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Cited by 56Obesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Effects of a 16-Month Randomized Controlled Exercise Trial on Body Weight and Composition in Young, Overweight Men and Women: The Midwest Exercise Trial

Donnelly, Joseph E., Hill, James O., Jacobsen, Dennis J., Potteiger, Jeffrey, Sullivan, Debra K., Johnson, Susan L., Heelan, Kate, Hise, Mary +9 more·2003·Archives of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1001/archinte.163.11.1343
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Abstract

Background: In light of the current obesity epidemic, treatment models are needed that can prevent weight gain or provide weight loss. We examined the long-term effects of a supervised program of moderate-intensity exercise on body weight and composition in previously sedentary, overweight and moderately obese men and women. We hypothesized that a 16-month program of verified exercise would prevent weight gain or provide weight loss in the exercise group compared with controls. Methods: This was a randomized controlled efficacy trial. Participants were recruited from 2 midwestern universities and their surrounding communities. One hundred thirty-one participants were randomized to exercise or control groups, and 74 completed the intervention and all laboratory testing. Exercise was supervised, and the level of energy expenditure of exercise was measured. Controls remained sedentary. All participants maintained ad libitum diets. Results: Exercise prevented weight gain in women and produced weight loss in men. Men in the exercise group had significant mean±SD decreases in weight (5.2±4.7 kg), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) (1.6±1.4), and fat mass (4.9±4.4 kg) compared with controls. Women in the exercise group maintained baseline weight, body mass index, and fat mass, and controls showed significant mean±SD increases in body mass index (1.1±2.0), weight (2.9 ±5 .5 kg), and fat mass (2.1 ±4 .8 kg) at 16 months. No significant changes occurred in fat-free mass in either men or women; however, both had significantly reduced visceral fat.

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  • When energy deficits occur through undernutrition or excessive energy expenditure, the KISS1 gene is downregulated, resulting in subsequent repression of the GnRH neurons and downregulation of the reproductive axis.

    “Importantly, when energy deficits occur, through undernutrition or excessive energy expenditure, the KISS1 gene is downregulated resulting in subsequent repression of the GnRH neurons and downregulation of the reproductive axis [134,135].”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [135]

  • For women, exercising in a fed state results in a greater total daily energy expenditure and increased fat oxidation, potentially improving body composition.

    “whereas exercising in a fed state will result in a greater total daily energy expenditure and increased fat oxidation, potentially improving body composition [134,135]”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [135]

  • The effect of exercise on body weight is present whether exercise is measured in minutes of activity per week or in kcal energy expended.

    “The effect is clearly present whether the exercise is measured in minutes of activity per week or in kcal energy expended.”

    From Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [5]

  • On average, the more exercise carried out, the greater the weight loss.

    “On the average, the more exercise carried out, the greater the weight loss.”

    From Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Large-scale controlled trials show that physical activity carried out over long periods produces a dose-dependent reduction in body weight.

    “There is clear evidence from large scale controlled trials that PA carried out over long periods of time produces a dose-dependent reduction in body weight [5, 6].”

    From Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [5]

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Authors
Donnelly, J. E., Hill, J. O., Jacobsen, D. J., Potteiger, J., Sullivan, D. K., Johnson, S. L., Heelan, K., Hise, M., Fennessey, P. V., Sonko, B., Sharp, T., Jakicic, J. M., Blair, S. N., Tran, Z. V., Mayo, M., Gibson, C., & Washburn, R. A.
Affiliations
University of Kansas (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2003-06-09
Volume
163
Issue
11
Pages
1343
ISSN
0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archinte.163.11.1343
OpenAlex
W1542485098
Cited by
3
References
28
Citations by year
2020: 1 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-0051)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIHDK49181)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
moderate-intensity exercise, overweight, obesity, weight loss, weight gain prevention, body composition, fat mass, visceral fat, fat-free mass, sex differences, sedentary adults, supervised exercise, body mass index

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