The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 15 of the 54 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Anxiety and Depression
Open accessAbstract
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a modern form of cognitive behavioral therapy based on a distinct philosophy and basic science of cognition. This article reviews the core features of ACT's theoretic model of psychopathology and treatment and its therapeutic approach. It provides a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ACT for depression and anxiety disorders. Summarizing 36 RCTs, ACT appears to be more efficacious than waitlist conditions and treatment-as-usual, with largely equivalent effects relative to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Evidence indicates that ACT treatment outcomes are mediated through increases in psychological flexibility, its theorized process of change. © 2017
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review outlines acceptance and commitment therapy’s theoretical foundations and systematically examines randomized trials for anxiety and depression. Across 36 trials, ACT generally outperformed waitlist and treatment-as-usual conditions and was largely comparable to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy, with psychological flexibility often acting as a mediator.
Key findings
- Across 36 randomized controlled trials, ACT was more effective than waitlist and treatment-as-usual for anxiety and depression, and largely equivalent to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy.
- For depression, all 7 waitlist comparisons favored ACT up to 6-month follow-up (Cohen’s d = .32–1.18); 4 of 5 treatment-as-usual comparisons favored ACT up to 18 months (d = .38–1.45); among 5 CT/CBT comparisons, 4 of 5 found equivalent post-treatment effects, with mixed follow-up results.
- Anxiety findings included panic disorder (between-group d = .72 for panic, d = .89 for general functioning; 70% response at post-treatment and 80% at 6-month follow-up), GAD (ABBT vs waitlist d = 1.02; 76% vs 16% no longer meeting GAD criteria at post), and mixed anxiety, social anxiety, OCD, and health anxiety trials showing generally positive outcomes.
- Process analyses in several trials indicated that increases in psychological flexibility mediated ACT outcomes; for depression, 12 of 17 trials examined processes, and formal mediation supported psychological flexibility in three waitlist comparisons and cognitive defusion in one ACT-vs-CT comparison.
Methods
- Narrative/systematic review of published randomized controlled trials of ACT for anxiety disorders and depression, alongside a conceptual review of contextual behavioral science, functional contextualism, relational frame theory, and the psychological flexibility model.
- The abstract reports 36 RCTs total; tables organize trials by anxiety disorder and depression, including comparison conditions such as waitlist, treatment-as-usual, minimal/placebo conditions, and CT/CBT, as well as individual, group, self-help, online, and workshop formats.
- Main analysis is qualitative synthesis of between-group effect sizes, response and recovery rates, quality-of-life outcomes, and mediation/process findings; no pooled meta-analytic effect estimate is reported.
Limitations
- The paper states that many trials have small samples, that research is limited for panic disorder, health anxiety, and specific phobias, and that it remains unclear which clients benefit more from ACT versus traditional CBT or how to match treatments.
- The paper states that ACT’s comparison with CBT for depression is unclear because of the number of trials and small samples, and that follow-up findings are mixed; it also notes inconsistent differential effects on psychological inflexibility relative to CT/CBT.
- Evident from the text: this is a narrative review rather than a meta-analysis, effect sizes are not pooled, included studies vary in protocols, comparators, and outcome measures, and five depression RCTs were excluded because they were not available in English, which may limit generalizability.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
15 of 54 cited sources checked · 9 supported · 1 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“71 and 77% recovered from depression in ACT at 3 month follow up after a one day workshop.68”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [68] Gaudiano, 2015, Acceptance-based behavior therapy for depression with psychosis: results from a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial, J Psychiatr Pract sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Method section (page unavailable) describes a 16-session treatment over four months, not a one-day workshop. The Results report reliable improvement in depressive symptoms for 50% of ADAPT participants at posttreatment, not 71%–77% recovery at three months; the Discussion says the three-month sample was too small for definitive conclusions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Disputed
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This is sometimes referred to as a “decoupling” effect 10 in that ACT alters the context of relating to internal experiences such that they have less influence on behavior (e.g., self-critical thoughts are noticed as just thoughts, while one chooses to engage in social activities).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] Levin, 2015, Decoupling as a mechanism of change in mindfulness and acceptance: a literature review, Behav Modif source
The paper includes ACT among the mindfulness and acceptance therapies it discusses. In Theoretical implications (page unavailable), it says these therapies alter the context in which internal experiences occur so that thoughts noticed as thoughts need not lead to avoidance; its definition of decoupling describes the resulting change in the relation between internal experience and behavior. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Additionally, a web-based intervention for college students with mixed issues also showed that ACT successfully reduced anxiety.23”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Mixed Anxiety
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [23] Levin, 2017, Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college students: a randomized controlled trial, Behav Modif source
The Discussion reports that the web-based ACT program improved general and social anxiety relative to a waitlist among college students. The ACT Self-Help Website section describes it as transdiagnostic, addressing a range of problems rather than one disorder. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“in a large well-controlled RCT, 20”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Mixed Anxiety
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [20] Arch, 2012, Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders, J Consult Clin Psychol sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Participants and Design; page unavailable) describe a randomized ACT-versus-CBT trial with 128 treatment starters, and the Discussion (Summary and conclusion; page unavailable) calls ACT a viable treatment for anxiety disorders. The trial enrolled people with anxiety disorders, not a mixed anxiety-and-depression sample; the Discussion (Secondary outcomes) reports reductions in co-occurring mood disorders but does not establish ACT’s utility for depression as a primary condition. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Laboratory-based research has modeled this, demonstrating for example that the tendency to relate to anxiety as bad predicts avoidance behavior 12”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [12] Levin, 2017, Examining the role of implicit emotional judgments in social anxiety and experiential avoidance, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Do implicit emotional judgments interact with increases in heart rate?” (page unavailable), an “anxiety is bad” bias predicted shorter speech time—a measure of avoidance—only when heart rate increased during the speech. The “public speaking outcomes” results found no direct association between that bias and speech time or willingness to give another speech. The citing sentence omits this condition and presents the relationship as a general prediction. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“ACT is now generally considered part of a new generation of CBT approaches focused on process-based treatments.81,82”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [80] Hofmann, 2008, Acceptance and commitment therapy: new wave or morita therapy?, Clin Psychol Sci Pract source
- Supportedcites [81] Hayes, 2017, The third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy and the rise of process-based care, World Psychiatry source
The paper’s Abstract names acceptance and commitment therapy among the approaches of the third wave of CBT. It also says the third wave is more focused on evidence-based processes linked to procedures, supporting the claim’s process-based characterization. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not matchedcites [82] Hayes, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Large effect sizes were also seen for psychological flexibility.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Panic Disorder
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] Gloster, 2015, Treating treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia using psychotherapy: a randomized controlled switching trial, Psychother Psychosom source
