The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 170 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Molecular Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Although twin studies demonstrate that ADHD is a highly heritable condition, molecular genetic studies suggest that the genetic architecture of ADHD is complex. The handful of genome-wide linkage and association scans that have been conducted thus far show divergent findings and are, therefore, not conclusive. Similarly, many of the candidate genes reviewed here (ie, DBH, MAOA, SLC6A2, TPH-2, SLC6A4, CHRNA4, GRIN2A) are theoretically compelling from neurobiological systems perspective but available data are sparse and inconsistent. However, candidate gene studies of ADHD have produced substantial evidence implicating several genes in the etiology of the disorder, with meta-analyses supportive of a role of the genes coding for DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3, SNAP-25, and HTR1B in the etiology of ADHD.
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“The MID task has been repeatedly shown to elicit a neural response in the VS to both reward anticipation and receipt (for review see 15,18-20).”
From Increased neural responses to reward in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
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Cites
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BackgroundSelf-citationHyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter
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“Treating these ‘‘knockout’’ mice with stimulants reduces their hyperactivity.(52,53) Using a family-based association study, Cook and colleagues(54) first reported an association between ADHD and the 10-repeat allele of the 30UTR VNTR.”
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BackgroundSelf-citationMultiple dopamine D4 receptor variants in the human population
Tol, H. H. M. V., Wu, C. M., Guan, H.-C., Ohara, K., Bunzow, J. R., Civelli, O., Kennedy, J., Seeman, P., Niznik, H. B., & Jovanovic, V. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/358149a0 · Cited by 955 · cited 1×
“focused on a tandem repeat polymorphism in exon III of DRD4 because in vitro studies have shown that one variant (the 7-repeat allele) produces a blunted response to dopamine.(26,27) Faraone and colleagues(8) conducted a meta analysis of the 7-repeat allele of the exon III polymorphism and found statistically signific…”
BackgroundRole of Serotonin in the Paradoxical Calming Effect of Psychostimulants on Hyperactivity
Gainetdinov, R. R., Wetsel, W. C., Jones, S. R., Levin, E. D., Jaber, M., & Caron, M. G. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5400.397 · Cited by 885 · cited 1×
“Treating these ‘‘knockout’’ mice with stimulants reduces their hyperactivity.(52,53) Using a family-based association study, Cook and colleagues(54) first reported an association between ADHD and the 10-repeat allele of the 30UTR VNTR.”
BackgroundModulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by different human dopamine D4 receptor variants
Asghari, V., Sanyal, S., Buchwaldt, S., Paterson, A., Jovanovic, V., & Van Tol, H. H. M. (1995) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65031157.x · Cited by 858 · cited 1×
“focused on a tandem repeat polymorphism in exon III of DRD4 because in vitro studies have shown that one variant (the 7-repeat allele) produces a blunted response to dopamine.(26,27) Faraone and colleagues(8) conducted a meta analysis of the 7-repeat allele of the exon III polymorphism and found statistically signific…”
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13 of the 170 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
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Items 501–600 of 1,001
Himpel, S., Banaschewski, T., Grüttner, A., Becker, A., Heise, A., Uebel, H., Albrecht, B., Rothenberger, A., & Rammsayer, T. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170900542x · Cited by 30
“Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder (Faraone et al. 2005).”
BackgroundAnney, R., Hawi, Z., Sheehan, K., Mulligan, A., Pinto, C., Brookes, K. J., Xu, X., Zhou, K., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30659 · Cited by 30
“Meta-analysis of these data suggests that variation in the genes that code for the dopamine receptors D4 (DRD4) and D5 (DRD5), the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter (SLC6A4), the serotonin 1B receptor (HTR1B), synaptosomal protein of 25kD (SNAP25) and the dopamine transporter [SLC6A3 (DAT1)] influence suscep…”
Self-citationBumb, J. M., Mier, D., Noelte, I., Schredl, M., Kirsch, P., Hennig, O., Liebrich, L., Fenske, S., Alm, B., Sauer, C., et al. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.016 · Cited by 30
“It has been stated that complex and heterogeneous interferences of genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathophysiology (Banaschewski et al., 2010; Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundDevelopmental Learning Disorders: From Generic Interventions to Individualized Remediation
Moreau, D., & Waldie, K. E. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02053 · Cited by 34
“We then examine current interventions, and consider the benefits of approaches that integrate remediation within other activities to encourage sustained motivation and improvements.”
