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Molecular Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Although twin studies demonstrate that ADHD is a highly heritable condition, molecular genetic studies suggest that the genetic architecture of ADHD is complex. The handful of genome-wide linkage and association scans that have been conducted thus far show divergent findings and are, therefore, not conclusive. Similarly, many of the candidate genes reviewed here (ie, DBH, MAOA, SLC6A2, TPH-2, SLC6A4, CHRNA4, GRIN2A) are theoretically compelling from neurobiological systems perspective but available data are sparse and inconsistent. However, candidate gene studies of ADHD have produced substantial evidence implicating several genes in the etiology of the disorder, with meta-analyses supportive of a role of the genes coding for DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3, SNAP-25, and HTR1B in the etiology of ADHD.
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“The MID task has been repeatedly shown to elicit a neural response in the VS to both reward anticipation and receipt (for review see 15,18-20).”
From Increased neural responses to reward in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
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Cites
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Tol, H. H. M. V., Wu, C. M., Guan, H.-C., Ohara, K., Bunzow, J. R., Civelli, O., Kennedy, J., Seeman, P., Niznik, H. B., & Jovanovic, V. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/358149a0 · Cited by 955 · cited 1×
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BackgroundRole of Serotonin in the Paradoxical Calming Effect of Psychostimulants on Hyperactivity
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13 of the 170 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Items 801–900 of 1,001
Antoniou, E., Rigas, N., Orovou, E., & Papatrechas, A. (2021) · Journal of Biosciences and Medicines · doi:10.4236/jbm.2021.94001 · Cited by 12
“After monitoring ADHC children, high inattention and hyperactivity have been identified as an integral part of the disorder in childhood [5] [6] [7].”
BackgroundFunctional Connectivity Based Classification of ADHD Using Different Atlases
Salman, S. A., Lian, Z., Saleem, M., & Zhang, Y.-D. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing · doi:10.1109/pic50277.2020.9350749 · Cited by 8
“He also mentioned that it just not a novelty in the fuzzy theory, it’s also deliberated as an improved substitute for the identification of children’s with ADHD [17].”
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Neurocognitive markers of late‐onset ADHD: a 6‐year longitudinal study
Ilbegi, S., Buitelaar, J. K., Hoekstra, P. J., Hartman, C. A., Franke, B., Faraone, S. V., Oosterlaan, J., Luman, M., van Lieshout, M., & Rommelse, N. N. J. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13272 · Cited by 13
“…(parent in childhood to self-report in adulthood; Caye et al., 2016; Moffitt et al., 2016), undetected childhood ADHD symptoms (Castellanos, 2015; Faraone et al., 2005; Solanto, 2017) and relying the diagnosis in (young) adulthood solely on screening instruments (Caye et al., 2016; Riglin et…”
BackgroundSelf-citationFageera, W., Grizenko, N., Sengupta, S. M., Schmitz, N., & Joober, R. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720934191 · Cited by 8
“Indeed, the mean heritability estimate of ADHD was found to be 70%–80% (Faraone & Mick, 2010; Freitag et al., 2010), placing ADHD among the most heritable psychiatric disorders.”
BackgroundChen, X., Wang, M., Zhang, Q., Hou, Y.-W., Huang, X., Li, S., & Wu, J. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.051 · Cited by 8
The SLC6A3 3′-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms association in the time estimation
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Study books on ADHD genetics: balanced or biased?
Meerman, S. T., Batstra, L., Hoekstra, R., & Grietens, H. (2017) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health & Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2017.1305590 · Cited by 8
“High heritability estimates in combination with unspecified associations — followed by an impressive array of genes with elusive names such as TPH-2, SLC6A4, CHRNA4 and GRIN2A (Faraone & Mick, 2010) might lead students to believe that these weakly associated genes explain these high heritability findings and the probl…”
BackgroundKim, E. J., Kim, Y., Seo, W. S., Lee, S. H., Park, E. J., Bae, S., & Shin, D. (2017) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.2017.28.2.46 · Cited by 8
Hur, Y. (2015) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2015.26 · Cited by 9
“To date, several molecular genetic studies have been successful in detecting genes for ADHD and CD (Faraone & Mick, 2010).”
