The third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy and the rise of process-based care
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The third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy and the rise of processbased care
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The six core therapeutic processes of ACT are acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with present moment, self-as-context, values, and committed action.
“Specifically, the six core therapeutic processes of ACT are acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with present moment, self-as-context, values, and committed action.”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review and conceptual model (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
The Abstract identifies acceptance, cognitive defusion, and values as concepts central to third-wave interventions and names ACT among those interventions. It does not identify six core ACT processes or list contact with the present moment, self-as-context, and committed action as such. (LLM, conf=0.80)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAcceptance and Commitment Therapy addresses goals, values, barriers, and cognition through acceptance, mindfulness, commitment, and behavior changes.
“ACT addresses goals, values, barriers, and cognition through acceptance, mindfulness, commitment, and behavior changes [40-42].”
From A digital, coach-assisted intervention to address the psychosocial needs of young adult cancer survivors: Randomized controlled trial protocol and intervention adaptation process (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
The Abstract identifies ACT as a third-wave approach and says third-wave methods emphasize acceptance, mindfulness, values, goals, and the relationship to thoughts and emotions. It does not specifically say that ACT addresses barriers or describe commitment and behavior change as the means by which ACT addresses all the listed areas. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe ACT approach explicitly addresses concepts like meaning, values, purpose, challenges, acceptance, and being present, and aligns with hope theory.
“which reflected the relevance of the ACT approach [40], which explicitly addresses these concepts and aligns with hope theory.”
From A digital, coach-assisted intervention to address the psychosocial needs of young adult cancer survivors: Randomized controlled trial protocol and intervention adaptation process (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
The Abstract identifies ACT as a third-wave approach and says third-wave methods emphasize mindfulness, acceptance, values, and goals. It does not specifically say ACT addresses meaning, purpose, or challenges, or that ACT aligns with hope theory. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe third wave in CBT shifted away from directly decreasing negative affect and toward acceptance and relinquishing control over maladaptive mood regulation attempts.
“The recent ‘third wave’ in cognitive behavioral therapy has shifted away from directly decreasing negative affect and instead focused on acceptance and relinquishing control over maladaptive attempts to regulate internal mood states.”
From Examining Positive and Negative Affect as Outcomes and Moderators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. (2019) · cites this paper as Hayes & Hofmann, 2017
The Abstract says third-wave CBT emphasized acceptance and focused more on a person’s relationship to thoughts and emotions than on their content. It does not specifically describe a shift away from directly decreasing negative affect or toward relinquishing control over maladaptive attempts to regulate mood; it also says newer methods coexist with established ones. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredACT is believed to be more transdiagnostic so it can be applied across a wide range of psychological disorders.
“Moreover, ACT is believed to be more transdiagnostic so it can be applied across a wide range of psychological disorders [14].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
The Abstract identifies ACT as a third-wave approach and says third-wave work emphasizes transdiagnostic processes that cut across diagnostic categories. It does not specifically say that ACT is more transdiagnostic than other therapies or establish its applicability across a wide range of disorders. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
CBT and MBT are multi-component approaches involving different combinations of more specific treatment strategies.
“CBT and MBT are both multi-component approaches involving different combinations of more specific treatment strategies (Hayes & Hofmann, 2017).”
From A mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences (2023) · cites this paper as Hayes & Hofmann, 2017
The paper’s Abstract describes CBT as a non-monolithic family of interventions and says third-wave methods have been added to packages containing traditional behavioral and cognitive methods. It names mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as one approach, but does not characterize MBT as a separate multi-component approach involving different combinations of strategies. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness-based interventions provide a promising psychotherapeutic strategy for major depressive disorder.
“And as the third wave of CBT, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) provide a promising psychotherapeutic strategy for MDD [10].”
From The effectiveness of mindfulness yoga on patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
The Abstract identifies mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a third-wave CBT approach and says evidence suggests mindfulness methods are helpful. It does not address their use specifically for major depressive disorder, so it does not establish the MDD-specific part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMBSR and ACT belong to the so-called 'third-wave' CBT approaches.
“MBSR and ACT belong to the so-called ‘third-wave’ CBT approaches”
From Web-based mindfulness and skills-based distress reduction for patients with cancer: study protocol of the multicentre, randomised, controlled confirmatory intervention trial Reduct (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
The Abstract explicitly lists acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) among third-wave CBT approaches and identifies mindfulness methods as central to them. It does not identify mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) specifically as a third-wave CBT approach; the mindfulness-based approach it names is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMBSR and ACT are commonly integrated into CBT to support the patients need with a more holistic view on mental health.
“which means that they are commonly integrated into CBT to support the patients need with a more holistic view on mental health.”
From Web-based mindfulness and skills-based distress reduction for patients with cancer: study protocol of the multicentre, randomised, controlled confirmatory intervention trial Reduct (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
The Abstract names ACT as a third-wave CBT approach and says mindfulness and acceptance methods have become part of the CBT tradition, sometimes alongside traditional CBT methods. It also describes a shift toward the thriving of whole persons. However, it does not name MBSR or establish that MBSR and ACT are commonly integrated into CBT specifically to meet patients’ needs. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMajor third-wave therapies focusing on change mechanisms in psychosis are ACT and MCT.
“Major third-wave therapies that explicitly focus on potential change mechanisms in psychosis are the Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) and the Metacognitive Training (MCT) (9).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
The Abstract names acceptance and commitment therapy as a third-wave approach and says third-wave care increasingly focuses on processes of change. It names metacognitive therapy, not Metacognitive Training (MCT), and does not identify ACT or MCT as therapies focused on change mechanisms in psychosis. The separate psychosis section discusses virtual reality, not those therapies; no page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThird wave approaches stress present-moment mindfulness, accepting thoughts and feelings, and acting in line with one's values.
“The third wave movement has ushered in modalities that emphasize previously unaddressed concepts such as mindfulness of the present moment, acceptance of cognitions and feelings, and behaviors consistent with personal values (Hayes & Hofmann, 2017).”
From Examining Positive and Negative Affect as Outcomes and Moderators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. (2019) · cites this paper as Hayes & Hofmann, 2017
ACT is now generally regarded as part of a new generation of CBT approaches focused on process-based treatments.
“ACT is now generally considered part of a new generation of CBT approaches focused on process-based treatments.81,82”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Anxiety and Depression (2017) · cites this paper as [81]
ACT is a third-wave behavioural therapy that focuses on promoting psychological flexibility rather than the elimination of disorder symptoms.
“ACT as a third-wave behavioural therapy focuses on promoting psychological flexibility rather than the elimination of disorder symptoms.19”
From Mixed-methods feasibility outcomes for a novel ACT-based video game ‘ACTing Minds’ to support mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
The psychological processes under study were nuclear processes expected to be promoted through third wave CBT approaches and were in line with the therapeutic framework that supported the development of the Be a Mom program.
“These psychological processes were nuclear processes that were expected to be promoted through third wave CBT approaches [13] and therefore in line with the therapeutic framework that supported the development of the Be a Mom program.”
From The Efficacy of Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Examining Mechanisms of Change in a Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
Understanding what leads to change and tailoring therapy to change mechanisms is important to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve treatment outcomes.
“Understanding what leads to change and tailoring therapy to directly address those change mechanisms hence seems to be important to generally optimize therapeutic strategies and thus to improve overall treatment outcomes for patients (9, 13).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Third-wave therapies focus on the behavioral function of internal experiences rather than their content.
“In contrast to disorder-specific CBTp protocols that aim to alter the occurrence and form of psychotic symptoms such as delusional thoughts and hallucinations (8), third-wave therapies often focus on the behavioral function of internal experiences rather than their content per se (9).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Acceptance and commitment therapy is a third-wave cognitive behavioural therapy that focuses on an individual's relationship to their thoughts and emotions rather than content and thinking styles.
“ACT is a third-wave cognitive behavioural therapy that focuses on an individual’s relationship to their thoughts and emotions rather than content and thinking styles (Hayes & Hofmann, Citation2017).”
From The feasibility and acceptability of a single-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention to support women self-reporting fear of childbirth in a first pregnancy. (2023) · cites this paper as Hayes & Hofmann, 2017
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) emphasizes cognitive restructuring and promotes the use of reappraisal, while third wave psychotherapies focus on acceptance and decentering to regulate emotions.
“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), emphasizes cognitive restructuring and promotes the use of reappraisal, while ‘third wave’ psychotherapies (e.g., mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy [101]) focus on acceptance and decentering to regulate emotions.”
From Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [101]
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“The third-wave movement has ushered in modalities that emphasize previously unaddressed concepts, such as mindfulness of the present moment, acceptance of cognitions and feelings, and behaviors consistent with personal values (Hayes & Hofmann, 2017).”
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“Third-wave methods focus more on the patient’s relationship to thoughts and emotions than on thought content, emphasizing acceptance and mindfulness (11).”
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“Many third wave methods are argued to offer a transdiagnostic approach, targeting common psychological processes relevant across the continuum from ill-health to flourishing, rather than specific models of disorder or disease (Hayes & Hofmann, 2017).”
BackgroundA mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences
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“Understanding these underlying mechanisms is crucial, as it could inform the re fi nement of interventions to better accommodate the dynamic processes of change that unfold over time [54, 55].”
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“These psychological processes were nuclear processes that were expected to be promoted through third wave CBT approaches [13] and therefore in line with the therapeutic framework that supported the development of the Be a Mom program.”
Heinen, J. M., Laing, E. M., Schäffeler, N., Bäuerle, A., Krakowczyk, J. B., Schug, C., Ziesemer, S. K., Teufel, M., Erim, Y., Zipfel, S., et al. (2024) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.6350 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“11,12 In the recent decade, MBI have been integrated into psychotherapy 13–15 and are also increasingly adapted as an intervention for cancer patients.”
BackgroundFang, S., & Ding, D. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.015 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Fang, S., Ding, D., Zhang, R., & Huang, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084467 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Third-wave CBT is based on the concept of context and focuses more on the person’s relationship with thoughts and emotions than on the content of cognitions (47).”
BackgroundMacías, J., Valero-Aguayo, L., Bond, F., & Blanca, M. (2019) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2018.202 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“This study aims to lead into process-based therapy (PBT) centered on the underlying processes, instead of developing new approaches (Hayes & Hofmann, 2017).”
Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Puttonen, S., Karhunen, L., Sairanen, E., Laitinen, J., Kolehmainen, M., Pihlajamäki, J., Kujala, U. M., Korpela, R., Ermes, M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09891-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Heath, N., Midkiff, M. F., Gerhart, J., & Turow, R. G. (2021) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2021.1878306 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ryan, A. K., Pakenham, K. I., & Burton, N. W. (2020) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12429 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sadeghi-Bahmani, D., Esmaeili, L., Mokhtari, F., Sadeghi Bahmani, L., Afsharzadeh, M., Shaygannejad, V., Mirmosayyeb, O., Goldstein-Piekarski, A. N., & Gross, J. J. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104029 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kinnunen, S. M., Puolakanaho, A., Mäkikangas, A., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2020) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000132 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Raines, A. M., Allan, N. P., McGrew, S. J., Gooch, C. V., Wyatt, M., Laurel Franklin, C., & Schmidt, N. B. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106285 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Miao, C., Gao, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Chung, J. W.-Y., & Smith, G. D. (2023) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04141-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“And as the third wave of CBT, mindful-ness-based interventions (MBIs) provide a promising psychotherapeutic strategy for MDD [10].”
BackgroundSalari, N., Rezaie, L., Khazaie, H., Bokaee, S., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, M., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01934-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Carvalho, S. A., Trindade, I. A., Gillanders, D., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., & Castilho, P. (2019) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2386 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Richards, R., Jones, R. A., Whittle, F., Hughes, C. A., Hill, A. J., Lawlor, E. R., Bostock, J., Bates, S., Breeze, P. R., Brennan, A., et al. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/31801 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cassiello-Robbins, C., Rosenthal, M. Z., & Ammirati, R. J. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.04.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Maxwell, A., Zouki, J.-J., & Eapen, V. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1265123 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“This novel intervention draws on traditional behavioral tic interventions yet integrates third-wave cognitive behavioral therapies, highlighting the importance of a person ’ s relationship to their thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations, including stress responses (24).”
BackgroundRandomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic tinnitus
Walter, U., Pennig, S., Kottmann, T., Bleckmann, L., Röschmann-Doose, K., & Schlee, W. (2023) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000337 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Schulze, T., Hahn, E., Hahne, I., Bergmann, N., Fuchs, L. M., Mähler, F., Zierhut, M. M., Ta, T. M. T., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., & Böge, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.715670 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Curtis, F., Laparidou, D., Bridle, C., Law, G. R., Durrant, S., Rodriguez, A., Pierzycki, R. H., & Siriwardena, A. N. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101405 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Giovannetti, A. M., Messmer Uccelli, M., Solari, A., & Pakenham, K. I. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2025926 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Popa, C. O., Sava, F. A., Muresan, S., Schenk, A., Cojocaru, C. M., Muntean, L. M., & Olah, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008981 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Therefore, integrative CBT approaches address psychopathology by shifting the focus from a pure categorical towards a dimensional perspective pursuing the identification of dysfunctional processes behind psychopathology (Hayes and Hofmann, 2017).”
BackgroundFishbein, J. N., Baer, R. A., Correll, J., & Arch, J. J. (2022) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120980061 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Guerrini Usubini, A., Cattivelli, R., Giusti, E. M., Riboni, F. V., Varallo, G., Pietrabissa, G., Manzoni, G. M., Consoli, S., Bastoni, I., Granese, V., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05191-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Howard, S., Houghton, C. M. G., White, R., Fallon, V., & Slade, P. (2023) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.2024190 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“ACT is a third-wave cognitive behavioural therapy that focuses on an individual’s relationship to their thoughts and emotions rather than content and thinking styles (Hayes & Hofmann, 2017).”
BackgroundBäuerle, A., Martus, P., Erim, Y., Schug, C., Heinen, J., Krakowczyk, J. B., Steinbach, J., Damerau, M., Bethge, W., Dinkel, A., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056973 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yuyan, Y., Jiaqi, L., Ting, W., Juan, X., Jinfeng, W., & Jing, L. (2025) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102862 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Spencer, S. D., Buchanan, J. A., & Masuda, A. (2020) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445519854321 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Drüge, M., Guthardt, L., Haller, E., Michalak, J., & Apolinário-Hagen, J. (2024) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_11 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Inquiry-based stress reduction: A systematic review of the empirical literature
Hook, J. N., Kim Penberthy, J., Davis, D. E., & Van Tongeren, D. R. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23120 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Berta-Otero, T., Barceló-Soler, A., Montero-Marin, J., Maloney, S., Pérez-Aranda, A., López-Montoyo, A., Salvo, V., Sussumu, M., García-Campayo, J., & Demarzo, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010225 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“, thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations) [66].”
Bernstein, C. A., Connor, J. P., Vilsmark, E. S., Paschali, M., Rozenkrantz, L., Rist, P. M., Wayne, P. M., & Lazaridou, A. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106907 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Heinen, J., Bäuerle, A., Schug, C., Krakowczyk, J. B., Strunk, S. E., Wieser, A., Beckord, J., Jansen, C., Dries, S., Pantförder, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1037158 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In the last two decades, the so-called third wave of CBT has brought about a shift toward a more holistic approach to psychotherapy that integrates classical CBT techniques with a novel, transdiagnostic approach tailored to patients’ specific needs (30, 31) Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Acceptance and…”
BackgroundTherapeutic change processes link and clarify targets and outcomes
Hofmann, S. G., & Hayes, S. C. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20664 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMorroni, D., Konstantinou, P., Gkleka, C., Kassianos, A. P., & Karekla, M. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02500-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
““Third wave” CBT refers to a new generation of CBT approaches that focus on the overall advancement of psychological and behavioral processes involved in well-being instead of the dissipation of psychological symptoms [ 20 ].”
McCready, D. M., Arem, H., Duarte, D. A., Dennis, K., Ball, N., Cafferty, L. A., Hinds, P. S., Howlader, A., & Berg, C. J. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107545 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Carvalho, S. A., Palmeira, L., Coutinho, M., Barbosa, R., & Trindade, I. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01383-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Faulkner, J., Prouty, D., Devlin, L., Appleton, D., Roche, M., Below, K., Moffat, J., Snell, D., Williams, M. N., Barker-Collo, S., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089727 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Drüge, M., Guthardt, L., & Haller, E. (2024) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_12 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gardini, V., Ruini, C., Tossani, E., Grandi, S., & Tomba, E. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12237470 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Within the third wave of the cognitive behavioral theory of mental disorders [13], clinical studies showed that several behaviors that might be detrimental to individuals’ health (such as heavy drinking, heavy smoking, or dysfunctional eating behaviors) are related to high levels of psychological…”
BackgroundOnline process-based training for perfectionism: A randomized trial
Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104152 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Buskbjerg, C., O'Toole, M. S., Zachariae, R., Jensen, A. B., Frederiksen, Y., Johansen, C., von Heymann, A., Speckens, A., & Johannsen, M. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066505 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gordon, T. C., Kemp, A. H., & Edwards, D. J. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080972 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“19 More specifically, ACT aims to promote psychological flexibility through six core processes of change.”
BackgroundThe development of the ‘Forms of Responding to Self-Critical Thoughts Scale’ (FoReST)
White, R. G., Larkin, P., McCluskey, J., Lloyd, J., & McLeod, H. J. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Donahue, M. L., & Levin, M. E. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2024.2321432 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Taylor, H., Kingston, J., & Taylor, M. D. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100849 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
She, Y., Klimczak, K. S., Levin, M. E., & Liao, S. N. (2024) · Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1 · doi:10.1145/3626252.3630805 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“More-over, ACT is believed to be more transdiagnostic so it can be applied across a wide range of psychological disorders [14].”
BackgroundThe Contribution of Psychological Inflexibility and Metacognitive Processes to Emotional Distress.
Quan, H., & Zettle, R. D. (2023) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcpsy-d-21-00014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gussmann, E., Lucae, S., Falkai, P., Padberg, F., Egli, S., & Kopf-Beck, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160075 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The concept of MCT by Moritz and Woodward was originally inspired by research on cognitive biases in psychosis (65) and aims to convey metacognitive knowledge and raise metacognitive awareness for dysfunctional thought patterns (60, 122).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Hayes, S. C., & Hofmann, S. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-09-21
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 245-246
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC5608815
- OpenAlex
- W2756552033
- Cited by
- 613
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OpenBU (Boston University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, process-oriented psychotherapy
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