The Discussion reports that ACT process measures were consistently in the range of large effects. It identifies improvements in acceptance and defusion, constructs relevant to psychological flexibility. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 43Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The Craske et al 44 study was quite large (N=87) and showed that lower psychological flexibility at pre was associated with greater improvement at 12 month follow-up in CBT over ACT;”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Social Anxiety Disorder
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [44] Craske, 2014, Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: outcomes and moderators, J Consult Clin Psychol source
The Abstract (Method) identifies the study as a social-phobia randomized trial with N=87. The Abstract (Results) reports that lower baseline psychological flexibility was associated with greater improvement by 12-month follow-up in CBT compared with ACT. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study so small (N=11) that randomization could not be used showed equivalent results for group ACT and group CBT.36”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Social Anxiety Disorder
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [36] Block, 2000, Acceptance or change: Treating socially anxious college students with ACT or CBGT, Behav Analyst Today sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Procedure reports 11 participants across the three conditions and says assignment was semi-random because of scheduling constraints, not because the study was too small. The Results and Discussion report improvement in both active-treatment groups, but say it was premature to judge their differential effectiveness; they do not establish equivalent results. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 11Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Finally, response rates for the ACT condition were 70% at posttreatment and 80% at 6 month follow-up for panic disorder symptoms.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Panic Disorder
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] Gloster, 2015, Treating treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia using psychotherapy: a randomized controlled switching trial, Psychother Psychosom source
The Response Rates section reports 70% response for panic disorder/agoraphobia symptoms at post-treatment and 80% at six-month follow-up. The paper identifies ACT as the treatment studied. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 43Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“A full RCT (ACT vs waitlist) was conducted with 43 adults who were nonresponders to previous treatments for panic disorder.35 The between group effect size was d=.72 for panic and d=.89 for general functioning.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Panic Disorder
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] Gloster, 2015, Treating treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia using psychotherapy: a randomized controlled switching trial, Psychother Psychosom source
The Sample Characteristics and Randomization Check section reports 43 patients with panic disorder/agoraphobia, and the Randomization section describes allocation to immediate treatment or a waiting list. The Treatment Efficacy section reports between-group effects of d = 0.72 for panic/agoraphobic symptoms and d = 0.89 for general functioning. The Discussion identifies the participants as treatment-resistant patients who had not responded to first-line treatments. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“ACT has also been evaluated in 6 RCTs in a group format, one of which used a single day workshop format.68”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [68] Gaudiano, 2015, Acceptance-based behavior therapy for depression with psychosis: results from a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial, J Psychiatr Pract sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes this paper’s pilot randomized trial of ADAPT and mentions another ACT-based pilot trial, but it does not count six group-format RCTs. The Methods describe a 16-session protocol, not a single-day workshop. Searches for group trials and a workshop found no passage supporting the cited claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
In the paper
“such as research suggesting that the use of hierarchical frames (that one contains these experiences as part of an observing self) may enhance the impact of ACT exercises focused on practicing psychological flexibility with cognitions.14”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Foody, 2015, An empirical investigation of the role of self, hierarchy, and distinction in a common act exercise, Psychol Rec source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Summarizing across a total of 36 RCTs, ACT appears to be more efficacious than waitlist conditions and treatment-as-usual, with largely equivalent effects relative to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ACT delivered online also outperformed an active comparison condition of expressive writing at post, though both conditions had equivalent positive effects at depression at follow-up (Pots).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Pots
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Participants receiving an online program actually demonstrated stronger improvements at 6-month follow up on depressive symptoms (g = .76)and life satisfaction (g = .75)relative to face-to-face ACT.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [76] Lappalainen, 2014, ACT Internet-based vs face-to-face? A randomized controlled trial of two ways to deliver Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depressive symptoms: an 18-month follow-up, Behaviour Research and Therapy source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results were more mixed at follow up, with one studying finding ACT and CBT were equivalent on depression at 6-month follow up, one study finding CT outperformed ACT on depression at 18-month follow up, and two studies finding ACT outperformed CT on depression at 2-month follow up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Several RCTs have been conducted comparing ACT to various control conditions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two other RCTs compared ACT to minimally active comparison conditions (expressive writing and minimal support group) on depression.Both studies found ACT outperformed comparison conditions on depression at post, but were equivalent at follow up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Several RCTs have been conducted comparing ACT to various control conditions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five RCTs compared ACT to TAU on depression, with 4 out of 5 studies showing ACT improves depression more than TAU up to 18-month follow up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Several RCTs have been conducted comparing ACT to various control conditions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ACT has been adopted internationally, which is demonstrated by the range of countries that have published RCTs on ACT for depression (even when this review was restricted to English-language publications).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Sample Types
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and relative to placebo conditions (expressive writing d = .43,minimal support group d = .77).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Processes of Change
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, five RCTs compared ACT to CT or CBT on depression.At post, 4 out of 5 studies found ACT and CT/CBT were equivalent in improving depression, with the remaining study finding ACT led to greater improvements than CT.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Several RCTs have been conducted comparing ACT to various control conditions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Another RCT 72 found equivalent effects for ACT relative to TAU among individuals with comorbid alcohol and depressive disorders, although it is worth noting that the ACT condition led to less required treatment prior to discharge from the inpatient unit (i.e., greater treatment efficiency).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Sample Types
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ACT improved quality of life relative to waitlist in four out of five trials with Cohen's d effect sizes ranging between .39 and 1.03, up to 3-month follow up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Outcomes with Positive Mental Health and Quality of Life
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“RCTs indicate that ACT leads to greater improvements in depression relative to comparison conditions for depressed individuals with comorbid migraines, 68 with comorbid psychosis, 69 caregivers of family members with dementia, 70 and individuals on long-term sick leave.71”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Sample Types
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Additional open trials have found ACT to produce improvements over time with depression in unique/complex samples including comorbid depression and social anxiety disorder, 73 comorbid depression and obesity, 74 and depressed veterans in the US (Walser et al., 2013).75”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Sample Types