BackgroundCross-Fostering Differentially Affects ADHD-Related Behaviors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Gauthier, A. C., DeAngeli, N. E., & Bucci, D. J. (2015) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21286 · Cited by 8
“Prior research has established that genetic factors contribute significantly to ADHD; indeed, the results of twin studies have revealed heritability estimates of 0.76 to 0.88 (Faraone et al., 2005; Langer, Grabe, Banaschewski, & Mikolajczyk, 2013; Larsson, Chang, D’Onofrio, & Licthenstein, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialGao, Q., Liu, L., Li, H.-M., Tang, Y.-L., Wu, Z.-M., Chen, Y., Wang, Y.-F., & Qian, Q. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32273 · Cited by 8
“However, the effect size of each risk variant is small [Faraone et al., 2005].”
Backgroundda Silva, M. R. A., Cordeiro, Q., Louzã, M., & Vallada, H. (2011) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054710365989 · Cited by 8
“Family, twin, and adoption studies have demonstrated that there is a strong genetic contribution to ADHD, with heritability estimation around 75% (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundDikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun Genetik Boyutu
Akgün, G. M., Tufan, A. E., Yurteri, N., & Erdoğan, A. (2011) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · doi:10.18863/pgy.31350 · Cited by 11
“[99] Bu konuda yayınlanmış üç meta analiz ve havuzlanmış çalışma mevcuttur.[100-102] İlk iki analiz 9 ve 11 çalışmaya dayalı olarak yapılmıştır (sırasıyla 664 ve 824 bilgilendirici transmisyon).”
Mason, G. M., Spanò, G., & Edgin, J. O. (2014) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-120.1.58 · Cited by 11
Behavioural Genetics of Childhood Disorders
Freitag, C. M., Asherson, P. J., & Hebebrand, J. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_178 · Cited by 7
“…is far from convincing with three negative reports (Li et al. 2006; Maher et al. 2002; Purper-Ouakil et al. 2005) while three other reports found only weak evidence of association (Faraone et al. 2005; Gizer et al. 2009; Yang et al. 2007) far below the stringent criteria reached by DRD4 and DRD5.”
BackgroundInfluentialRothenberger, L. G. (2012) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32111 · Cited by 8
Puyjarinet, F., Chaix, Y., & Biotteau, M. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11010031 · Cited by 13
“The neurodevelopmental etiology is no longer de-bated [7,8], although many environmental risk factors are known to interact with a genetic susceptibility [2].”
Gürbüzer, N., Ceyhun, H. A., Öztürk, N., & Kaşalı, K. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547221149198 · Cited by 8
Ajnakina, O., Shamsutdinova, D., Wimberley, T., Dalsgaard, S., & Steptoe, A. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02279-3 · Cited by 7
“ADHD is a highly heritable disorder [5], with a pooled analysis of 20 twin studies reporting a mean heritability estimate of 76% [6].”
BackgroundFamily Context and ADHD Symptoms in Middle Childhood: an Explanatory Model
Barreto‐Zarza, F., de Miguel, M. S., Arranz‐Freijo, E. B., Acha, J., González, L., Rebagliato, M., & Ibarluzea, J. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02206-9 · Cited by 7
Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in the Treatment of ADHD
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Bethune, S. C., Rogers, M., Smith, D., Whitley, J., Hone, M. J. G., & McBrearty, N. (2022) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547221115874 · Cited by 11
“Given that ADHD is highly heritable, it is common to see traits of ADHD in parents, as well as their children (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundKnockdown of the ADHD Candidate Gene Diras2 in Murine Hippocampal Primary Cells
Grünewald, L., Chiocchetti, A. G., Weber, H., Scholz, C. J., Schartner, C., Freudenberg, F., & Reif, A. (2019) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718822129 · Cited by 9
“Twin studies revealed a heritability of ADHD of almost 80% (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundFootedness Is Associated With ADHD Symptoms in the Adult General Population
Tran, U., & Voracek, M. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715586570 · Cited by 7
“ADHD has an average heritability of around 76% (Faraone et al., 2005), but environmental factors, particularly prenatal risk factors, such as exposure to nicotine, alcohol, and drugs; maternal stress; preterm birth; and low birth weight, also play a role in the development of the disorder (Kooij et al.”
