Cited by 119Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic DisordersHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlLong-Term Effects of COVID-19

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Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Clinical Review

Johnson, Jonathan N., Mack, Kenneth J., Kuntz, Nancy L., Brands, Chad K., Porter, Coburn J., Fischer, Philip R.·2010·Pediatric Neurology

DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.07.002

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Abstract

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome was defined in adult patients as an increase >30 beats per minute in heart rate of a symptomatic patient when moving from supine to upright position. Clinical signs may include postural tachycardia, headache, abdominal discomfort, dizziness/presyncope, nausea, and fatigue. The most common adolescent presentation involves teenagers within 1-3 years of their growth spurt who, after a period of inactivity from illness or injury, cannot return to normal activity levels because of symptoms induced by upright posture. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is complex and likely has numerous, concurrent pathophysiologic etiologies, presenting along a wide spectrum of potential symptoms. Nonpharmacologic treatment includes (1) increasing aerobic exercise, (2) lower-extremity strengthening, (3) increasing fluid/salt intake, (4) psychophysiologic training for management of pain/anxiety, and (5) family education. Pharmacologic treatment is recommended on a case-by-case basis, and can include beta-blocking agents to blunt orthostatic increases in heart rate, alpha-adrenergic agents to increase peripheral vascular resistance, mineralocorticoid agents to increase blood volume, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. An interdisciplinary research approach may determine mechanistic root causes of symptoms, and is investigating novel management plans for affected patients.

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Authors: Johnson, J. N., Mack, K. J., Kuntz, N. L., Brands, C. K., Porter, C. J., & Fischer, P. R.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Johnson, Jonathan N.
ORCID: Johnson, Jonathan N.
Mack, Kenneth J.
Kuntz, Nancy L.
Fischer, Philip R.
Venue: Pediatric Neurology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-02
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 77-85
ISSN: 0887-8994 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.07.002
OpenAlex: W1974651566
Cited by: 119
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pediatric Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Keywords: postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic intolerance, adolescents, growth spurt, pathophysiology, non-pharmacological treatment, aerobic exercise, beta-blockers, alpha-adrenergic agents, mineralocorticoids, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, family education
MeSH terms: Autoimmune Diseases, Communicable Diseases, Humans, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

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Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Clinical Review

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