bell, R., Field, A. E., Fortmann, S. P., Franklin, B. A., Gillman, M. W., Lewis, C. E., Poston, W. C., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.189702 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Age-Related Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Oxidative Capacity
Short, K. R., Vittone, J. L., Bigelow, M. L., Proctor, D. N., Rizza, R. A., Coenen-Schimke, J. M., & Nair, K. S. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.8.1888 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
The Practical Guide: Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
(2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e565692010-001 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Impact of Obesity and the Obesity Paradox on Prevalence and Prognosis in Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., Alpert, M., Arena, R. A., Mehra, M. R., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2013) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2013.01.006 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Concept of Normal Weight Obesity
Oliveros, E., Somers, V. K., Sochor, O., Goel, K., & López-Jiménez, F. A. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.003 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Long-Term Effects of Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Artero, E. G., Lee, I.-M., Church, T. S., McAuley, P. A., Stanford, F. C., Kohl, H. W., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.038422 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of Exercise on Total and Intra-abdominal Body Fat in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Irwin, M. L., Yasui, Y., Ulrich, C. M., Bowen, D., Rudolph, R. E., Schwartz, R. S., Yukawa, M., Aiello, E., Potter, J. D., & McTiernan, A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.3.323 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
A Two-Year Randomized Trial of Obesity Treatment in Primary Care Practice
Wadden, T. A., Volger, S., Sarwer, D. B., Vetter, M. L., Tsai, A. G., Berkowitz, R. I., Kumanyika, S., Schmitz, K. H., Diewald, L. K., Barg, R., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1109220 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Assessment of energy expenditure for physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer
Bouten, C. V. C., Westerterp, K. R., Verduin, M., & Janssen, J. J. (1994) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199412000-00016 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Management of Obesity in Adults: European Clinical Practice Guidelines
Tsigos, C., Hainer, V., Basdevant, A., Finer, N., Fried, M., Mathus-Vliegen, E. M. H., Micić, D., Maislos, M., Román, G., Schütz, Y., et al. (2008) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000126822 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Epidemiology, Trends, and Morbidities of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Bray, G. A., & Bellanger, T. (2006) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:29:1:109 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Long-term weight loss maintenance in the United States
Kraschnewski, J. L., Boan, J., Esposito, J., Sherwood, N. E., Lehman, E. B., Kephart, D. K., & Sciamanna, C. N. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.94 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Mobilization of visceral adipose tissue related to the improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to physical training in NIDDM. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements
Mourier, A., Gautier, J.-F., Kerviler, E. D., Bigard, A. X., Villette, J.-M., Garnier, J.-P., Duvallet, A., Guezennec, C. Y., & Cathelineau, G. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.3.385 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Exercise without weight loss is an effective strategy for obesity reduction in obese individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes
Lee, S., Kuk, J. L., Davidson, L. E., Hudson, R., Kilpatrick, K., Graham, T. E., & Ross, R. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00053.2005 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relation of weight gain and weight loss on subsequent diabetes risk in overweight adults
Resnick, H. E., Valsania, P., Halter, J. B., & Lin, X. (2000) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.54.8.596 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Physical Activity Promotion in the Health Care System
VUORI, I. M., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.08.020 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citation
Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors among Americans Trying to Lose Weight: 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Bish, C. L., Blanck, H. M., Serdula, M. K., Marcus, M., Kohl, H. W., & Khan, L. K. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.64 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise Modality on Insulin Resistance and Functional Limitation in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Davidson, L. E., Hudson, R., Kilpatrick, K., Kuk, J. L., McMillan, K., Janiszewski, P. M., Lee, S., Lam, M., & Ross, R. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.558 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citation
Changes in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., Jackson, A. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.013 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citation
Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors following 24 wk of moderate- or high-intensity exercise of equal energy cost
O'Donovan, G., Owen, A., Bird, S. R., Kearney, E. M., Nevill, A. M., Jones, D. W., & Woolf-May, K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01310.2004 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The future of obesity reduction: beyond weight loss
Ross, R., & Bradshaw, A. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.78 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults
Stewart, K. J., Bacher, A. C., Turner, K., Lim, J. G., Hees, P. S., Shapiro, E. P., Tayback, M., & Ouyang, P. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.006 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism
Shojaee‐Moradie, F., Baynes, K., Pentecost, C., Bell, J. D., Thomas, E. L., Jackson, N. C., Stolinski, M., Whyte, M., Lovell, D., Bowes, S. B., et al. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0498-7 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Body weight and weight gain during adult life in men in relation to coronary heart disease and mortality A prospective population study
Rosengren, A. (1999) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.1998.1235 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The Biology of Human Starvation.