BackgroundPeña, I. C. D., Bang, M., Lee, J., de la Peña, J. B. D., Kim, B.-N., Han, D., Noh, M., Shin, C., & Cheong, J. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.012 · Cited by 29
“It is a highly heritable disorder, with heritability estimated at about 76% [2].”
BackgroundThissen, A. J. A. M., Bralten, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., Vásquez, A. A., Greven, C. U., Heslenfeld, D. J., Luman, M., Oosterlaan, J., Hoekstra, P. J., Hartman, C. A., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32290 · Cited by 25
“The heritability of ADHD is estimated to be 76% [Faraone et al., 2005], but gene-finding in ADHD has been difficult.”
BackgroundChen, L., Yang, X.-B., Zhou, X., Wang, C., Gong, X., Chen, B., & Chen, Y.-H. (2015) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2015.37 · Cited by 29
“To date, polymorphisms in several candidate genes have been associated with the disorder, including the D4 and D5 dopamine receptor (3,4), the dopamine transporter (DAT) and synaptosomalassociated protein 25 (5,6), etc.”
BackgroundCamporeale, A., Porsdal, V., Bruyckere, K. D., Tanaka, Y., Upadhyaya, H. P., Deix, C., & Deberdt, W. G. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114560183 · Cited by 29
“4% of the adult population in the USA (Faraone et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 2005, 2006); estimates for European countries range from 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialTovo‐Rodrigues, L., Rohde, L. A., Menezes, A. M. B., Polanczyk, G. V., Kieling, C., Genro, J. P., Anselmi, L., & Hutz, M. H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085164 · Cited by 33
“This disorder has a heritability of approximately 76% [2], affecting about 5% of school-age children.”
BackgroundPasini, A., Sinibaldi, L., Paloscia, C., Douzgou, S., Pitzianti, M., Romeo, E., Curatolo, P., & Pizzuti, A. (2013) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.02.002 · Cited by 28
“DAT 30UTR VNTR has been associatedwith ADHDand other psychiatric disorders.(18,19,20,21,22) It presents two most common alleles: a 9-repeat (9R) and 10repeat (10R) of a 40-base-pair (bp) sequence.”
BackgroundDopamine D4 receptor gene variation impacts self-reported altruism
Anacker, K., Enge, S., Reif, A., Lesch, K., & Strobel, A. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.49 · Cited by 29
Zhou, Y., Michelhaugh, S., Schmidt, C. J., Liu, J., Bannon, M., & Lin, Z.-C. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00391.x · Cited by 29
“More recently, the 6-repeat of 30-bp allele in © 2011 The Authors, Addiction Biology © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction Addiction Biology, 19, 122–131 Int8VNTR was associated with cocaine addiction in Brazilians, smoking in a British population and ADHD in both British and Taiwanese populations (Brookes et al.…”
Circadian Clocks in the Regulation of Neurotransmitter Systems
Kiehn, J., Faltraco, F., Palm, D., Thome, J., & Oster, H. (2019) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1027-7055 · Cited by 36
“rs3805148 ADHD (inattention) [84] MD [87] rs12504300 ADHD (inattention) [84] rs4864542 rs12649507 rs534654 BD [68] rs6850524 rs4340844”
The Development of Comorbid Conduct Problems in Children With ADHD
Danforth, J. S., Connor, D. F., & Doerfler, L. A. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713517546 · Cited by 33
“However, the mean heritability estimate for ADHD is 76% (Faraone & Mick, 2010) making it among the most heritable of psychiatric disorders, and about half of the variance in CP behavior and aggression appears determined by genes that encode for proteins associated with CNS monoaminergic…”
BackgroundLiu, L., Sun, L., Li, Z., Li, H., Wei, L., Wang, Y., & Qian, Q. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-9-48 · Cited by 30
“76 [1] has suggested the important role of genetic factors in its etiology.”
BackgroundGenetic variation in dopamine‐related gene expression influences motor skill learning in mice
Qian, Y., Chen, M., Forssberg, H., & Heijtz, R. D. (2013) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12062 · Cited by 28
Medin, T., Rinholm, J. E., Owe, S. G., Sagvolden, T., GJEDDE, A. H., Storm‐Mathisen, J., & Bergersen, L. H. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.036 · Cited by 27
“The bulk of the evidence suggests that a disturbance of the dopaminergic system underlies the symptoms (Castellanos, 1997; Faraone et al., 2005; Arnsten, 2006; Staller and Faraone, 2007; Faraone and Mick, 2010).”
