A systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the prevalence of depression between people with and without Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
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Aims Diabetes can significantly impact quality of life and mental health. However, inconsistencies have been reported in the prevalence of depression in those with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and those without. Systematic reviews also included studies without adequate control subjects. We update existing literature, by comparing depression prevalence between individuals with and without Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO, from January 1985 to August 2021. Studies were excluded if they failed to have an adequate control group, specified type of diabetes, or reported depression prevalence by type of diabetes.Results 44 studies were selected for inclusion. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in people with Type 1 (22% vs 13%, OR = 2.10 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.52)), or Type 2 diabetes (19% vs 11%, OR = 1.76 (1.55, 2.01)) compared to those without diabetes. There was no association between study effect size and mean age or gender. Findings did not significantly differ between methods of depression assessment. Prevalence of depression in people with diabetes was higher in studies carried out in specialist care (36%, OR = 3.14 (2.12, 4.63)) compared to those in community or primary care (12%, OR = 1.51 (1.35, 1.70) and in low- and middle-income countries (OR = 2.58 (1.91, 3.50) compared to countries with high income economies (OR = 1.59 (1.39, 1.82)).Conclusions Depression prevalence remains significant in those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Effective chronic disease management in people with diabetes is important, particularly screening and managing depression and diabetes distress in specialist care settings.
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The point prevalence of MDD in type 2 diabetes mellitus is 19%.
“The point prevalence of MDD is high in both type 1 (22%) and type 2 (19%) diabetes mellitus32.”
From Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The point prevalence of MDD in type 1 diabetes mellitus is 22%.
“The point prevalence of MDD is high in both type 1 (22%) and type 2 (19%) diabetes mellitus32.”
From Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Farooqi, A., Gillies, C., Sathanapally, H., Abner, S., Seidu, S., Davies, M. J., Polonsky, W. H., & Khunti, K.
- Affiliations
- Birmingham City University (GB)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farooqi, Aaisha
- ORCID
- Venue
- Primary Care Diabetes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1751-9918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3217806785
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Primary care diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
- National Institute for Health Research
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- depression, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, depression prevalence, mental health in diabetes, diabetes distress, specialist care, primary care, low- and middle-income countries, chronic disease management
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Quality of Life, Prevalence
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