Herrington, L. P. (1951) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0052245 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Distinct effects of aerobic exercise training and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in obese sedentary men
Dengel, D. R., Pratley, R. E., Hagberg, J. M., Rogus, E. M., & Goldberg, A. P. (1996) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.318 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Trends in Mean Waist Circumference and Abdominal Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2012
Ford, E. S., Maynard, L. M., & Li, C. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.8362 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Small Changes in Dietary Sugar and Physical Activity as an Approach to Preventing Excessive Weight Gain: The America on the Move Family Study
Rodearmel, S. J., Wyatt, H. R., Stroebele, N., Smith, S. M., Ogden, L. G., & Hill, J. O. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2927 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Effects of Resistance Training and Endurance Training on Insulin Sensitivity in Nonobese, Young Women: A Controlled Randomized Trial
Poehlman, E. T. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.7.2463 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Is weight loss the optimal target for obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk reduction?
Ross, R., & Janiszewski, P. M. (2008) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(08)71046-8 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss on Cardiac Risk Factors Associated With Syndrome X
Watkins, L. L., Sherwood, A., Feinglos, M. N., Hinderliter, A. L., Babyak, M. A., Gullette, E. C. D., WAUGH, R. A., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.16.1889 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Weight Regain following Weight Loss
Blomain, E. S., Dirhan, D., Valentino, M. A., Kim, G. W., & Waldman, S. A. (2013) · ISRN Obesity · doi:10.1155/2013/210524 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
A Family‐Based Approach to Preventing Excessive Weight Gain
Rodearmel, S. J., Wyatt, H. R., Barry, M. J., Dong, F., Pan, D., Israel, R. G., Cho, S. S., McBurney, M. I., & Hill, J. O. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.158 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Effects of Endurance Exercise and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Serum Lipids in Older Women
Binder, E. F., Birge, S. J., & Kohrt, W. M. (1996) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb00907.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The early identification of poor treatment outcome in a women's weight loss program
Carels, R. A., Cacciapaglia, H., Douglass, O. M., Rydin, S., & O’Brien, W. H. (2003) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(03)00029-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The effectiveness of physical activity interventions for the treatment of overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes
Miller, Y. D., & Dunstan, D. W. (2004) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80278-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Trial of Prevention and Reduction of Obesity Through Active Living in Clinical Settings
Ross, R. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1972 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preventing Weight Gain in Young Adults
LaRose, J. G., Tate, D. F., Gorin, A. A., & Wing, R. R. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.011 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Walking program reduces elevated cholesterol in women postmenopause.
Ready, A. E., Drinkwater, D. T., Ducas, J., Fitzpatrick, D., Brereton, D. G., & Oades, S. C. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of Aerobic Training, Resistance Training, or Both on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial
Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Boulé, N. G., Wells, G. A., Prud'homme, D., Fortier, M., Reid, R. D., Tulloch, H., Coyle, D., Phillips, P., et al. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Obesity and cardiovascular risk: the new public health problem of worldwide proportions
Scaglione, R., Argano, C., Chiara, T. D., & Licata, G. (2004) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2.2.203 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Closing the energy gap to prevent weight gain in China
Zhai, F., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Popkin, B. M., & Chen, C. (2008) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00450.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effects of a single bout of exercise and exercise training on steroid levels in middle-aged type 2 diabetic men: relationship to abdominal adipose tissue distribution and metabolic status.
Boudou, P., de Kerviler, É., Vexiau, P., Fiet, J., Cathelineau, G., & Gautier, J. F. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A small-changes approach reduces energy intake in free-living humans
Stroebele, N., de Castro, J. M., Stuht, J., Catenacci, V., Wyatt, H. R., & Hill, J. O. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719763 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Improving the Long-term Management of Obesity: Theory, Research, and Clinical Guidelines
Krasnegor, N. A. (1993) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.4.601a · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Obesity and Prognosis—Just One of Many Cardiovascular Paradoxes?