Sánchez‐Mora, C., Marta Ribasés, A., Casas, M., Bayés, M., Bosch, R., Fernàndez‐Castillo, N., Brunso, L., Jacobsen, K. K., Landaas, E. T., Lundervold, A. J., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31202 · Cited by 25
“A review of 20 twin studies in children estimated the heritability of ADHD to be around 76% [Faraone et al., 2005; Faraone and Mick, 2010].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationKim, B.-N., Kim, J.-W., Hong, S.-B., Cho, S.-C., Shin, M., & Yoo, H. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-6-57 · Cited by 28
“The search for candidate genes associated with ADHD has been largely driven by the understanding that medications for this disorder have drug targets in the catecholamine neurotransmitter systems [32].”
BackgroundÖner, Ö., Akın, A., Herken, H., Erdal, M., Çiftçi, K., Ay, M., Biçer, D., Öncü, B., Bozkurt, O., Munir, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054710374597 · Cited by 28
“Numerous genetic alterations have been reported in participants with ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIs ADHD a valid diagnosis in adults? Yes
Asherson, P. J., Adamou, M., Bolea-Alamanac, B. M., Müller, U., Dunn-Morua, S., Pitts, M. E., Thome, J., & Young, S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c549 · Cited by 92
Wigg, K., Feng, Y., Crosbie, J., Tannock, R., Kennedy, J., Ickowicz, A., Malone, M., Schachar, R., & Barr, C. (2008) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00425.x · Cited by 28
“approach has been very successful in identifying genes contributing to ADHD (Faraone et al. 2005).”
MethodBoxhoorn, S., Bast, N., Supèr, H., Polzer, L., Cholemkery, H., & Freitag, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13179 · Cited by 35
Jokiranta-Olkoniemi, E., Cheslack-Postava, K., Joelsson, P., Suominen, A., Brown, A. S., & Sourander, A. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000521 · Cited by 27
“…which have been extended to cover the full, non-twin siblings of an ADHD proband have generally focused on examining the familial aggregation of ADHD, which is now well established through twin, clinical, and population-based samples (Faraone et al. 2005; Chang et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2016).”
BackgroundMethylphenidate effects in the young brain: friend or foe?
Loureiro‐Vieira, S., Costa, V. M., Bastos, M. D. L., Carvalho, F. D., & Capela, J. P. (2017) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.04.002 · Cited by 37
“Faraone and coworkers estimated a mean heritability of 76% after a review of 20 twin studies from Australia, the European Union, Scandinavia, and the United States, giving to ADHD the title of the most heritable psychiatric disorder (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundPark, S. H., Guastella, A. J., Lynskey, M. T., Arpana Agrawal, A., Constantino, J. N., Medland, S. E., Song, Y. J. C., Martin, N. G., & Colodro‐Conde, L. (2017) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2017.38 · Cited by 36
“, 2009) and about 80% for ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005; Lichtenstein et al., 2010) in children.”
BackgroundLima, L. D. A., dos Santos, A. C. F., Belangero, S. I., Gadelha, A., Bressan, R. A., Salum, G. A., Pan, P. M., Moriyama, T. S., Graeff‐Martins, A. S., Tamanaha, A. C., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22851 · Cited by 27
Buchmann, A., Hohm, E., Witt, S., Blomeyer, D., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Schmidt, M., Esser, G., Banaschewski, T., Brandeis, D., & Laucht, M. (2015) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-014-1266-3 · Cited by 27
“However, evidence that ADHD is related to variation in genes encoding for proteins involved in 5-HT and endocannabinoid neurotransmission is sparse or even lacking (Faraone and Mick 2010).”
BackgroundThe gene in its natural habitat: The importance of gene–trait interactions
DeYoung, C. G., & Clark, R. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000727 · Cited by 31
“The 7-repeat allele is a risk factor for ADHD and other externalizing problems (Faraone et al., 2005); yet, in populations with high externalizing, it appears to be protective against cognitive deficits (DeYoung et al.”
BackgroundSex-specific influence of DRD2 on ADHD-type temperament in a large population-based birth cohort
Nyman, E. S., Loukola, A., Varilo, T., Taanila, A., Hurtig, T., Moilanen, I., Loo, S., McGough, J., Järvelin, M., Smalley, S., et al. (2012) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e32834c0cc8 · Cited by 27
“Although ADHD is among the most heritable psychiatric disorders with heritability estimated at 76% (Faraone et al., 2005), the search for specific genetic risk variants remains inconclusive (Mick and Faraone, 2008).”
BackgroundBennett, D. S., Mohamed, F. B., Carmody, D. P., Malik, M., Faro, S. H., & Lewis, M. (2012) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9192-1 · Cited by 30
Müller, D., Chiesa, A., Mandelli, L., Luca, V. D., Ronchi, D. D., Jain, U., Serretti, A., & Kennedy, J. L. (2010) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71567-4 · Cited by 27
“Conversely, the involvement of other genes, such as the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) and the nicotinic receptor CHRNA7, was not replicated (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundBrocki, K. C., Clerkin, S. M., Guise, K. G., Fan, J., & Fossella, J. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.029 · Cited by 32
Ouellet‐Morin, I., Wigg, K. G., Feng, Y., Dionne, G., Robaey, P., Brendgen, M. R., Vitaro, F., Simard, L. R., Schachar, R. J., Tremblay, R. E., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30677 · Cited by 23
“Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in childhood, affecting 8–12% of children worldwide [Faraone et al., 2005].”
Michelini, G., Cheung, C. H. M., Kitsune, V., Brandeis, D., Banaschewski, T., McLoughlin, G., Asherson, P., Rijsdijk, F., & Kuntsi, J. (2021) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718771191 · Cited by 27
“ADHD, cognitive performance, event-related potentials, adolescence, adulthood, family study shared environment on ADHD (Burt, Larsson, Lichtenstein, & Klump, 2012; Faraone et al., 2005).”
Kim, J. I., Kim, J.-W., Park, S., Hong, S.-B., Lee, D. S., Paek, S. H., Han, D. H., Cheong, J. H., & Kim, B.-N. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716649665 · Cited by 25
“Previous family, twin and adoption studies of ADHD have estimated heritability at 76% (Faraone et al., 2005), and ADHD is considered to be a complex polygenic disorder.”
BackgroundKim, J., Yoo, J., Kim, D., Jeong, B., & Kim, B.-N. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9690-2 · Cited by 26
Musser, E. D., Willoughby, M. T., Wright, S. M., Sullivan, E. L., Stadler, D. D., Olson, B. F., Steiner, R. D., & Nigg, J. T. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12662 · Cited by 32
“While attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has substantial heritability of liability (Faraone et al., 2005), the interplay between genetic and specific environmental factors remains largely unknown.”
BackgroundAutoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Hoffmann, C., Zong, S., Mané-Damas, M., Molenaar, P. C., Losen, M. H., & Martínez‐Martínez, P. (2016) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib5020009 · Cited by 30
“Strong genetic link as well as environmental factors [25]; heritability ~76% [26]; post-infectious autoimmunity [27].”
BackgroundShemmassian, S. K., & Lee, S. S. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.971457 · Cited by 58
“Attention-deficit=hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable (Faraone et al., 2005; Waldman & Gizer, 2006) childhood-onset disorder characterized by developmentally extreme and impairing levels of inattention and=or hyperactivity=impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).”
BackgroundMethylphenidate in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders.
Simon, N., Rolland, B., & Karila, L. (2015) · Current pharmaceutical design · doi:10.2174/1381612821666150619093254 · Cited by 26
“This result confirms previous conclusions that ADHD is the extreme of a trait that varies continuously in the population [4-6].”
BackgroundResultMouri, A., Hoshino, Y., Narusawa, S., Ikegami, K., Mizoguchi, H., Murata, Y., Yoshimura, T., & Nabeshima, T. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.021 · Cited by 33
Mulligan, R. C., Kristjansson, S. D., Reiersen, A. M., Parra, A. S., & Anokhin, A. P. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.033 · Cited by 29
“The most replicated genetic association with ADHD is with a Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) of a 48 bp sequence located in exon 3 of DRD4 (Faraone et al., 2005; Gizer, Ficks, & Waldman, 2009; Li, Sham, Owen, & He, 2006), a gene that encodes the dopamine D4 receptor (Ding et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYoshida, M., Watanabe, Y., Yamanishi, K., Yamashita, A., Yamamoto, H., Okuzaki, D., Shimada, K., Nojima, H., Yasunaga, T., Okamura, H., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2014.1631 · Cited by 26
“Firstly, candidate genes responsible for causing hypertension, stroke and ADHD were selected from each group as significantly enriched genes using DAVID (10,11).”
InfluentialApplying Imaging Genetics to ADHD: the Promises and the Challenges
Wu, Z.-M., Yang, L., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8683-z · Cited by 22
Preliminary evidence for altered motion tracking-based hyperactivity in ADHD siblings
Reh, V., Schmidt, M. H., Rief, W., & Christiansen, H. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-10-7 · Cited by 26
“It is well-established that there is a strong genetic basis for the disorder, and heritability estimates suggest that over 70% of the phenotypic variability in ADHD is due to genetic factors [5].”