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among studies reporting rates, ACT response rates ranged from 50% to 58% with depression recovery rates ranging from 24% to 82%.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These studies similarly found ACT outperforms waitlist and TAU, with equivalent or greater outcomes relative to CT.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four RCTs evaluated ACT in a self-help format for depression, with three using an online delivery format and one testing a self-help book with email support.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven RCTs compared ACT to waitlist conditions on depression, with every study showing that ACT improves depression relative to no treatment up to 6-month follow up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Several RCTs have been conducted comparing ACT to various control conditions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, only two of four RCTs found that ACT improved psychological flexibility relative to CT/CBT, with the other two studies finding equal improvements between conditions.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Processes of Change
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Response rates from ACT varied between 25% and 54%, with one study finding that 50% recovered from depression following an ACT self-help program (Lappalainen).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lappalainen
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The work in panic disorder and health anxiety is in its infancy; there has been very little with specific phobias.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These studies almost exclusively compared ACT to waitlist, finding that ACT produces significant improvements in depression relative to no treatment at post and up to 6-month follow up with effect sizes ranging between Cohen's d of .32 and .98.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These studies found ACT outperforms waitlist, TAU, and a minimal support group, with largely equivalent effects relative to CT/CBT.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Functional contextualism is a pragmatic world view in that it defines truth with regards to success in achieving stated goals, which in the case of functional contextualism are prediction and influence of behavior.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Hayes, 1988, Finding the philosophical core: a review of Stephen C. Pepper's World Hypotheses: a study in evidence, J Exp Anal Behav source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“RFT focuses on the role of a specific type of behavior, arbitrarily applicable derived relational responding, as a central component of language and cognition.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3] Hayes, 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Zettle, 2016 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, humans also have the unique capacity to derive relations beyond direct learning history (e.g., learning a nickel is smaller than a dime and a dime is smaller than a quarter, and deriving a quarter is greater than a nickel).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The unit of analysis in functional contextualism is the organism interacting in and with a context (defined currently and historically).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Hayes, 1988, Finding the philosophical core: a review of Stephen C. Pepper's World Hypotheses: a study in evidence, J Exp Anal Behav source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Hayes, 2012, Contextual behavioral science: creating a science more adequate to the challenge of the human condition, J Contextual Behav Sci source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 1 is part of a larger research approach called Contextual Behavioral Sciences (CBS).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Hayes, 2012 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This last example highlights another key property of relational behavior, which is that they can transform the functions of stimuli.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a modern form of cognitive behavioral therapy based on a distinct philosophy (functional contextualism) and basic science of cognition (relational frame theory).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3] Hayes, 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Zettle, 2016 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Hayes, 1988, Finding the philosophical core: a review of Stephen C. Pepper's World Hypotheses: a study in evidence, J Exp Anal Behav source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Hayes, 2012, Contextual behavioral science: creating a science more adequate to the challenge of the human condition, J Contextual Behav Sci source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Furthermore, derived relational responding can be applied arbitrarily, meaning social cues (instead of just physical properties of stimuli) can inform us of how to relationally respond to stimuli.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11] De Houwer, 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“RFT suggests that the literal context of thoughts might be altered such that these relations do not have the same functions (cognitive defusion).”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Relational Frame Theory.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A significant decrease in panic disorder was seen after the first 4 sessions, with additional significant gains found in the following 6 sessions.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Panic Disorder
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [34] Meuret, 2012, Brief acceptance and commitment therapy and exposure for panic disorder: a pilot study, Cogn Behav Pract source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these results indicate that ACT improves quality of life in addition to symptom severity among depressed samples”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Outcomes with Positive Mental Health and Quality of Life
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is less clear how ACT compares to CBT due to the number of trials and tendency for small sample sizes in existing studies, but results suggest it is likely at least equally effective for depression, with some questions raised regarding which treatment may be more effective at follow up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Several RCTs have been conducted comparing ACT to various control conditions
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moderation effects for that same trial were also found in that CBT performed better for those with moderate levels of pretreatment anxiety sensitivity, and ACT performed better for those with comorbid disorders.25”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Mixed Anxiety
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] Wolitzky-Taylor, 2012, Moderators and non-specific predictors of treatment outcome for anxiety disorders: a comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy to acceptance and commitment therapy, J Consult Clin Psychol source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these results at least suggest that ACT can be delivered in an online format with similar impact on depression.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, ACT's evidence base for depressive and anxiety disorders continues to grow, indicating this unique, modern CBT is a promising treatment approach warranting dissemination and further study.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: ACT is a unified treatment protocol.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These include formats that are especially promising for increasing the reach of services in cost effective formats such as one-day workshops, self-help books, and websites.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depression RCT Treatment Formats
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there is also a large amount of research indicating ACT is effective for depression, and potentially as effective as traditional CBT.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Depression was one of the first clinical problems evaluated with ACT 62 and one of the most studied problems since, with 17 RCTs published over the past three decades.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Depressive Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] Dabbaghi, 2016, Effectiveness of group training of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression symptoms in soldiers, EBNESINA
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the second study, 16 students were assigned to CT or AABT for test anxiety.61 There were surprising results in that those in the AABT condition did markedly better on exams and those in the CT condition did worse.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Health Anxiety and Specific Phobia
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [61] Zettle, 1987, Component and process analysis of cognitive therapy, Psychol Rep source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In their first work, Roemer and Orsillo 26 tested AABT in an open trial with 16 adults diagnosed with GAD.Results were promising with large effect sizes at post and follow-up with 75% responders at post and 50% at follow-up.”
§ Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review > Generalized Anxiety Disorder
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] Roemer, 2007, An open trial of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder, Behav Ther source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 16Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Psychological inflexibility is a core concern in mixed anxiety disorders.
“ACT has always been a unified treatment protocol for issues where psychological inflexibility is a core concern.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most primary outcome measures used in ACT treatment outcome work mix changes to internal events and overt actions.
“However, most primary outcome measures used in treatment outcome work have a mix of changes to internal events and overt actions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The six processes of change in ACT all work together.
“Psychological flexibility is made up of six processes of change that all work together.”
The paper relies on this without support.
ACT is a unified treatment protocol.
“As ACT is a unified treatment protocol and there is a growing number of trials testing ACT across anxiety and depression issues.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“So far, PB-CBT proved to be efficacious for alleviating anxiety and depression levels among both the general and chronic pain population, with very good acceptability [38,39,40].”
From A Single-Session Process-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Combined with Multimodal Rehabilitation Treatment for Chronic Pain Associated with Emotional Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [38]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Corresponding to the underlying theory, mediation analyses report increasing psychological flexibility as a mediator or process variable of ACT treatment effects, such as increases in quality of life and decreases in symptoms (20–22).”
From Increasing psychological flexibility is associated with positive therapy outcomes following a transdiagnostic ACT treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In agreementwithourfindings, theliterature revealed promising outcomes about the use of group ACT to manage mood disorders, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, and type of disease (40, 41).”
From The Effect of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Management of Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ACT-based interventions have been proven effective with regard to abroad range of health and psychological problems (Kishita et al . 2017; Twohig and Levin 2017; Brown et al . 2016; Lee and Song 2018; Hayes et al . 2006; Bai et al . 2020).”
From Effectiveness of a training programme based on acceptance and commitment therapy aimed at older adults – no moderating role of cognitive functioning (2021) · cites this paper as Twohig and Levin 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“-A review of thirty-six RCTs of anxiety and depression treatments: ACT appears to be more effective than waitlist and treatment as usual with effects relatively equivalent to CBT (Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Twohig & Levin, 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“reductions in anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress in both clinical and non-clinical populations”
From Examining domains of psychological flexibility and inflexibility as treatment mechanisms in acceptance and commitment therapy: A comprehensive systematic and meta-analytic review (2024) · cites this paper as Twohig & Levin, 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“ACT is rooted in functional contextualism and (Hayes et al., 2011) incorporates mindfulness and acceptance-based processes along with commitment and behavior change processes to support adaptive coping with life’s realities (Hayes et al., 2012; Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based ACT intervention for caregivers (TACTICs) of adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): a randomized pilot during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2025) · cites this paper as Twohig & Levin, 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Empirical evidence for ACT’s transdiagnostic efficacy for conditions including depression, anxiety (Twohig and Levin, 2017), and PTSD (Pohar and Argáez, 2017), has grown exponentially over recent years, with over 1,000 randomized controlled trials published to date (Hayes, 2023).”
From Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of compassion-focused acceptance and commitment therapy delivered via telehealth in a community behavioral health clinic (2025) · cites this paper as Twohig and Levin, 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is promising evidence regarding the applicability of ACT to understand and intervene in internalizing disorders (Landy et al., 2015; Twohig & Levin, 2017), including adult (e.g., Caletti et al., 2022) and adolescent SAD (Oyetunde & Ajibola, 2019).”
From Psychological inflexibility explains social anxiety over time: a mediation analyses with a clinical adolescent sample (2024) · cites this paper as Twohig & Levin, 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“ACT is considered effective in alleviating these symptoms [30].”
From Psychometric Properties of the Japanese Version of the Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in Parents with Infants and Toddlers (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“ACT interventions have been effective in reducing psychopathology and in increasing psychological flexibility (Twohig & Levin, 2017), particularly in adolescents (e.g., Livheim et al., 2015).”
From THE EFFICACY OF A COMPASSION, ACCEPTANCE AND MINDFULNESS-BASED PILOT INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS’ TEST ANXIETY: A CASE STUDY USING THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM (2023) · cites this paper as Twohig & Levin, 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“which incorporates both mindfulness and acceptance strategies to promote psychological well-being and is an empirically-supported treatment for depression and anxiety [48].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Through randomized controlled studies, there is empirical evidence of ACT on anxiety disorder and depressive disorder [22].”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Destructive Experiential Avoidance (ACT-DEA): A Feasibility Study (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“ACT has shown small to medium effect sizes on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients [10], as well as in the treatment of anxiety [11,12,13] and depression [12,13,14].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“ACT has a growing evidence base for a range of conditions and populations,20–23 including parenting.24–27”
From Early Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ‘Early PACT’ for parents of infants with cerebral palsy: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These results support the underlying premise of ACT (Hayes, 2019), and are consistent with previous research (Stockton et al., 2019; Twohig and Levin, 2017).”
From Process of change and efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2025) · cites this paper as Twohig and Levin, 2017
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“An 8-week ACT therapy course decreased stress and other psychological health indices in people with IBD in a randomized controlled experiment.”
From The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Nursing of Acute Cerebral Infarction with Insomnia, Anxiety, and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Evidence suggests that people with chronic pain syndromes are four times more likely to be at risk of developing PTSD and report more functional impact than those without a chronic pain condition.49”
From Psychological interventions for women with persistent pelvic pain: A survey of mental health clinicians (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The same trial has two sample sizes
MinorThe anxiety and depression tables describe the Forman et al. (2007) ACT comparison with different sample sizes: 101 and 132 participants.
“Forman et al (2007) | N=101 students seeking service | ACT = CBT for anxiety and |”
“Forman et al., 2007 (2012) N = 132 US college students seeking therapy with depression and/or anxiety, Individual ACT vs. CT”
A CBT comparison is cited as a waitlist trial
MinorThe social anxiety summary places reference 44 among waitlist comparisons, but reference 44 describes a trial comparing CBT with ACT.
“Three of these were compared to waitlists, [43][44][45]”
“44. Craske MG, Niles AN, Burklund LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: outcomes and moderators.”
Citations
Cites
Relational frame theory: a post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition
Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & Roche, B. T. (2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2482 · Cited by 1,975
Hayes, S. C., Levin, M. E., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J. L., & Pistorello, J. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002 · Cited by 1,120 · cited 1×
“Clarifying philosophical assumptions is critical for ensuring the coherence and effectiveness of a program of research(6), as well as understanding differences between therapeutic approaches.(7) ACT as a part of CBS adopts the core assumptions of”
BackgroundSelf-citationForman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445507302202 · Cited by 687 · cited 3×
“PF mediated ACT vs. WL treatment effects but not ACT vs. EW (Pots et al., 2016b) CT/CBT Comparison Conditions Forman et al., 2007 (2012) N = 132 US college students seeking therapy with depression and/or anxiety, Individual ACT vs. CT CT = ACT at post on depression, CT > ACT at 18 month FU (f = .21) with 82% recovered…”
BackgroundMethodThe third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy and the rise of process-based care
Hayes, S. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20442 · Cited by 613
Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012720 · Cited by 554
(2010) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 542
Levin, M. E., Hildebrandt, M. J., Lillis, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.05.003 · Cited by 471
Self-citationArch, J. J., Eifert, G. H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Rose, R. D., & Craske, M. G. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028310 · Cited by 443
Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020508 · Cited by 434 · cited 3×
“Yadegari et al. (2014) N=16, 18-20 YO; ACT vs WL ACT > WL; SPAI: ACT 134 pre, 57 post; WL 148 pre 149 post Craske et al. (2014) N=87; ACT vs CBT vs WL, Assessments at pre, post, 6 mo, and 12 mo ACT = CBT, both > WL; response rates post 52% CBT, 41% ACT, 6 mo FU 57% CBT 53% ACT, 12 mo FU 40% CBT, 41% ACT Obsessive-Comp…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHayes, S. C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.09.004 · Cited by 409 · cited 1×
“functional contextualism, which are generally consistent with common assumptions in behavior analysis.(8,9) Functional contextualism is a pragmatic world view in that it defines truth with regards to success in achieving stated goals, which in the case of functional contextualism are prediction and influence of behavi…”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
8 of the 101 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Baghooli, 2014, Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in reduction of severity symptoms of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder, Adv Environ Biol, 8, 2519
- Vakili, 2014, The comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 16, 10
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 273
Associations Between School-Based Substance Use Treatment and Academic Outcomes
Lintz, M. J., Sutton, B., & Thurstone, C. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0178 · Cited by 9
“Randomized controlled trials support ACT as an evidence-based intervention for anxiety, depression, and substance use (Swain et al. 2013; Ost 2014; Lee et al. 2015; Hacker et al. 2016; Twohig and Levin 2017).”
Nagatsu, T. (2020) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-019-02111-y · Cited by 8
A concept analysis on academic psychological distress: implications for clinical practice
Scandurra, C., Pizzo, R., & Freda, M. F. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06802-y · Cited by 9
“Recently, she has seriously considered dropping out of university.”
Awareness of and attitudes toward CBT, DBT, and ACT in an acute psychiatric sample
Kuckertz, J. M., Silverman, A. L., Bullis, J. R., Björgvinsson, Þ., & Beard, C. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22908 · Cited by 10
Nejat, H., Ziaee, A., Amarghan, H. A., & Fariborzi, E. (2022) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/11548 · Cited by 9
Cognitive flexibility in critical CHD: a target for intervention
Cassidy, A. R. (2020) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951120001870 · Cited by 13
Kvale, G., Wilhelmsen‐Langeland, A., Jürgensen, M., Hystad, S. W., Öst, L., Søfteland, E. W., & Børtveit, T. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04229-y · Cited by 8
“The intervention explicitly targets a change in symptom regulation, and of how to deal with worry and rumination based on a pragmatic selection of elements from a number of treatment approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) the metacognitive model [11–13]; behavior activation [14] and Acceptance and commi…”
BackgroundMiller‐Mendes, M., Castilho, P., Clara, M. I., Clemente, V., & Gomes, A. A. (2023) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2023.101013 · Cited by 11
Haddadi, A., Yazdi‐Ravandi, S., Moradi, A., & Hajaghaie, E. (2023) · Journal of Research and Health · doi:10.32598/jrh.13.3.1751.1 · Cited by 8
The development and preliminary psychometric properties of the Values Wheel
O’Connor, M., Tennyson, A., Timmons, M., & McHugh, L. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.01.005 · Cited by 8
Terhorst, Y., Baumeister, H., McCracken, L. M., & Lin, J. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01497-8 · Cited by 9
Selinheimo, S., Vuokko, A., Lappalainen, P., Keinonen, K., Sainio, M., Lappalainen, R., & Paunio, T. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02549-8 · Cited by 8
“Conversely, targeting these behavioral patterns has become a promising strategy for improving psychological health [34, 35].”
Cojocaru, C.-M., Popa, C. O., Schenk, A., Jakab, Z., Suciu, B. A., Olah, P., Popoviciu, H., & Szasz, S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14040327 · Cited by 7
“So far, PB-CBT proved to be efficacious for alleviating anxiety and depression levels among both the general and chronic pain population, with very good acceptability [38–40].”
BackgroundApolinário-Hagen, J., Drüge, M., Guthardt, L., & Haller, E. (2024) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_12 · Cited by 6
Jalali Azar, R., Ebrahimi, M. I., Haddadi, A., & Yazdi-Ravandi, S. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05501-4 · Cited by 7
“Two questions are related to the deterrents for suicide or concealment of Treatment protocol: Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed according to the treatment protocol of Twohig et al. (Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
Fogelkvist, M., Parling, T., Kjellin, L., & Gustafsson, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.04.006 · Cited by 7
Escamilla-Orozco, R. I., González-Trujano, M. E., Mariscal, J. M. G., Torres-Valencia, J. M., Guzmán-González, H., Vega, J. L., & Loizaga-Velder, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2023.2246459 · Cited by 7
“These include antidepressant treatment with escitalopram 10 mg/day accompanied by six weekly sessions of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, acceptance, and commitment therapy (ACT) (Bai et al. 2020; Twohig and Levin 2017).”
MethodMoitra, E., Stein, M. D., Busch, A. M., Pinkston, M. M., Abrantes, A. M., Baker, J. V., Weisberg, R. B., Anderson, B. J., & Uebelacker, L. A. (2021) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2021.1981819 · Cited by 8
“According to a recent review, acceptance-based interventions also show promising results for depression as well (Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
BackgroundOkajima, J., & Okajima, I. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095674 · Cited by 5
Finnes, A., Anderzén, I., Pingel, R., Dahl, J., Molin, L., & Lytsy, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041754 · Cited by 6
Kalateh, S. N. G., Rajaei, A., Farhangi, H., & Bayazi, M. H. (2024) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_371_23 · Cited by 6
ACT em Grupo para Manejo de Ansiedade entre Universitários: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado
de Almeida, R. B., Demenech, L. M., Filho, P. G. D. S., & Neiva-Silva, L. (2022) · Psicologia Ciência e Profissão · doi:10.1590/1982-3703003235684 · Cited by 6
Rahnamazadeh, M., Ashayerih, H., Ranjbaripour, T., Kakavand, A., & Meschi, F. (2022) · International Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.34172/icnj.2022.15 · Cited by 6
Disentangling low-value practices from pseudoscience in health service psychology
Farmer, R. L., Zaheer, I., & Schulte, M. (2022) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2022.2144193 · Cited by 6
“Despite being a relatively recent variant (ca. 1990s) of cognitive and behavioral therapies, research has accumulated quickly moving it from unvalidated to validated (Twohig & Levin, 2017), effectively moving it from low-value practices to empirically supported practice in only a number of years.”
Alirahmi, M., Aibod, S., Azizifar, A., & Kikhavani, S. (2023) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1552_22 · Cited by 9
“[15] Among the psychological approaches of the third wave, this treatment has a good ability to control the attitudes and perceptions of a person against stressful events in life.”
Davis, C. H., Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2024) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2024.2346854 · Cited by 6
“While ACT and CBT have been found to be generally equally effective in treating depression (Twohig & Levin, 2017), ACT may lend itself more to examination on the level of specific, transdiagnostic treatment processes than CBT, thus making them hard to compare through these means.”
Self-citationLewin, R. K., Acuff, S. F., Berlin, K. S., Berman, J. S., & Murrell, A. R. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1881522 · Cited by 6
Psychotherapy in transplant patients
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Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief
Martínez-Medina, C. B., & Rodríguez-Orozco, A. R. (2023) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.021 · Cited by 5
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Mindfulness based intervention reduce anxiety in labor
Kundarti, F. I., Kiswati, K., & Komalyna, I. N. T. (2024) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102359 · Cited by 12
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“Several systematic reviews have also provided evidence of the positive outcomes of ACT, particularly in these populations dealing with depression and anxiety (Coto-Lesmes et al., 2020; Hacker et al., 2016; Montaner et al., 2022; Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
Shi, Y., Yu, H., Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1693290 · Cited by 7
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“…2013; Twohig et al., 2015), anxiety disorders (Dalrymple & Herbert, 2007; Kelson et al., 2019; Landy et al., 2015), depression (Forman et al., 2007; Twohig & Levin, 2017), post-traumatic stress disorder (Hermann et al., 2016; You & Son, 2018), and substance abuse (Batten & Hayes, 2005; Wilson et…”
Chatrath, S., LeBovidge, J., Jack, C. S., Abuabara, K., Schneider, L. C., Capozza, K., Kelley, K., & Silverberg, J. I. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1093/ced/llad315 · Cited by 5
Kok, X. K., Puah, S., Pua, C. Y., Devilly, O. Z., & Lim, S. M. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00218-2 · Cited by 6
“…and students’ well-being, interventions incorporating psychological flexibility that are centred on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) could be employed as they have been found to be effective in reducing burnout [43] and even treating mental disorders such as anxiety and depression [29, 67].”
Zacharia, M., & Karekla, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68932-2_9 · Cited by 5
Kleiman, K., Marks, D. R., Block-Lerner, J., Tirch, D., Brady, V., Foote, B., & Silberstein-Tirch, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1509396 · Cited by 4
“Empirical evidence for ACT’s transdiagnostic efficacy for conditions including depression, anxiety (Twohig and Levin, 2017), and PTSD (Pohar and Argáez, 2017), has grown exponentially over recent years, with over 1,000 randomized controlled trials published to date (Hayes, 2023).”
Zu, W., Li, F., Ma, X., Zhang, S., Nie, W., & Wang, L. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100843 · Cited by 4
Jeong, N., Kim, E., & Chun, J. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100842 · Cited by 4
Hockemeyer, N. G., Johns, S. A., Judge, K. S., Baucco, C., Gowan, T., Slaven, J. E., & Fowler, N. R. (2025) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2453823 · Cited by 4
“ACT is rooted in functional contextualism and (Hayes et al. 2012) incorporates mindfulness and acceptance-based processes along with commitment and behavior change processes to support adaptive coping with life’s realities (Hayes et al. 2012; Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
Wang, C., Zheng, Y., Wang, X., Wang, M., & Yang, X. (2025) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459251336042 · Cited by 4
“46 Future ACT programs for behavioral changes may focus more on enhancing the component of valued action, which may improve the program efficacy and transdi-agnostic effects on both depressive symptoms and health behavioral changes.”
Tong, F., Zhang, Y., & Jiao, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1672957 · Cited by 9
“Some studies have shown that ACT can lower suicidal ideation, but due to limited quantity and quality of research, current evidence is insufficient for it to be recommended as a stand-alone suicide intervention (Jobes, 2023; Tighe et al., 2018; Twohig and Levin, 2017).”
Efficacy of Mindfulness Meditation as a Therapeutic Tool in Problematic Pornography Consumption
Pareek, S., Jain, G., & Gupta, R. K. (2023) · Sexual Health & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/26929953.2023.2270620 · Cited by 6
“…Voon, & Potenza, 2016), there is a sufficient theoretical framework to apply addiction identifiers to problematic pornography use (Kor et al., 2014), which has implications for the benefits of using ACT in treating perceived problematic pornography use (Hayes et al. 2011; Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
BackgroundMooney, J., Bethell, A., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & White, R. G. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2023-0001 · Cited by 5
Langroudi, R. R., Ghiasian, M., Roozbehani, M., & Shamsaei, F. (2020) · Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care · doi:10.30699/ajnmc.28.3.251 · Cited by 3
Mental Health and Well-Being of Solid Organ Transplant Donors. The Forgotten Sacrifices
Pan, X., Toh, J. Z. K., Ng, C. H., Tay, P. W. L., Wong, N. W., Kow, A. W. C., Vathsala, A., Tan, E. X. X., Muthiah, M. D., & Lim, W. H. (2021) · Transplantology · doi:10.3390/transplantology2030026 · Cited by 5
Fogelkvist, M., Gustafsson, S. A., Kjellin, L., & Parling, T. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00615-9 · Cited by 4
Serrano‐Ibáñez, E. R., Castelo, A. M. D. L. V., Varela, C., Montero-Matellanes, M. M., & Pulido, A. G. (2023) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440231207269 · Cited by 5
“Nevertheless, in line with research on the general population (e.g., Feliu-Soler et al., 2018; Twohig & Levin, 2017), it appears that a willingness to confront undesirable experiences full-on and recognize them can help in their management, thus reducing symptoms (Hayes et al., 2011) and…”
ResultScandurra, C., Pizzo, R., Esposito, G., & Freda, M. F. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251357346 · Cited by 5
“…interventions (Conley et al., 2013; Powers et al., 2017; Smits et al., 2012), acceptance-based approaches (Coto-Lesmes et al., 2020; Twohig & Levin, 2017), or psychodynamic treatments (Lemma et al., 2010) aimed at processing the negative self-evaluation as a student, reframing the…”
A guide to what works for depression: An evidence-based review
Morgan, A. J., Reavley, N. J., Jorm, A. F., Bassilios, B., Hopwood, M., Allen, N. B., & Purcell, R. (2019) · Cited by 4
Teugels, A., van den Eijnden, I., Keersmaekers, B., Verstockt, B., Sabino, J., Vermeire, S., Guadagnoli, L. A., Diest, I. V., & Ferrante, M. (2024) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae025 · Cited by 4
Bowers, E. M., Levin, M. E., Ong, C. W., & Twohig, M. P. (2025) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2025.104806 · Cited by 5
Self-citationYasar, A. B. (2024) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2024.00232 · Cited by 3
Schachter, J., Ajayi, A. A., & Delgado, J. E. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100852 · Cited by 3
Accepting the Challenge and Committing to the Future of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Science
Borgogna, N. C., & Aita, S. L. (2025) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2025.02.014 · Cited by 3
Innocenti, M., Comerci, C., Dockerty, G., Grassi, G., Santarelli, G., & Cadeddu, C. (2025) · The Journal of Climate Change and Health · doi:10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100585 · Cited by 4
“Behavioral Therapy (CBT): In Lisa ’ s case, both ACT and CBT [29 – 32] were implemented to help her manage negative thought patterns and maladaptive behaviors associated with her eco-anxiety.”
Wang, Y., Li, Q., Su, J., & Yang, X. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-026-01644-0 · Cited by 6
badrkhani, M., Motlagh, F. Z., & Pirāni, Z. (2022) · The Journal Of Psychological Science · doi:10.52547/jps.21.116.1649 · Cited by 3
Gwak, J., & Park, J. (2024) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2024-000796 · Cited by 3
“34 Patients learn to recognise and accept their anxiety, leading to a reduction in FOF.”
BackgroundConde, A. R., de Sousa, C. N. S., da Silva, F. F., Souto, T., Fernandes, M. I., & Ferreira, M. J. (2024) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2024.2431204 · Cited by 3
“…based on positive psychology focused on promoting positivity, such as Positive Cognitive behavioral therapy and Strengths-based approaches (Geschwind et al., 2019; Proctor, 2017), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (Twohig & Levin, 2017) and Mindfulness (Nekić, 2023; Rogers & Maytan, 2019).”
Introduction to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Spencer, S. D., & Levin, M. E. (2025) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2025.02.002 · Cited by 7
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Luck, T., & Luck-Sikorski, C. (2020) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/a-1310-1860 · Cited by 3
“Für spezifischere Aussagen zu einem möglichen Einfluss von Schuldgefühlen auf das Depressionsrisiko wie auch zur Wirksamkeit möglicher Behandlungsstrategien, wie beispielsweise Ansätzen zur Förderung der Selbstvergebung [33] oder der Akzeptanz und dem Commitment der eigenen Person gegenüber (Acceptance and Commitment…”
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Evaluation of an Intensive Program for Children With Co-occurring Medical and Emotional Disorders
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“Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy, which is rooted in the principles of psychological flexibility, on social anxiety (SA) (9).”
Özdemir, R., & Soysal, F. S. Ö. (2024) · IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.21733/ibad.1498646 · Cited by 4
Spurgeon, E., Saper, R. B., Alexopoulos, A. V., Allendorfer, J. B., Bar, J., Caldwell, J., Cervenka, M. C., Darling, S., Dombrowski, S. M., Gallagher, L. M., et al. (2024) · Epilepsia Open · doi:10.1002/epi4.13037 · Cited by 3
Hsu, K. J., Carl, E., DiVita, A., Feldman, T., Foulser, A. A., Freihart, B. K., Madole, J. W., McNamara, M. E., Rubin, M., Stein, A. T., et al. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.02.003 · Cited by 4
Clinical Psychology during COVID-19: Experiences from Six Frontline Hospitals in Mexico
Landa-Ramírez, É., Cervantes, C. T. S., Sánchez-Román, S., Urdapilleta-Herrera, E. D. C., Basulto-Montero, J. L., & Ledesma-Torres, L. A. (2021) · Revista de Psicoterapia · doi:10.33898/rdp.v32i120.588 · Cited by 3
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Altieri, L., Monaco, V., & Stefanini, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71904-2_20 · Cited by 2
Introduction to Acceptance and Commitment Practices
Holland, M. L., Brock, S. E., Oren, T., & van Eckhardt, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_2 · Cited by 2
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Fear-related anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
Moreland-Capuia, A. R., Vahabzadeh, A., Gillespie, C. F., & Ressler, K. J. (2023) · Neurobiology of Brain Disorders · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85654-6.00005-8 · Cited by 3
Bin Qamar, R. A., Pereira, H., & Alckmin-Carvalho, F. (2026) · Advances in respiratory medicine · doi:10.3390/arm94030032 · Cited by 1
“…through six core processes—acceptance, cognitive defusion, present-moment awareness, self-as-context, values clarification, and committed action—encouraging patients to pursue meaningful goals (such as completing treatment) even in the presence of distressing thoughts or symptoms [39,40].”
Kang, H.-S., Hwang, S.-D., & Jun, S.-E. (2019) · Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12934/jkpmhn.2019.28.3.271 · Cited by 1
Byrne, G. (2021) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x21000064 · Cited by 1
“The concept of psychological flexibility refers to an ability to stay grounded with inner experiences, allowing such experiences to be there when useful, to view thoughts as thoughts and not get hooked by the meaning of same, having a strong sense of life direction, and pursuing the things in life that are meaningful…”
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Comparing cognitive coping components: An investigation of treatment outcomes and processes
Wall, A. D., & Lee, E. B. (2025) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100893 · Cited by 1
Huth, H. A., Klein, J. P., Fürschke, S., Faßbinder, E., Newe, C., Jauch‐Chara, K., Burian, R., Baumeister, A., Moritz, S., Borgwardt, S., et al. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10596-z · Cited by 1
Bariani, B., Pinto, B. S., Santos, L. A., Benatti, R. G., Lessa, M. P. M., Loureiro, J. C., Silva, J. F., Silva, V. A., Cardeal, H. B., Pereira, J. L., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120182 · Cited by 1
Varela, V., Vlachopoulou, M., Miliou, A., Papageorgiou, C. C., Antonopoulos, A. S., Tsioufis, K., Papageorgiou, C. C., & Vlachopoulos, C. (2026) · Journal of Health Service Psychology · doi:10.1007/s42843-025-00147-1 · Cited by 1
“This process helps reconnect patients with a more flexible and expansive sense of purpose (Graham et al., 2016; Hayes et al., 2012; Twohig & Levin, 2017).”
Lundgren, O. (2018) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-148332 · Cited by 1
“Study IV A journey through chaos and calmness: Experiences of mindfulness training in patients with depressive symptoms after a recent coronary event - a qualitative diary content analysis Oskar Lundgren, Peter Garvin, Margareta Kristenson, Lena Jonasson, and Ingela Thylén Manuscript under review (BMC Psychology) ABST…”
BackgroundInfluentialKirk, A., Rollins, V., & Arch, J. J. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice · doi:10.1097/ebp.0000000000000809 · Cited by 1
“Although ACT has been found effective in various psychological disorders, its application to psychosocial concerns and health behavior change in medical populations is relatively new.(2) The cancer experience has become an important focus for behavioral interventions because of its negative impact on outcomes associat…”
BackgroundHealth in the context of psychological flexibility and acceptance and commitment therapy
Prokopowicz, A., Stańczykiewicz, B., & Uchmanowicz, I. (2021) · Medical Research Journal · doi:10.5603/mrj.a2021.0032 · Cited by 1
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“Additionally, research indicates that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) effectively reduces symptoms of poor sexual function (Hasanzadeh et al., 2019) and depression (see review, Twohig & Levin, 2017), but these issues have not been treated simultaneously in the same protocol.”
BackgroundHashemiPoor, S., Bagholi, H., & Barzegar, M. (2021) · Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal · doi:10.52547/ieepj.3.4.419 · Cited by 1
“Twohig and Levin (2017) in a study examined acceptance and commitment-based therapy on quality of life and depressive symptoms in people with depression.”
BackgroundStrategies of adults for dealing with feelings of guilt – findings from a large web-based survey
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Terapia breve centrada en soluciones y terapia de aceptación y compromiso para la depresión
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“En ese sentido, promueve la aceptación de la experiencia y la participación en patrones conductuales comprometidos con valores (Twohig & Levin, 2017) por medio de 6 procesos básicos de flexibilidad psicológica (Tabla 2).”
BackgroundTwohig, M. P., Petersen, J. M., & Miguel, G. G. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11677-3_14 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAchtsamkeit – Gewahrsein im gegenwärtigen Moment
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Bajestani, A. B., Shahabizadeh, F., Vaziri, S., & Kashani, F. L. (2022) · Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.34172/jsums.2022.12 · Cited by 1
“This means psychological flexibility which allows patients to respond to new experiences with openness and to accept events the way they are (43).”
BackgroundTreatment of Learning Anxiety: A Bibliometric Review in Islamic Psychology
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Metadata
- Authors
- Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Utah State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Twohig, Michael P.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 751-770
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2725508837
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- acceptance and commitment therapy, anxiety disorders, depression, psychological flexibility, cognitive behavioral therapy, change processes, treatment efficacy, psychopathology models
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
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