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“This finding is consistent with the results of other studies analysing the heritability of ADHD, which has been estimated to reach almost 80%.(13) Gathering the patient’s clinical history and data on the parents’ psychological disorders is therefore essential.”
ResultRichards, T., Abbott, R. D., Yagle, K., Peterson, D., Raskind, W., & Berninger, V. (2017) · Journal of Systems and Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.15761/jsin.1000173 · Cited by 7
“However, the cognitive behavioral deficits in ADHD and reading disabilities are not the same [56].”
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“Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000173 Biederman et al., 1990; Faraone and Biederman, 1998; Sprich et al., 2000; Faraone et al., 2005).”
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“INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that develops during childhood and persists during adulthood; it is characterized by motor activity inconsistent with developmental level, attention deficit, and impulsivity (1).”
BackgroundMeta-analysis of the DRD5 VNTR in persistent ADHD
Klein, M., Berger, S., Hoogman, M., Dammers, J. T., Makkinje, R. R., Heister, A. J. G. A. M., Galesloot, T. E., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Weber, H., Kittel‐Schneider, S., et al. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.06.012 · Cited by 10
“Although ADHD is highly heritable in both children and adults (Faraone et al., 2005), only a few genetic risk factors have consistently been associated with ADHD risk, and most variants investigated are related to genes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission systems (Gizer et al.”
Self-citationFamiliality of Co-existing ADHD and Tic Disorders: Evidence from a Large Sibling Study
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“A meta-analysis of 20 pooled twin studies estimated an average hereditability of 76%, suggesting that ADHD is one of the disorders with the strongest genetic component in psychiatry [7].”
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“39 Our study included only three-generation French-Canadian participants.”
Graphomotor functions in ADHD – motor or planning deficit? A microgenetic approach
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“Most of the evidence indicates that there is a connection between ADHD and the genes associated with the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic systems (Faraone et al., 2005).”
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Investigating the Contribution of Common Genetic Variants to the Risk and Pathogenesis of ADHD
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The relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and NLRP3 inflammasome
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Bacanlı, A., Ünsel‐Bolat, G., Süren, S., Yazıcı, K. U., Çallı, C., Jafari, D. A., Kosova, B., Rohde, L. A., & Ercan, E. S. (2021) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-020-00437-w · Cited by 10
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“One clinic-based study reported a two- to eightfold increased odds of ADHD in children whose parents had ADHD as children (Faraone et al., 2005), and another reported odds ratios (ORs) of between 2.5 and 4.6 for fathers with childhood ADHD and between 15 and 23 for mothers with childhood ADHD…”
InfluentialKim, H.-J., Kim, J., Kim, H., Kim, J.-W., & Kim, B.-N. (2017) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.785 · Cited by 6
“Family, twin, and adoption studies of ADHD patients have estimated its heritability to be approximately 75% (Faraone et al., 2005), and the findings of genetic studies indicate that ADHD is a complex polygenic disorder.”
BackgroundADHD in Pediatric Epilepsy: Fact or Fiction?
Caplan, R. (2017) · Epilepsy Currents · doi:10.5698/1535-7511.17.2.93 · Cited by 6
MAOA Influences the Trajectory of Attentional Development
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“Associated with depression, autism, and ADHD (Faraone and Mick, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe impact of maternal neglect on genetic hyperactivity
Majdak, P., Grogan, E. L., Gogola, J. V., Sorokina, A., Tse, S., & Rhodes, J. S. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.033 · Cited by 8
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“Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity are the key behaviors of ADHD [19-24].”
BackgroundAssessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: part 1.
French, W. P. (2015) · Pediatric annals · doi:10.3928/00904481-20150313-13 · Cited by 6
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“With an estimated heritability of approximately 75%, ADHD is generally regarded as having a genetic basis [2].”
BackgroundCaci, H. M., & Paillé, S. (2014) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2014.08.035 · Cited by 5
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“Both have also been associated with various genetic polymorphisms (Faraone & Mick, 2010; Nussbaum, McInnes, & Willard, 2007), and research suggests that children with OFC are overdiagnosed with ADHD (Richman, Ryan, Wilgenbusch, & Millard, 2004).”
BackgroundUnderstanding attention deficit disorder: a neuroscience prospective
Konopka, L. M. (2014) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2014.55.174 · Cited by 7
Castro, T., Mateus, H., Fonseca, D., Forero, D., Restrepo, C., Talero, C., Vélez, A., & Laissue, P. (2013) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-013-1569-4 · Cited by 6
“Candidate gene approaches led to propose molecular markers within relevant genes, such as DRD4, DRD5, HTR1B, SLC6A4, SNAP-25, DBH and SLC6A [1, 2].”
BackgroundRivkin, A., Alexander, R., Knighton, J., Hutson, P. H., Wang, X. J., Snavely, D. B., Rosah, T., Watt, A. P., Reimherr, F. W., & Adler, L. A. (2011) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711423633 · Cited by 6
“Analysis of 20 twin studies conducted over the last 30+ years in the United States and other countries show a mean heritability estimate for ADHD to be 76%, which makes this one of the most heritable psychiatric disorders (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundThe Effects of Childhood ADHD Symptoms on Early-onset Substance Use: A Swedish Twin Study
Chang, Z., Lichtenstein, P., & Larsson, H. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9575-6 · Cited by 108
“Family, adoption and twin studies have been highly consistent in showing strong genetic influences on ADHD (Faraone et al. 2005) and substance use (Hopfer et al. 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialSNAP-25 may mediate the association of lead exposure and ADHD.
Ghanizadeh, A. (2011) · European journal of paediatric neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2010.11.006 · Cited by 6
Hewitt, K., Marsden, C., Hollis, C., & Fone, K. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.08.006 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, polymorphisms of several dopamine genes and of the dopamine transporter have been suggested to play a major role in the aetiology of ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005; Winsberg and Comings,1999; Rommelse et al., 2008; Xu et al., 2009).”
Principles and Practice of College Health
Vaughn, J. A., & Viera, A. (2021) · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56309-7 · Cited by 6
Chang, H.-J., Yan, Q., Tang, L.-N., Huang, J., Ma, Y.-Q., Ye, X.-Z., Wu, C., Wu, L.-G., & Yu, Y.-Z. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.052 · Cited by 6
Chan, W. W. Y., Shum, K., Downs, J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14103 · Cited by 5
Alawie, F., Olivier, E., & Dupéré, V. (2024) · Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316231224812 · Cited by 5
“When conditions are not optimal, PA may not change hyperactivity-inattention problems, which tend to be quite stable given their neurological origins (Faraone et al., 2005).”
Gómez-Cano, S., Ospina, J. P. Z., Arcos‐Burgos, M., & Palacio-Ortíz, J. D. (2023) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.007 · Cited by 3
Ayubi, E., & Mansori, K. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v51i12.11458 · Cited by 5
Droguerre, M., Vidal, B., Valdebenito, M., Mouthon, F., Zimmer, L., & Charvériat, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.865140 · Cited by 5
A clinician’s guide for navigating the world of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications
Mattingly, G., & Young, J. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000146 · Cited by 5
“Our basic understanding of the neurophysiology of ADHD has advanced dramatically with studies by investigators such as Nora Volkow, who highlighted the differences in dopamine transporter activity in childrenwithADHD, Philip Shawwho trackedmaturation of the prefrontal cortex in children with ADHD, and studies looking…”
BackgroundKim, J., Kim, J.-W., Shin, I., & Kim, B.-N. (2021) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718776466 · Cited by 5
“ADHD is a complex polygenetic disorder, in which genetic factors contribute to 75% of its heritability, while environmental factors are responsible for the remaining 25% (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCoetzee, C., Truter, I., & Meyer, A. (2020) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2020.1835467 · Cited by 7
“Evidence from genetic association studies of personality suggests that high levels of novelty-seeking traits are often associated with psychological disorders such as ADHD [73].”
BackgroundParent–Adolescent Conflict in Adolescents with ADHD: Rater Agreement and Associated Factors
Hulsbosch, A., Boyer, B. E., & der Oord, S. V. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01801-6 · Cited by 9
Rapin, L., Poissant, H., & Mendrek, A. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714524983 · Cited by 7
“Genetic factors have been implicated in ADHD suggesting a high heritability of the disorder (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundEvaluating the features of the brain waves to quantify ADHD improvement by neurofeedback
Dehghanpour, P., & Einalou, Z. (2017) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.3233/thc-170845 · Cited by 5
“The studies show that the underlying causes of ADHD are hereditary/genetic and environmental factors [4,7].”
A network medicine approach to psychiatric genetics
Lasky-Su, J. A. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32191 · Cited by 2
“[Anon, 1983; McGuffin et al., 2003; Faraone et al., 2005; Husted et al., 2006; Stacey et al., 2009; Rommelse et al., 2010; Hallmayer et al., 2011] are notably higher than for other complex diseases such as cancer and several measures of heart disease, which typically have heritability estimates…”
BackgroundCherkasova, M. V., & Hechtman, L. T. (2013) · doi:10.2217/ebo.12.274 · Cited by 2
Catale, C., & Meulemans, T. (2013) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.12.005 · Cited by 12
Lagos, L. P., Silva, C., Rothhammer, P., Carrasco, X., Llop, E., Aboitiz, F., & Rothhammer, F. (2011) · Revista médica de Chile (Impresa) · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872011000500006 · Cited by 5
Methylphenidate Patch-Test Protocol and Irritancy Threshold Determination in Healthy Adult Subjects
Fowler, J., Warshaw, E., & Squires, L. (2009) · Dermatitis · doi:10.2310/6620.2009.09001 · Cited by 5
Perspective on the genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Neale, B. M., & Faraone, S. V. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30875 · Cited by 5
“Among the common psychiatric diseases, ADHD is one of the most common ( 8–12% worldwide) and has one of the highest heritabilities, with estimates from twin studies averaging around 75% [Faraone et al., 2003, 2005].”
BackgroundSelf-citationImpulsiveness and Inhibitory Mechanisms
Bari, A., Kellermann, T. S., & Studer, B. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800935-2.00006-3 · Cited by 11
Günter, M. (2015) · doi:10.3917/lapsy.151.0121 · Cited by 5
“D’autre part, des polymorphismes génétiques du système dopaminergique ont été associés au TADH (Banaschewski et al., 2010 ; Faraone et al., 2005 ; Levy et al., 1997 ; Tannock, 1998).”
BackgroundGenética aplicada a la práctica clínica en trastornos del neurodesarrollo
Fernández-Jaén, A., Cigudosa, J. C., Fernández-Mayoralas, D., Suela-Rubio, J., Fernández-Perrone, A. L., Calleja-Pérez, B., & López-Martín, S. (2014) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.58s01.2014008 · Cited by 5
“Evaluando con detalle el TDAH, al haber sido en las últimas dos décadas el trastorno más analizado desde la genética [27], po demos observar que la mayor parte de estudios re ferencian patrones de heredabilidad [33] o varian tes genéticas que si bien están presentes en la po blación general, se muestran con mayor…”
BackgroundGenome-Wide Association Studies on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Ashmore, K. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.4172/2161-1459.1000119 · Cited by 6
“ADHD is considered to be a highly heritable disorder from the previous family-based study [1].”
BackgroundThe scope of no return: Openness predicts the spatial distribution of Inhibition of Return
Wilson, K. E., Lowe, M. X., Ruppel, J., Pratt, J., & Ferber, S. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0991-5 · Cited by 30
“From a developmental perspective it is unclear whether attentional biases drive the development of personality or vice versa, as there is evidence of genetic components to both attention (Faraone et al., 2005; Fossella et al., 2002) and personality (Jang, Livesley, & Vemon, 1996; Loehlin, McCrae, Costa, & John, 1998).”
BackgroundClinician’s Guide to ADHD Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents: Case Studies
Sadek, J. (2019) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45635-5 · Cited by 4
Detection and Classification of ADHD Using Deep Learning Based on EEG Signals
Liu, X. (2024) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/12cjyf16 · Cited by 5
“From the perspective of etiology, this disorder has a strong genetic factor, with an estimated heritability of 76% [9].”
BackgroundMorales-Muñoz, I., Paavonen, E. J., Kantojärvi, K., Härkänen, T., Saarenpää-Heikkilä, O., Kylliäinen, A., Himanen, S., & Paunio, T. (2023) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad047 · Cited by 4
“For instance, twin studies indicate that the heritability of ADHD is as high as 70–80% [2].”
BackgroundHogan, E., Akpan, M., Ijezie, E., & Edem, K. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics · doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213312 · Cited by 4
Saadeh, R., Jayawardene, W. P., Lohrmann, D., YoussefAgha, A. H., & Allouh, M. Z. (2020) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.22541/au.160546871.13754458/v1 · Cited by 4
“ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed neurobe‐ havioral childhood disorder, and its prevalence reaches 8‐12% worldwide (2).”
BackgroundAlpay, M., Yektaş, Ç., & Karaçor, K. (2020) · Konuralp Tip Dergisi · doi:10.18521/ktd.737628 · Cited by 4
“High heritability rates for ADHD were shown in genetic studies approximately 75% (3,4) but also gene-environment interaction plays an important role for emergence on clinical presentation of ADHD (5).”
BackgroundOliva, F., di Girolamo, G., Malandrone, F., Iaia, N., Biasi, F., & Maina, G. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02946-w · Cited by 6
“Although the etiopathogenesis of ADHD is still unclear, a gene by environment model has been proposed to explain the high family history of the disorder [2, 10, 11].”
BackgroundÖztürk, Y., Topal, Z., Demir, N., & Tufan, A. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Research · doi:10.4274/jpr.galenos.2019.45822 · Cited by 4
“Thus, it is one of the highest hereditary neuropsychiatric disorders (6,7).”
Piras, I. S., Costa, A. C. L., Tirindelli, M. C., Stoccoro, A., Huentelman, M. J., Sacco, R., Coppedè, F., & Lintas, C. (2020) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2019-0356 · Cited by 4
Seernani, D., Ioannou, C., Damania, K., Spindler, K., Hill, H., Foulsham, T., Smyrnis, N., Bender, S., Fleischhaker, C., Biscaldi, M., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224186 · Cited by 4
“The high comorbidity rates, along with the high heritability rates of both disorders (>90% for ASD, 70-76% for ADHD) and functional, structural and genetic evidence for a shared aetiology of both [11, 35], call for the study of ASD, ADHD and ASD+ADHD in parallel for constructs typical to each of the disorders.”
BackgroundADHD: relation between cognitive characteristics and DAT1 / DRD4 dopamine polymorphismsPreprint
Cristina, P. M., Enrique, Á. J., María, P. A., Antonio, V. R., & Arboleda, H. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/452805 · Cited by 5
“Several recent metaanalysis support this conclusion for both case-controls and intrafamily studies (Faraone et al, 2005; Hedebrand, Dempfle, Saar et al, 2005) becoming one of the polymorphisms with greater consistency in neuropsychiatric diseases (Greenwood, Alexander, Keck et al, 2001, Ogdie,…”
BackgroundResultPotential Role of ADRA2A Genetic Variants in the Etiology of ADHD Comorbid With Tic Disorders
Xu, D., Liu, L., Li, H., Sun, L., Yang, L., Qian, Q., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718757646 · Cited by 5
“Both ADHD and TD are polygenic disorders with a heritability of 0.76 and 0.77, respectively (Faraone et al., 2005; Mataix-Cols et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialAkay, A. P., Yazıcıoğlu, Ç. E., Güney, S. A., Erkuran, H. Ö., Kızıldağ, S., Baykara, B., Özyurt, G., Kadıçeşme, Ş. Y., Miral, S., & Emiroğlu, N. İ. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1418134 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Faraone, S. V., & Mick, E.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faraone, Stephen V.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-180
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847260
- OpenAlex
- W2168200222
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066877, R13MH059126)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, genetic etiology, heritability, genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide association study, candidate genes, DBH, monoamine oxidase A, norepinephrine transporter, serotonin transporter, CHRNA4, GRIN2A, DRD4, DRD5, dopamine transporter, SNAP-25, 5-HT1B receptor, dopamine, monoamine transporters, neurotransmitter systems
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Molecular Biology, Twins, Gene Expression, Prevalence, Genome-Wide Association Study
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