Cited by 403Advanced Breast Cancer TherapiesCancer-related Molecular PathwaysPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer

Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases as cancer therapeutics.

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Whittaker, Steven R., Mallinger, Aurélie, Workman, Paul, Clarke, Paul A.·2017·Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Abstract

Over the past two decades there has been a great deal of interest in the development of inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This attention initially stemmed from observations that different CDK isoforms have key roles in cancer cell proliferation through loss of regulation of the cell cycle, a hallmark feature of cancer. CDKs have now been shown to regulate other processes, particularly various aspects of transcription. The early non-selective CDK inhibitors exhibited considerable toxicity and proved to be insufficiently active in most cancers. The lack of patient selection biomarkers and an absence of understanding of the inhibitory profile required for efficacy hampered the development of these inhibitors. However, the advent of potent isoform-selective inhibitors with accompanying biomarkers has re-ignited interest. Palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, is now approved for the treatment of ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. Current developments in the field include the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of the transcriptional CDKs; these include tool compounds that have allowed exploration of individual CDKs as cancer targets and the determination of their potential therapeutic windows. Biomarkers that allow the selection of patients likely to respond are now being discovered. Drug resistance has emerged as a major hurdle in the clinic for most protein kinase inhibitors and resistance mechanism are beginning to be identified for CDK inhibitors. This suggests that the selective inhibitors may be best used combined with standard of care or other molecularly targeted agents now in development rather than in isolation as monotherapies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.008

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  • p21 leads to inhibition of phosphorylation of RB family proteins and subsequent association with E2Fs and formation of DREAM complex, leading to cell cycle arrest.

    “This leads to inhibition of phosphorylation of the RB family of proteins and subsequent association with E2Fs and formation of the DREAM complex thereby leading to a cell cycle arrest (Chen et al., 1996; Whittaker et al., 2017; Wiedemeyer, 2018).”

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Authors
Whittaker, S. R., Mallinger, A., Workman, P., & Clarke, P. A.
Affiliations
Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
Corresponding author
Clarke, Paul A.
Venue
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-05
Volume
173
Pages
83-105
ISSN
0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2583136106
Cited by
384
References
292
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15
FWCI
7.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Cancer Research UK (C309/A11566, C368/A6743, A368/A7990)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Advanced Breast Cancer Therapies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Keywords
cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, isoform-selective inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib, breast cancer, cell cycle regulation, tumor cell proliferation, biomarkers, drug resistance, combination therapy, protein kinase inhibitors
MeSH terms
Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Cycle, Humans, Neoplasms, Drug Design, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Cell Proliferation, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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