BackgroundHong, S.-B., Kim, J.-W., Cho, S.-C., Shin, M., Kim, B.-N., & Yoo, H. (2012) · Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0076 · Cited by 26
“And considering the many candidate genes suggested for ADHD (Banaschewski et al. 2010; Faraone and Mick 2010), no pharmacogenetic study of this disorder, including ours, has yet comprised enough genetic polymorphisms in the analysis simultaneously with their possible combinations of interaction.”
The Course of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms After Foster Placement
Linares, L., Li, M.-M., Shrout, P., Ramirez-Gaite, M., Hope, S., Albert, A., & Castellanos, F. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1285 · Cited by 26
“59) ADHD inattentive type, n (%) Wave 1 18/203 (9) 18/231 (8) — Wave 2 6/205 (3) 13/173 (8) — Wave 3 9/195 (5) 5/123 (4) — Wave 4 6/178 (4) 12/85 (14) — Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, n (%) Wave 1 3.”
Cross-fostering does not alter the neurochemistry or behavior of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Howells, F. M., Bindewald, L., & Russell, V. A. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-24 · Cited by 46
“Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder resulting from complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions which give rise to variable expression of the defining symptoms of impaired sustained attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity [1-5].”
Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth
Brookes, K., Neale, B., Xu, X., Thapar, A., Gill, M., Langley, K., Hawi, Z., Mill, J., Taylor, E., Franke, B., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30562 · Cited by 26
“Overall the combined dataset confirms the allele-specific hypothesis established by the results of meta-analyses of world data, for a small but significant association of the 7-repeat allele in the exon 3 VNTR with ADHD [Faraone et al., 2005].”
ResultSelf-citationThe Four Causes of ADHD: A Framework
Killeen, P. R., Tannock, R., & Sagvolden, T. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_160 · Cited by 23
“23 ADHD is highly heritable (~ 0.7-0.8, just under the values for height and IQ; Bouchard 2004; Faraone and Mick 2010), and is polygenetic, with interactions between gene and environment playing a central role in its manifestation (Kahn et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialParent-of-origin effects of FAS and PDLIM1 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Wang, K. S., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Aragam, N., & Pan, Y. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.100173 · Cited by 22
Polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders correlates with executive function in typical development
Schork, A. J., Brown, T. T., Hagler, D. J., Thompson, W. K., Chen, C. ‐., Dale, A. M., Jernigan, T. L., Akshoomoff, N. A., & for the Pediatric Imaging, N. A. G. S. (2018) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12480 · Cited by 28
The Impact of Depressive Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences on Quality of Life in Adults With ADHD
Matthies, S., Sadohara-Bannwarth, C., Lehnhart, S., Schulte-Maeter, J., & Philipsen, A. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716654568 · Cited by 25
“ADHD is a highly heritable disorder (Faraone et al., 2005).”
Katayama, N., Yamamori, S., Fukaya, M., Kobayashi, S., Watanabe, M., Takahashi, M., & Manabe, T. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08237-x · Cited by 25
Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Hill, P. (2017) · InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice · doi:10.1177/1755738017700442 · Cited by 2
NCAM1‐TTC12‐ANKK1‐DRD2 gene cluster and the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of adults with ADHD
Mota, N. R., Rovaris, D. L., Kappel, D. B., Picon, F. A., Vitola, E. S., Salgado, C. A. I., Karam, R. G., Rohde, L. A., Grevet, E. H., & Bau, C. H. D. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32317 · Cited by 25
“High heritability estimates (around 76–80%) have been indicated for ADHD, both in children [Faraone et al., 2005] and adults [Chang et al.”
BackgroundADHD Symptoms and Academic Adjustment to College
Jones, H. A., Rabinovitch, A. E., & Hubbard, R. R. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712473181 · Cited by 26
“…at increased risk for developing comorbid psychological disorders, most frequently oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD; Fischer, Barkley, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2002), as well as anxiety (Milich, Balentine, & Lynam, 2001; Tannock, 2000) and depression (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSong, J., Kim, S. W., Hong, H., Lee, M. G., Lee, B., Choi, T., Lee, S.-H., & Yook, K. (2014) · Clinical neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000045 · Cited by 25
“The heritability of ADHD was estimated to be approximately 76% in 20 twin studies.(9) These findings support genetic etiology in ADHD.”
BackgroundGenetic analysis of genes causing hypertension and stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Yamamoto, H., Okuzaki, D., Yamanishi, K., Xu, Y.-F., Watanabe, Y., Yoshida, M., Yamashita, A., Goto, N., Nishiguchi, S., Shimada, K., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2013.1304 · Cited by 25
“Since SHR and SHRSP are frequently used as animal models in studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we examined the correlation between SHR-and SHRSP-specific genes and the characteristic symptoms of ADHD (10,11).”
ADHD as a Serious Risk Factor for Early Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Adulthood
Matthies, S., Holzner, S., Feige, B., Scheel, C. N., Perlov, E., Ebert, D., van Elst, L. T., & Philipsen, A. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711428739 · Cited by 25
“The ADHD-smoking comorbidity is in part assumed to be the result of a “genetic linkage” because variants of genes involved in the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission and metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of both disorders (Faraone et al., 2005; Gerra et al., 2005; Hutchison, LaChance, Niaura, Bry…”
BackgroundTovo‐Rodrigues, L., Rohde, L. A., Roman, T., Schmitz, M. D., Polanczyk, G. V., Zeni, C., Marques, F. Z., Contini, V., Grevet, E. H., Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.12 · Cited by 25
The evidence-based pharmacological treatment of paediatric ADHD
Vaughan, B. S., March, J. S., & Kratochvil, C. J. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145711000095 · Cited by 25
“There is considerable evidence that the principal cause of ADHD is genetic, with an estimated heritability of 76% (Faraone et al. 2005).”
Reiner, I., & Spangler, G. (2010) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616731003759674 · Cited by 24
“In previous studies, the DRD4 Gene has been associated with Impulsivity, ADHD or schizophrenia (Faraone et al., 2005; Jonsson, Sedvall, Nothen, & Cichon, 2003). As Rutter (2006) pointed out, it is not permissible to 224 I.”
BackgroundGuimarães, A. P., Schmitz, M. D., Polanczyk, G. V., Zeni, C., Genro, J. P., Roman, T., Rohde, L. A., & Hutz, M. H. (2009) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0305-y · Cited by 25
“estimated average heritability of 76% (Faraone et al. 2005; Waldman and Gizer 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAn Overview on the Genetics of ADHD
Thapar, A. (2009) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2008.01088 · Cited by 30
“There have been numerous published studies from across the world showing that ADHD symptoms are highly heritable (Thapar et al, 2006; Faraone et al, 2005); that is most of the individual variation in ADHD scores is attributable to genetic influences.”
BackgroundInfluentialBiological Child Psychiatry: Recent Trends and Developments
Banaschewski, T., & Rohde, L. (2008) · doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-8055-8483-8 · Cited by 25
Nowak, P., Bortel, A., Dabrowska, J., Oświęcimska, J., Drosik, M., Kwieciński, A., Opara, J., Kostrzewa, R., & Brus, R. (2007) · Neurotoxicity research · doi:10.1007/bf03033391 · Cited by 25
“…of serotoninergic system abnormalities in ADHD have been confirmed by many behavioral, genetic, and molecular genetic studies (for review see Faraone et al., 2005); (e) finally, usefulness of several agents acting through the serotoninergic system and applied in ADHD treatment, lends…”
BackgroundInfluentialGomez-Sanchez, C. I., Carballo, J. J., Riveiro-Alvarez, R., Soto-Insuga, V., Rodrigo, M., Mahillo-Fernandez, I., Abad-Santos, F., Dal-Ré, R., & Ayuso, C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10912-y · Cited by 24
Smith, D. R., & Strupp, B. J. (2023) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-023-01345-9 · Cited by 28
The Heritability of ADHD in Children of ADHD Parents: A Post-hoc Analysis of Longitudinal Data
Uchida, M., DiSalvo, M., Walsh, D., & Biederman, J. (2022) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547221136251 · Cited by 29
Knott, R., Johnson, B. P., Tiego, J., Mellahn, O. J., Finlay, A., Kallady, K., Kouspos, M., Sindhu, V. P. M., Hawi, Z., Arnatkevičiūtė, A., et al. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00457-3 · Cited by 28
“Although ASD and ADHD are diagnosed according to a symptomatic and behavioural presentation and developmental history, both conditions have a strong genetic aetiology and are highly heritable with estimates of up to 85% for ASD [304] and 70–90% for ADHD [104, 172].”
BackgroundPineda-Cirera, L., Shivalikanjli, A., Cabana‐Domínguez, J., Demontis, D., Rajagopal, V. M., Børglum, A. D., Faraone, S. V., Cormand, B., & Fernàndez‐Castillo, N. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0574-7 · Cited by 35
Self-citationADHD research in India: A narrative review.
Kuppili, P. P., Manohar, H., Pattanayak, R., Sagar, R., Bharadwaj, B., & Kandasamy, P. (2017) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.07.022 · Cited by 24
Russell, A. E., Moore, D. A., & Ford, T. J. (2016) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2016.1139297 · Cited by 31
A Perspective on the Role of microRNA-128 Regulation in Mental and Behavioral Disorders
Ching, A.-S., & Ahmad-Annuar, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00465 · Cited by 24
Russell, M. A., Wang, L., & Odgers, C. L. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415001182 · Cited by 25
“…al., 1996; Ebstein et al., 1996; Laucht, Becker, El-Faddagh, Hohm, & Schmidt, 2005), delinquency and anger (Dmitrieva, Chen, Greenberger, Ogunseitan, & Ding, 2011), poor inhibitory control (Congdon, Lesch, & Canli, 2008), and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Faraone et al., 2005).”
Copy number variants in attention-deficit hyperactive disorder
Valbonesi, S., Magri, C., Traversa, M., Faraone, S. V., Cattaneo, A., Milanesi, E., Valenti, V., Gennarelli, M., & Scassellati, C. (2014) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000056 · Cited by 26
“The heritability has been estimated to be 76% (Faraone and Mick, 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPazvantoğlu, O., Gunes, S. O., Karabekiroğlu, K., Yeğin, Z., Erenkuş, Z., Akbaş, S., Sarísoy, G., Korkmaz, I. Z., Böke, Ö., Bağcı, H., et al. (2013) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.004 · Cited by 25
Using Neurotechnologies to Develop Virtues: A Buddhist Approach to Cognitive Enhancement
Hughes, J. J. (2013) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2013.749744 · Cited by 31
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug companies and the internet
Mitchell, J., & Read, J. (2012) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104510396432 · Cited by 24
“Reviews of candidate gene studies have found significant odds ratios for several genes, yet contradictory findings have been found for many of these genes and “The few genome wide scans conducted thus far are not conclusive” (Faraone et al., 2005, p. 1313).”
BackgroundSánchez‐Mora, C., Richarte, V., Garcia‐Martínez, I., Pagerols, M., Corrales, M., Bosch, R., Vidal, R., Viladevall, L., Casas, M., Cormand, B., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32340 · Cited by 23
“…recent longitudinal follow-up studies have shown that at least 60% of patients diagnosed during childhood continue to suffer ADHD thereafter, with an estimated prevalence in adulthood in the range of 2.5–4.9% [Kessler et al., 2005; Brookes et al., 2006a; Simon et al., 2009; Faraone and Mick, 2010].”
BackgroundInfluentialAlbrecht, B., Brandeis, D., Uebel, H., Heinrich, H., Heise, A., Hasselhorn, M., Rothenberger, A., & Banaschewski, T. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.018 · Cited by 23
“Increased prevalence of ADHD among family members of ADHD patients and high heritability rates are frequently reported (Faraone et al., 2005), but developmental pathways to the phenotype, influenced by environmental and genetic factors are not well understood (Banaschewski et al., 2005).”
BackgroundAgostini, S., Mancuso, R., Costa, A. S., Guerini, F. R., Trecate, F., Miglioli, R., Menna, E., Arosio, B., Clerici, M., & the SA. M. B. A. project (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02989-x · Cited by 22
Efficacy and Safety of Dasotraline in Children With ADHD: A Laboratory Classroom Study
Wigal, S. B., Hopkins, S. C., Koblan, K. S., Childress, A. C., KENT, J. M., Tsai, J., Hsu, J., Loebel, A. D., & GOLDMAN, R. S. (2019) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054719864644 · Cited by 26
“Monoaminergic receptor systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD (Bralten et al., 2013; Faraone & Mick, 2010; Gizer, Ficks, & Waldman, 2009; Sharma & Couture, 2014), and drugs that enhance dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmission have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of…”
BackgroundCaffeine consumption during pregnancy and ADHD at the age of 11 years: a birth cohort study
Del-Ponte, B., Santos, I., Tovo-Rodrigues, L., Anselmi, L., Munhoz, T. N., & Matijasevich, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012749 · Cited by 23
“ADHD is a multifactorial disease with complex aetiology and a large genetic component (heritability estimated as 76%).(4) Epidemiological studies have shown higher prevalence among boys and among children belonging to families with worse socioeconomic conditions.”
BackgroundHohmann, S., Hohm, E., Treutlein, J., Blomeyer, D., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Schmidt, M. H., Esser, G., Banaschewski, T., Brandeis, D., & Laucht, M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.029 · Cited by 28
“Intensive research on its molecular genetic basis has indicated that ADHD is caused by multiple genes, each having small effects (Banaschewski et al., 2010; Faraone and Mick, 2010).”
BackgroundConnor, D., Arnsten, A., Pearson, G., & Greco, G. F. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.930437 · Cited by 23
“Indeed, 76% of the variance is due to genetic factors [17].”
BackgroundBaca, M., Allan, A. M., Partridge, L., & Wilson, M. C. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.012 · Cited by 22
Childhood obesity and parental smoking as risk factors for childhood ADHD in Liverpool children
Koshy, G., Delpisheh, A., & Brabin, B. (2011) · Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0041-z · Cited by 23
Shang, C., & Gau, S. S. (2013) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145713000783 · Cited by 28
“Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder with compelling evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission systems (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundBrain processes in discounting: consequences of adolescent methylphenidate exposure.
Adriani, W., Zoratto, F., & Laviola, G. (2012) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_156 · Cited by 23
“These are primarily related to dopamine and serotonin receptor subpopulations and transporters (Grady et al. 2003; Acosta et al. 2004; Bobb et al. 2005a; Faraone et al. 2005).”
BackgroundLenze, E. J., Dixon, D., Nowotny, P., Lotrich, F. E., Doré, P. M., Pollock, B. G., Hinrichs, A. L., & Butters, M. A. (2013) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000351 · Cited by 23
Smith, A. K., Stasi, S. M., Rhee, S. H., Corley, R. P., Young, S. E., & Hewitt, J. K. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00003 · Cited by 22
“A review of 20 twin studies of ADHD reported a mean heritability estimate of 76% and little evidence of shared environmental influences on ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, Y., Hu, D., Chen, W., Xue, H.-L., & Du, Y.-K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40850-w · Cited by 22
Peña, I. J. D., Botanas, C. J., de la Peña, J. B., Custodio, R. J. P., Peña, I. D., Ryoo, Z. Y., Kim, B.-N., Ryu, J. H., Kim, H. J., & Cheong, J. H. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.012 · Cited by 27
“While the exact cause of ADHD is unknown, substantial evidence suggests that this disorder has a significant genetic component (Faraone and Mick, 2010; Gallo and Posner, 2016).”
Treble‐Barna, A., Wade, S. L., Martin, L. J., Pilipenko, V. V., Yeates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., & Kurowski, B. G. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4840 · Cited by 25
Bruxel, E. M., Akutagava‐Martins, G. C., Salatino‐Oliveira, A., Genro, J. P., Zeni, C., Polanczyk, G. V., Chazan, R., Schmitz, M. D., Rohde, L. A., & Hutz, M. H. (2016) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32489 · Cited by 23
“ADHD is one of the disorders with the strongest genetic component in psychiatry with an estimated heritability of 76% [Faraone et al., 2005].”
BackgroundHahn, M. K., Steele, A., Couch, R. S., Stein, M. A., & Krueger, J. J. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.08.002 · Cited by 24
“…in attention and motor control has focused studies on genes within dopaminergic and, to a lesser extent, noradrenergic systems, including receptors, enzymes involved in synthesis, inactivation and degradation, and regulators of vesicular release (Faraone et al., 2005; Waldman and Gizer, 2006).”
Sonuga-Barke, E., Brookes, K., Buitelaar, J., Anney, R., Bitsakou, P., Baeyens, D., Buschgens, C., Chen, W., Christiansen, H., Eisenberg, J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30596 · Cited by 22
“In this regard the replicated but small association between ADHD and functional variants in a number of genes related to dopamine neurotransmission [Faraone et al., 2005] has focused attention on the endophenotypic pathways between these genes and the clinical condition [Bellgrove et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Faraone, S. V., & Mick, E.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faraone, Stephen V.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-180
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847260
- OpenAlex
- W2168200222
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066877, R13MH059126)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, genetic etiology, heritability, genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide association study, candidate genes, DBH, monoamine oxidase A, norepinephrine transporter, serotonin transporter, CHRNA4, GRIN2A, DRD4, DRD5, dopamine transporter, SNAP-25, 5-HT1B receptor, dopamine, monoamine transporters, neurotransmitter systems
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Molecular Biology, Twins, Gene Expression, Prevalence, Genome-Wide Association Study
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