Lavie, C. J. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.017 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of a 16-Month Randomized Controlled Exercise Trial on Body Weight and Composition in Young, Overweight Men and Women: The Midwest Exercise Trial
Donnelly, J. E., Hill, J. O., Jacobsen, D. J., Potteiger, J., Sullivan, D. K., Johnson, S. L., Heelan, K., Hise, M., Fennessey, P. V., Sonko, B., et al. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.11.1343 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 74 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Misclassification of cardiometabolic health when using body mass index categories in NHANES 2005–2012
Tomiyama, A. J., Hunger, J. M., Nguyen-Cuu, J., & Wells, C. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.17 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Physical activity and obesity: what we know and what we need to know*
Chin, S.-H., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Binks, M. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12460 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
From the BMI paradox to the obesity paradox: the obesity–mortality association in coronary heart disease
Antonopoulos, A. S., Oikonomou, E. K., Antoniades, C. A., & Tousoulis, D. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12440 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
In BMI we trust: reframing the body mass index as a measure of health
Gutin, I. (2017) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/s41285-017-0055-0 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: friend or foe?
Kim, S. H., Després, J., & Koh, K. K. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv509 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citation
The CHANGE trial: no superiority of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination plus treatment as usual compared to treatment as usual alone in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity
Speyer, H., Christian Brix Nørgaard, H., Birk, M., Karlsen, M., Storch Jakobsen, A., Pedersen, K., Hjorthøj, C., Pisinger, C., Gluud, C., Mors, O., et al. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20318 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Obesity treatment: Weight loss versus increasing fitness and physical activity for reducing health risks
Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102995 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The role of increased body mass index in outcomes of sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, S., Liu, X., Chen, Q., Liu, C., Huang, C., & Fang, X. (2017) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-017-0405-4 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Interaction of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index on Mortality in Coronary Heart Disease: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Moholdt, T. T., Lavie, C. J., & Nauman, J. (2017) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.043 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Obesity and Physical Activity
Kim, B., Choi, D., Jung, C., Kang, S., Mok, J., & Kim, C. (2017) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes.2017.26.1.15 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Polyphenol Levels Are Inversely Correlated with Body Weight and Obesity in an Elderly Population after 5 Years of Follow Up (The Randomised PREDIMED Study)
Guo, X., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Estruch, R., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Medina‐Remón, A., Fitó, M., Corella, D., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Portillo, M. P., Moreno, J., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9050452 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Normal-weight central obesity: Unique hazard of the toxic waist.
Bosomworth, N. J. (2019) · PubMed Central · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Beliefs, Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Zabatiero, J. G., Hill, K., Gucciardi, D. F., Hamdorf, J. M., Taylor, S., Hagger, M. S., & Smith, A. J. (2015) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-015-1867-4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mobile health (m-health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity
Metzendorf, M., Wieland, L. S., & Richter, B. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013591.pub2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiometabolic disease and COVID-19 outcomes in White, Black/African American, and Latinx populations: Social determinants of health
Grosicki, G. J., Bunsawat, K., Jeong, S., & Robinson, A. T. (2022) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2022.04.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Impact of Visceral Adipose Tissue on Clinical Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Kim, J., Choi, K., Kang, K. W., Kim, J., Choi, S., Lee, S., Park, M., Kim, B. C., Kim, M., & Cho, K. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.118.023421 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Effect of Pre-Operative Exercise Intervention on Patient Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Durey, B. J., Fritche, D., Martin, D. S., & Best, L. M. J. (2022) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-021-05743-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity—Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence
Sochacka, K., Kotowska, A., & Lachowicz, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16071039 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Obesity and Exercise: New Insights and Perspectives
James, N. M., & Stanford, K. I. (2025) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Physical activity, diet, and weight loss in patients recruited from primary care settings: An update on obesity management interventions
de Lannoy, L., Cowan, T., Fernandez, A., & Ross, R. (2021) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.514 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increasing the health span: unique role for exercise
Gaesser, G. A., Hall, S. E., Angadi, S. S., Poole, D. C., & Racette, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00049.2025 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Validation of the obesity paradox by body mass index and waist circumference in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Shirahama, Y., Tabata, N., Sakamoto, K., Sato, R., Yamanaga, K., Fujisue, K., Sueta, D., Araki, S., Takashio, S., Arima, Y., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01163-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Government’s Role in Promoting Healthy Living
Whitsel, L. P. (2017) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.01.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Maintenance of improvements in fitness and fatness 1 year after a 3-month lifestyle intervention in overweight men
Rosenkilde, M., Nordby, P., & Stallknecht, B. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.64 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Development and Validation of a Lifestyle Behavior Tool in Overweight and Obese Women through Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches
Ku, C. W., Loo, R. S. X., Lim, C. J. E., Tan, J. J. X., Ho, J. E. W., Han, W. M., Ng, X. W., Chan, J. K. Y., Yap, F. K. P., & Loy, S. L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124553 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Healthy Lifestyle Medicine in the Traditional Healthcare Environment—Primary Care and Cardiac Rehabilitation
Williams, M. A., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2017) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.01.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Central and peripheral effects of physical exercise without weight reduction in obese and lean mice
de Carvalho, F. P., Moretto, T. L., Benfato, I. D., Barthichoto, M., Ferreira, S. M., Costa-Júnior, J. M., & de Oliveira, C. A. M. (2018) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20171033 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Health at Every Size®-Based Interventions May Improve Cardiometabolic Risk and Quality of Life Even in the Absence of Weight Loss: An Ancillary, Exploratory Analysis of the Health and Wellness in Obesity Study
Ulian, M. D., Pinto, A. J., Sato, P. D. M., Benatti, F. B., de Campos‐Ferraz, P. L., Coelho, D., Roble, O. J., Sabatini, F., Pérez, I., Aburad, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.598920 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Physical activity is favorably associated with arterial stiffness in patients with obesity and elevated metabolic risk
Königstein, K., Infanger, D., Klenk, C., Carrard, J., Hinrichs, T., & Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.13563 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Health Risks of Obesity Have Been Exaggerated
Gaesser, G. A., & Blair, S. N. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001746 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Mortality: Associations with Physical Activity, Fitness, Weight Loss, and Weight Cycling
Gaesser, G. A. (2022) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2311364 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Addition of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Within an Obesity Risk Classification Model Identifies Men at Increased Risk of All-Cause Mortality
Ricketts, T. A., Sui, X., Lavie, C. J., Blair, S. N., & Ross, R. (2015) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.11.015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Constraints of Weight Loss as a Marker of Bariatric Surgery Success: An Exploratory Study
Gil, S. D. S., Goessler, K. F., Dantas, W. S., Murai, I. H., Merege-Filho, C. A. A., Pereira, R. M. R., de Cleva, R., Santo, M. A., Kirwan, J. P., Roschel, H., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.640191 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Recent Publications by Ochsner Authors.
Burshell, A. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Healthy Living Medicine in the Workplace: More Work to Do
Pinkstaff, S. O., McNeil, A., Arena, R. A., & Cahalin, L. P. (2016) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.007 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Relationship between Monetary Incentives, Social Status, and Physical Activity
Gonzalez, N. I. V., Kee, J., Palma, M. A., & Pruitt, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2023.102155 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Narrative Review of Obesity and Its Associated Complications in Iranian Women
Mirmiran, P., Ghorbani, Z., & Hosseini‐Esfahani, F. (2017) · Women’s Health Bulletin · doi:10.17795/whb-40546 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Why people engage in a weight loss intervention at their workplace - a stratified case study
Christensen, J. R., Majda, P., Ilvig, P. M., Søgaard, K., & Jessen-Winge, C. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6346-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mobile health (m-health) smartphone interventions for overweight or obese adolescents and adults
Metzendorf, M., Wieland, L. S., & Richter, B. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013591 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Obesity
de Lannoy, L., & Ross, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Obésité centrale malgré un poids normal: Les dangers particuliers de la taille toxique
Bosomworth, N. J. (2019) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Affective Responses to Fitness Testing in College-Aged Women
Abreu, A., Thompson, J., Cofield, D., Faries, M. D., & Jones, E. J. (2022) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2021-0032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Obesity as a Neurobiologic Disorder: A Heavyweight Contender
Chávez-Castillo, M., Durán, P., Garrido, B., Díaz, A., Escalona, D., & Cano, C. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews · doi:10.2174/2666082218666220527120848 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Awaiting Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review
Tokgoz, G., & Arman, N. (2022) · Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care · doi:10.1089/bari.2022.0021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Relationship between healthy habits and obesity in older adults
Martín, I. S. M., Díaz, E. Á., Nieto, M. V., de la Calle, L., Rojo, S. S., Moráis-Moreno, C., López, M. E., Bernat, M. G., Santos, Y. Q., López, M. B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.36150/2499-6564-n274 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Framtidens stad formas med hjälp av berättelser
Albinsson, L. (2010) · Borås Academic Digital Archive (University of Borås)
Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Interventions In The Management of Resistant HypertensionPreprint
Espinel, E., Azancot, M. A., Gómez, A., Beneria, A., Caraben, A., Andurell, L., Delgado, P., Castañé, H., Joven, J., & Serón, D. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1279430/v1
The prevalence and modifiable lifestyle factors of central obesity among white-collar workers of different genders: A cross-sectional studyPreprint
Xiaoqian, D., Li, Y., Li, J., Duan, Y., Wang, S., Kang, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, J., Chen, Z., & Huang, D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2893373/v1
“She’s Afraid of Gaining Weight and Losing Her Husband”
Koempel, A. (2023) · Gastronomica The Journal of Food and Culture · doi:10.1525/gfc.2023.23.2.52
The Impact of Abnormal Distribution of Abdominal Adiposity and Skeletal Muscle on the Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke.Preprint
Xiao, L., Cui, C., Geng, Z., Li, H., Li, R., Lu, M., Wang, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3802955/v1
‘I'm a failure again, I can't do it’: Attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity
Orange, S. T., Roebuck, J., Marshall, P., Madden, L. A., Vince, R. V., & Bell, B. T. (2024) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12739
The Impact of Abnormal Distribution of Abdominal Adiposity and Skeletal Muscle on the Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke
Cui, C., Geng, Z., Li, H., Li, R., Lu, M., Wang, Y., Xiao, L., & Liu, X. (2025) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000545334
The Effects of Exercise Combined with Pharmacotherapy on Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Meta-Analysis and Network Pharmacology Study
Peng, T., Liang, W., Wei, J., Ding, N., Tang, X., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s590529
Updated Waist Circumference Percentiles and Central Obesity Prevalence Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2011–2023
Mian, R. K., Xie, L., Hamad, Y., Neti, S., DeSantis, S. M., & Messiah, S. E. (2026) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1177/15578518261477074
A Pilot Study of a Body Neutrality Workbook Intervention to Improve Physical Activity and Motivation in Insufficiently Active Women
Nuss, K. J., Brice, A. N., Sullivan, T., Chirico, N., Held, S. L., & Poirier, A. (2026) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276261481490

Obesity treatment: Weight loss versus increasing fitness and physical activity for reducing health risks
Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102995 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Obesity
de Lannoy, L., & Ross, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physical activity and fitness vs adiposity and weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality
Lavie, C. J., Ross, R., & Neeland, I. J. (2022) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01209-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Review of Obesity, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease
Elagizi, A., Kachur, S. M., Carbone, S., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2020) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00403-z · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citation
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Weight Loss Is Not the Only Target
Després, J. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.12.009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Ross, R., Blair, S., de Lannoy, L., Després, J.-P., & Lavie, C. J.
Affiliations: Queen's University (CA)
University of South Carolina (US)
Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CA)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author: Ross, Robert
ORCID: Ross, Robert
Després, Jean-Pierre
Lavie, Carl J.
Venue: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-01
Volume: 57
Issue: 4
Pages: 330-336
ISSN: 0033-0620 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.10.002
OpenAlex: W2029784788
Cited by: 55
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 5.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords: obesity treatment, weight loss, primary endpoint, physical activity, diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, intermediate risk factors, weight gain prevention, health behavior
MeSH terms: Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet Therapy, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Obesity, Physical Fitness, Weight Loss, Health Behavior, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Disease Management, Endpoint Determination, Risk Reduction Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Changing the Endpoints for Determining Effective Obesity Management

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks