Cited by 347Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchSleep and related disordersMigration, Health and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 137 of the 137 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pharmacologic alternatives to antidepressants in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review

Open access

Berger, William, Mendlowicz, Mauro V., Marques-Portella, Carla, Kinrys, Gustavo, Fontenelle, Leonardo F., Marmar, Charles R., Figueira, Ivan·2009·Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.004PMC PMC2720612

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for PTSD. However, even when treated with this class of drugs, response rates rarely exceed 60% and less than 20-30% of the patients achieve full remission. The aim of this study was to address this limitation by systematically reviewing the options left for the treatment of PTSD when patients do not respond satisfactorily to or tolerate SSRIs. A systematic review covering all original articles, letters and brief reports published in any language until October 2008 was conducted through searches in the ISI/Web of Science, PubMed and PILOTS databases. The search terms included the pharmacological class of each agent or its generic name plus "PTSD" or "stress disorder" in the title, in the abstract or as a keyword. Sixty-three articles were selected, covering the following categories: antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, adrenergic-inhibiting agents, opioid antagonists, benzodiazepines and other agents. None of the identified agents reached the level A of scientific evidence, 5 reached level B, 7 level C and 13 level D. The non-antidepressant agent with the strongest scientific evidence supporting its use in PTSD is risperidone, which can be envisaged as an effective add-on therapy when patients did not fully benefit from previous treatment with SSRIs. Prazosin, an adrenergic-inhibiting agent, is a promising alternative for cases of PTSD where nightmares and insomnia are prominent symptoms. So far, there is no consistent empirical support for using benzodiazepines in the prevention or in the treatment of PTSD, although these drugs could alleviate some associated non-specific symptoms, such as insomnia or anxiety. Further controlled clinical trials and meta-analysis are needed to guide clinicians in their search of effective pharmacological alternatives to antidepressants in PTSD.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.004

Cites

137 of 137 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
A rating scale for depression
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
Untitled work
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899
The Impact of Event Scale: Revised
Weiss, D. S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10 · Cited by 3,074
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490060405 · Cited by 2,537
Glucocorticoids and Hippocampal Atrophy in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.925 · Cited by 2,016
Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal function in PTSD
SHIN, L. M., RAUCH, S. L., & PITMAN, R. K. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.007 · Cited by 1,203

Show all 137 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Forster, 1995, Lithium for irritability in posttraumatic-stress-disorder, J Trauma Stress, 8, 143, 10.1002/jts.2490080110 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Benzodiazepines for PTSD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
GUINA, J., ROSSETTER, S. R., DeRHODES, B. J., NAHHAS, R. W., & WELTON, R. S. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000091 · Cited by 341
Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults
Standards of Practice Committee, Aurora, R. N., Zak, R. S., Auerbach, S. H., Casey, K. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Maganti, R. K., Ramar, K., Kristo, D. A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27883 · Cited by 341
Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values
Dhama, K., Latheef, S. K., Dadar, M., Samad, H. A., Munjal, A. K., Khandia, R., Karthik, K., Tiwari, R., Yatoo, M. I., Bhatt, P., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091 · Cited by 354
Treatment of Nightmares With Prazosin: A Systematic Review
Kung, S., Espinel, Z., & Lapid, M. I. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.05.015 · Cited by 277
Benzodiazepines I: Upping the Care on Downers: The Evidence of Risks, Benefits and Alternatives
Guina, J., & Merrill, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7020017 · Cited by 253
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Feder, A., Costi, S., Rutter, S. B., Collins, A. B., Govindarajulu, U., Jha, M. K., Horn, S. R., Kautz, M., Corniquel, M., Collins, K. A., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20050596 · Cited by 246
Position paper for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Paper
Morgenthaler, T. I., Auerbach, S., Casey, K. R., Kristo, D., Maganti, R., Ramar, K., Zak, R., & Kartje, R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.7178 · Cited by 230
Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats-a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD
Dębiec, J., Bush, D. E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20803 · Cited by 227
Adjunctive Risperidone Treatment for Antidepressant-Resistant Symptoms of Chronic Military Service–Related PTSD
Krystal, J. H., Rosenheck, R. A., Cramer, J. A., Vessicchio, J. C., Jones, K. M., Vertrees, J. E., Horney, R. A., Huang, G. D., Stock, C. J., & for the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study No. 504 Group (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1080 · Cited by 223
Stress-induced cognitive dysfunction: hormone-neurotransmitter interactions in the prefrontal cortex
Shansky, R. M., & Lipps, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00123 · Cited by 205
“From a translational standpoint, this is problematic; stressrelated mental illnesses like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder are twice as prevalent in women (Becker et al., 2007), suggesting a distinct neurobiology may underlie the stress response in female brains.”
Background
Glutamate dysregulation and glutamatergic therapeutics for PTSD: Evidence from human studies
Averill, L. A., Purohit, P., Averill, C. L., Boesl, M. A., Krystal, J. H., & Abdallah, C. G. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.064 · Cited by 198
Pharmacological treatment of PTSD – Established and new approaches
Steckler, T., & Risbrough, V. B. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.06.012 · Cited by 188
Dysregulation of inflammation, neurobiology, and cognitive function in PTSD: an integrative review
Quiñones-Cordero, M. M., Gallegos, A. M., Lin, F. V., & Heffner, K. L. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00782-9 · Cited by 172
Moderate treadmill exercise rescues anxiety and depression-like behavior as well as memory impairment in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Patki, G., Li, L., Allam, F., Solanki, N., Dao, A. T., Alkadhi, K. A., & Salim, S. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.016 · Cited by 152
PTSD: from neurobiology to pharmacological treatments
Kelmendi, B., Adams, T., Yarnell, S. C., Southwick, S., Abdallah, C., & Krystal, J. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.31858 · Cited by 136
Treating nightmares and insomnia in posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of current evidence
Nappi, C. M., Drummond, S. P. A., & Hall, J. M. H. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.029 · Cited by 147
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Stress-Related Disorders
Shalev, A. Y. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.001 · Cited by 142
Noradrenergic vs Serotonergic Antidepressant with or without Naltrexone for Veterans with PTSD and Comorbid Alcohol Dependence
Petrakis, I. L., Ralevski, E., Desai, N., Trevisan, L. A., Gueorguieva, R. V., Rounsaville, B. J., & Krystal, J. H. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.283 · Cited by 122
The Effect of Early Trauma Exposure on Serotonin Type 1B Receptor Expression Revealed by Reduced Selective Radioligand Binding
Murrough, J. W. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.91 · Cited by 113
Evidence‐based treatments for PTSD, new directions, and special challenges
Cukor, J., Olden, M., Lee, F. L. F., & Difede, J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05793.x · Cited by 105
Biomarkers in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Overview and Implications for Future Research
Schmidt, U., Kaltwasser, S. F., & Wotjak, C. T. (2013) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2013/835876 · Cited by 103
Is there tonic immobility in humans? Biological evidence from victims of traumatic stress
Volchan, E., Souza, G. G., Franklin, C. M., Norte, C. E., Rocha-Rego, V., Oliveira, J. M., David, I. A., Mendlowicz, M. V., Coutinho, E. S. F., Fiszman, A., et al. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.002 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Identification and characterization of HPA-axis reactivity endophenotypes in a cohort of female PTSD patients
Zaba, M., Kirmeier, T., Ionescu, I. A., Wollweber, B., Buell, D. R., Gall-Kleebach, D. J., Schubert, C. F., Novak, B., Huber, C., Köhler, K., et al. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.005 · Cited by 101
Randomized controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nightmares: A meta-analysis
Augedal, A. W., Hansen, K. S., Kronhaug, C. R., Harvey, A. G., & Pallesen, S. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.06.001 · Cited by 98
Methylation of FKBP5 and SLC6A4 in relation to treatment response to mindfulness based stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder
Bishop, J. R., Lee, A. M., Mills, L. J., Thuras, P. D., Eum, S., Clancy, D., Erbes, C. R., Polusny, M. A., Lamberty, G. J., & Lim, K. O. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00418 · Cited by 98
PTSD Treatment for Veterans: What's Working, What's New, and What's Next.
Reisman, M. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 97
Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Alternative for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: From Bench Research to Confirmation in Human Trials
de Bitencourt, R. M., & Takahashi, R. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00502 · Cited by 108
Emotion Regulatory Brain Function and SSRI Treatment in PTSD: Neural Correlates and Predictors of Change
MacNamara, A., Rabinak, C. A., Kennedy, A. E., Fitzgerald, D. A., Liberzon, I., Stein, M. B., & Phan, K. L. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.190 · Cited by 90
Effects of moderate treadmill exercise and fluoxetine on behavioural and cognitive deficits, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and alternations in hippocampal BDNF and mRNA expression of apoptosis – related proteins in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Shafia, S., Vafaei, A. A., Samaei, S. A., Bandegi, A. R., Rafiei, A., Valadan, R., Hosseini-Khah, Z., Mohammadkhani, R., & Rashidy-Pour, A. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.01.009 · Cited by 89
Recent Progress in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Implications for Targeted Pharmacological Treatment
Bailey, C. R., Cordell, E., Sobin, S. M., & Neumeister, A. (2013) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0051-4 · Cited by 89
Immobility reactions under threat: A contribution to human defensive cascade and PTSD
Volchan, E., Rocha-Rego, V., Bastos, A. F., Oliveira, J. M., Franklin, C., Gleiser, S., Berger, W., Souza, G. G. L., Oliveira, L., David, I. A., et al. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.025 · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Effects of Pharmacotherapy on Combat-Related PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis
Puetz, T. W., Youngstedt, S. D., & Herring, M. P. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126529 · Cited by 92
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback with War Veterans with chronic PTSD: a feasibility study
Gerin, M. I., Fichtenholtz, H., Roy, A., Walsh, C. J., Krystal, J. H., Southwick, S., & Hampson, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00111 · Cited by 84
The impact of tonic immobility reaction on the prognosis of posttraumatic stress disorder
Lima, A. A., Fiszman, A., Marques-Portella, C., Mendlowicz, M. V., Coutinho, E. S. F., Maia, D. C. B., Berger, W., Rocha-Rego, V., Volchan, E., Mari, J. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.08.005 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
Grape powder prevents cognitive, behavioral, and biochemical impairments in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Solanki, N., Alkadhi, I., Atrooz, F., Patki, G., & Salim, S. (2014) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.008 · Cited by 81
The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment
Zaretsky, T. G., Jagodnik, K. M., Barsic, R., Antonio, J. H., Bonanno, P. A., MacLeod, C., Pierce, C., Carney, H., Morrison, M. T., Saylor, C. F., et al. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666231027111147 · Cited by 92
Comparing the Effect of Prazosin and Hydroxyzine on Sleep Quality in Patients Suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Ahmadpanah, M., Sabzeiee, P., Hosseini, S. M., Torabian, S., Haghighi, M., Jahangard, L., Bajoghli, H., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2014) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000362243 · Cited by 80
Gastrodin Ameliorates Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Inhibits IL-1β Level and p38 MAPK Phosphorylation of Hippocampus in the Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Peng, Z., WANG, H., ZHANG, R., CHEN, Y., Xue, F., Nie, H., CHEN, Y., Wu, D., WANG, Y., Wang, H., et al. (2013) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.932507 · Cited by 76
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of prazosin versus placebo for the treatment of nightmares and sleep disturbances in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder
George, K. C., Kebejian, L., Ruth, L. J., Miller, C. W. T., & Himelhoch, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2016.1141150 · Cited by 75
Olanzapine monotherapy in posttraumatic stress disorder: efficacy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Carey, P., Suliman, S., Ganesan, K., Seedat, S., & Stein, D. J. (2012) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2238 · Cited by 70
Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future
Koek, R. J., Schwartz, H. N., Scully, S., Langevin, J., Spangler, S. L., Korotinsky, A., Jou, K., & Leuchter, A. F. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.015 · Cited by 74
Diverse therapeutic developments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate common mechanisms of memory modulation
Raut, S. B., Marathe, P. A., van Eijk, L., Eri, R. D., Ravindran, M., Benedek, D. M., Ursano, R. J., Canales, J. J., & Johnson, L. R. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108195 · Cited by 74
Preclinical Evaluation of Reconsolidation Blockade by Clonidine as a Potential Novel Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Gamache, K., Pitman, R. K., & Nader, K. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.145 · Cited by 72
Systemic inhibition of mTOR kinase via rapamycin disrupts consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory fear memory
Callum, P. M., Hebert, M. A., Adamec, R. E., & Blundell, J. J. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.014 · Cited by 68
Sleep in Psychiatric Disorders: Where are We Now?
Lee, E. K., & Douglass, A. B. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500703 · Cited by 69
Art therapy with Syrian refugee youth in the United States: An intervention study
Feen-Calligan, H. R., Grasser, L. R., Debryn, J., Nasser, S., Jackson, C., Seguin, D., & Javanbakht, A. (2020) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2020.101665 · Cited by 65
Anxiolytic Effects of Flavonoids in Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Zhang, L., Yao, J.-Z., Li, Y., Li, K., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., & Li, Y. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/623753 · Cited by 64
What Acute Stress Protocols Can Tell Us About PTSD and Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Musazzi, L., Tornese, P., Sala, N., & Popoli, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00758 · Cited by 68
Therapeutic Action of Fluoxetine is Associated with a Reduction in Prefrontal Cortical miR-1971 Expression Levels in a Mouse Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Schmidt, U., Herrmann, L., Hagl, K., Novak, B., Huber, C. W., Holsboer, F., Wotjak, C. T., & Buell, D. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00066 · Cited by 62
Short and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis on Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
LaFrance, E. M., Glodosky, N. C., Bonn‐Miller, M. O., & Cuttler, C. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.132 · Cited by 59
Prazosin for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Reist, C., Streja, E., Tang, C. C., Shapiro, B., Mintz, J., & Hollifield, M. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852920001121 · Cited by 56
Intranasal oxytocin reduces provoked symptoms in female patients with posttraumatic stress disorder despite exerting sympathomimetic and positive chronotropic effects in a randomized controlled trial
Sack, M., Spieler, D., Wizelman, L., Epple, G., Stich, J., Zaba, M., & Schmidt, U. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0801-0 · Cited by 57
Tailoring therapeutic strategies for treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters
Norrholm, S., & Jovanovic, T. (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s10951 · Cited by 56
Therapeutic Challenges of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on the Dopaminergic System
Torrisi, S. A., Leggio, G. M., Drago, F., & Salomone, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00404 · Cited by 59
Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor predicts responses to escitalopram in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
Berger, W., Mehra, A., Lenoci, M., Metzler, T. J., Otte, C., Tarasovsky, G., Mellon, S. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Marmar, C. R., & Neylan, T. C. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.008 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Pharmacology for sleep disturbance in PTSD
Lipinska, G., Baldwin, D. S., & Thomas, K. G. F. (2016) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2522 · Cited by 58
Amelioration of oxidative stress-induced phenotype loss of parvalbumin interneurons might contribute to the beneficial effects of environmental enrichment in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Sun, X. R., Zhang, H., Zhao, H. T., Ji, M. H., Li, H. H., Wu, J., Li, K. Y., & Yang, J. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.016 · Cited by 53
A comparison of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Illingworth, B. J. G., Lewis, D. J., Lambarth, A. T., Stocking, K., Duffy, J. M., Jelen, L. A., & Rucker, J. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120965915 · Cited by 59
Cognitive impairment and World Trade Centre-related exposures
Clouston, S., Hall, C. B., Kritikos, M., Bennett, D. A., DeKosky, S. T., Edwards, J. D., Finch, C. E., Kreisl, W. C., Mielke, M. M., Peskind, E. R., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00576-8 · Cited by 54
Rosmarinic acid ameliorates PTSD-like symptoms in a rat model and promotes cell proliferation in the hippocampus
Nie, H., Peng, Z., Ning, L., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Fang, Z., Hou, W., Gao, F., Li, X., Xiong, L., et al. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.002 · Cited by 52
The influence of emergency contraception on post-traumatic stress symptoms following sexual assault
Ferree, N. K., Wheeler, M., & Cahill, L. F. (2012) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1939-3938.2012.01134.x · Cited by 50
The potential of ketamine for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of clinical evidence
Ragnhildstveit, A., Roscoe, J., Bass, L. C., Averill, C. L., Abdallah, C. G., & Averill, L. A. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253231154125 · Cited by 54
Longitudinal Changes in Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Accident Survivors with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Matsuoka, Y., Nishi, D., Noguchi, H., Kim, Y., & Hashimoto, K. (2013) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000350950 · Cited by 50
THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM PROVIDES AN AVENUE FOR EVIDENCE-BASED TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR PTSD: The Cutting Edge: Evidence-Based Treatment Developments for PTSD
Neumeister, A. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22031 · Cited by 47
Cannabinoids as therapeutics for PTSD
Sbarski, B., & Akirav, I. (2020) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107551 · Cited by 47
Posterior cingulate cortex targeted real‐time fMRI neurofeedback recalibrates functional connectivity with the amygdala, posterior insula, and default‐mode network in PTSD
Lieberman, J. M., Rabellino, D., Densmore, M., Frewen, P., Steyrl, D., Scharnowski, F., Théberge, J., Neufeld, R. W. J., Schmahl, C. G., Jetly, R., et al. (2023) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2883 · Cited by 49
Benzodiazepines II: Waking Up on Sedatives: Providing Optimal Care When Inheriting Benzodiazepine Prescriptions in Transfer Patients
Guina, J., & Merrill, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7020020 · Cited by 46
Effects of propranolol on the modification of trauma memory reconsolidation in PTSD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Raut, S. B., Canales, J. J., Ravindran, M., Eri, R. D., Benedek, D. M., Ursano, R. J., & Johnson, L. R. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.045 · Cited by 50
α-Adrenergic Receptor Function, Arousal and Sleep: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Broese, M., Riemann, D. W., Hein, L., & Nissen, C. (2012) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1299728 · Cited by 44
Relato de caso
de liberação, P., Pagotto, L. F., Berger, W. L., Mendlowicz, M. V., Luz, M. P., Portella, C. M., & Figueira, I. L. D. V. (2012) · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Cannabinoids and post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and preclinical evidence for treatment and prevention
Zer‐Aviv, T. M., Segev, A., & Akirav, I. (2016) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000253 · Cited by 43
Integrating NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) into PTSD Research
Schmidt, U., & Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_1 · Cited by 49
Social isolation as a promising animal model of PTSD comorbid suicide: neurosteroids and cannabinoids as possible treatment options
Locci, A., & Pinna, G. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.12.014 · Cited by 42
A Rodent Model of Traumatic Stress Induces Lasting Sleep and Quantitative Electroencephalographic Disturbances
Nedelcovych, M. T., Gould, R. W., Zhan, X., Bubser, M., Gong, X., Grannan, M. D., Thompson, A. D., Ivarsson, M., Lindsley, C. W., Conn, P. J., et al. (2015) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/cn500342u · Cited by 43
Modeling PTSD in the zebrafish: Are we there yet?
Caramillo, E. M., Khan, K. M., Collier, A. D., & Echevarria, D. J. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.005 · Cited by 41
Associations between resting‐state functional connectivity and treatment response in a randomized clinical trial for posttraumatic stress disorder
Sheynin, J., Duval, E. R., King, A. P. J., Angstadt, M., Phan, K. L., Simon, N. M., Rauch, S. A. M., & Liberzon, I. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23075 · Cited by 40
Mental health impact of Afghanistan and Iraq deployment: meeting the challenge of a new generation of veterans
Marmar, C. R. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20581 · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning ameliorates anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairments via upregulation of thioredoxin reductases in stressed rats
Ye, P., Feng, S., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Hou, W., Xiong, L., Luo, Z.-J., & Tan, Q. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.05.016 · Cited by 40
Effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol on aversive memories and anxiety: a review from human studies
Raymundi, A. M., da Silva, T. R., Sohn, J. M. B., Bertoglio, L. J., & Stern, C. A. J. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02813-8 · Cited by 43
Empirically supported use of psychiatric medications in adolescents and adults with IBD
Thorkelson, G., Bielefeldt, K., & Szigethy, E. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000734 · Cited by 39
Asthma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Emerging links, potential models and mechanisms
Allgire, E., McAlees, J. W., Lewkowich, I. P., & Sah, R. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.001 · Cited by 36
Luteolin reduces fear, anxiety, and depression in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder
Sur, B., & Lee, B. (2022) · Animal Cells and Systems · doi:10.1080/19768354.2022.2104925 · Cited by 37
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Perspectives for the Use of Deep Brain Stimulation
Reznikov, R., & Hamani, C. (2016) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12551 · Cited by 38
Ketamine for post-traumatic stress disorders and it's possible therapeutic mechanism
Asim, M., Wang, B., Hao, B., & Wang, X. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105044 · Cited by 37
Genistein alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in post-traumatic stress disorder model through enhancing serotonergic transmission in the amygdala
Wu, Z., Ni, G.-L., Shao, A.-M., & Cui, R. C. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.051 · Cited by 37
Social Robots for Supporting Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment
Laban, G., Ben‐Zion, Z., & Cross, E. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.752874 · Cited by 44
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD Related to Racial Discrimination
Halstead, M., Reed, S., Krause, R., & Williams, M. T. (2021) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650121990894 · Cited by 40
The novel vasopressin receptor (V1aR) antagonist SRX246 reduces anxiety in an experimental model in humans: a randomized proof-of-concept study
Lago, T. R., Brownstein, M., Page, E., Beydler, E. M., Manbeck, A. B., Beale, A. M., Roberts, C., Balderston, N. L., Damiano, E. M., Pineles, S. L., et al. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05861-4 · Cited by 38
Effects of intranasal (S)-ketamine on Veterans with co-morbid treatment-resistant depression and PTSD: A retrospective case series
Artin, H., Bentley, S., Mehaffey, E., Liu, F. X., Sojourner, K., Bismark, A. W., Printz, D., Lee, E., Martis, B., Peralta, S. D., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101439 · Cited by 38
Limited Utility for Benzodiazepines in Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review
Wright, S. L. (2020) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01354-6 · Cited by 39
Pharmacological Management of Nightmares Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Geldenhuys, C., van den Heuvel, L. L., Steyn, P., & Seedat, S. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00929-x · Cited by 39
Glucocorticoid-glucocorticoid receptor-HCN1 channels reduce neuronal excitability in dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons
Kim, J., Lei, Y., Lu, X.-Y., & Kim, C. S. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01682-9 · Cited by 33
“However, after the initial pharmacologic treatment, only around 20–30% of patients with PTSD satisfy remission criteria [91, 92].”
Background
A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aripiprazole for chronic PTSD in US military Veterans resistant to antidepressant treatment
Naylor, J. C., Kilts, J. D., Bradford, D. W., Strauss, J. L., Capehart, B. P., Szabo, S. T., Smith, K. D., Dunn, C. E., Conner, K. M., Davidson, J. R. T., et al. (2015) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000061 · Cited by 34
A Diet Enriched with Curcumin Impairs Newly Acquired and Reactivated Fear Memories
Monsey, M. S., Gerhard, D. M., Boyle, L. M., Briones, M. A., Seligsohn, M., & Schafe, G. E. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.315 · Cited by 33
Prefrontal cortex rTMS reverses behavioral impairments and differentially activates c-Fos in a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Legrand, M., Troubat, R., Brizard, B., Guisquet, A. L., Belzung, C., & El‐Hage, W. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.09.003 · Cited by 36
miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of clinical and animal studies
Schmidt, U., Keck, M. E., & Buell, D. R. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.014 · Cited by 33
A review of medical marijuana for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Real symptom re-leaf or just high hopes?
Shishko, I., Oliveira, R., Moore, T. A., & Almeida, K. (2018) · Mental Health Clinician · doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.03.086 · Cited by 35
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor–Expressing Neurons in the Central Amygdala Influence Fear-Related Behavior
Yu, Z., Swiercz, A. P., Moshfegh, C. M., Hopkins, L. S., Wiaderkiewicz, J., Speth, R. C., Park, J., & Marvar, P. J. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.027 · Cited by 32
Co-treatment of piracetam with risperidone rescued extinction deficits in experimental paradigms of post-traumatic stress disorder by restoring the physiological alterations in cortex and hippocampus
Uniyal, A., Singh, R., Akhtar, A., Bansal, Y., Kuhad, A., & Sah, S. P. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172763 · Cited by 31
New approaches to combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Pratchett, L. C., Daly, K. A., Bierer, L. M., & Yehuda, R. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.604030 · Cited by 31

Authors: Berger, W., Mendlowicz, M. V., Marques-Portella, C., Kinrys, G., Fontenelle, L. F., Marmar, C. R., & Figueira, I.
Affiliations: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
Cambridge Health Alliance (US)
San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Berger, William
ORCID: Berger, William
Mendlowicz, Mauro V.
Kinrys, Gustavo
Fontenelle, Leonardo F.
Marmar, Charles R.
Figueira, Ivan
Venue: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 169-180
ISSN: 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.004
PMC: PMC2720612
OpenAlex: W1977428298
Cited by: 347
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 2.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Australian Government
Governo Brasil
National Institute of Mental Health (MH056350-06, R01MH056350)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, pharmacotherapy, antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, risperidone, prazosin, benzodiazepines, antipsychotic drugs, antiepileptic drugs, opioid antagonists, treatment-resistant PTSD, nightmares, insomnia, adjunctive therapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressive Agents, Benzodiazepines, Humans, Narcotic Antagonists, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Antipsychotic Agents, Adrenergic Antagonists

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Pharmacologic alternatives to antidepressants in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks