Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—a diffusion-tensor imaging study of the corpus callosum
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the microstructure and the macrostructure of the corpus callosum (CC) in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-nine participants with ADHD and 37 controls were included from the Norwegian ADHD project in Bergen. We measured the fractional anisotropy (FA) values, as well as the size of different subdivisions of the CC, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and anatomical MRI. The isthmus/splenium part of the CC in the ADHD group showed reduced FA values compared to the control group, whereas the size of the CC did not differ across groups. Our findings thus demonstrate a divergence between microstructural and macrostructural measures in the CC of adults with ADHD. This contrasts with findings in children demonstrating callosal abnormalities in both microstructure and macrostructure. Our results may indicate that adults with ADHD in part have succeeded in passing by an earlier developmental delay of the CC, resulting in a normalization of callosal macrostructure into adulthood. However, microstructural differences are still present in adults, which may point to an abnormal lateralization in adults with ADHD, or could be a sign of a persisting impairment.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The reduced FA and MD in the corpus callosum corroborate previous findings in children and adults with ADHD.
“Reduced FA and MD were found in the corpus callosum, which corroborates previous findings in children [48, 49] and adults with ADHD [50, 51].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148 · see citing works
Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Johansen-Berg, H., Rueckert, D., Nichols, T. E., Mackay, C., Watkins, K., Ciccarelli, O., Cader, M., Matthews, P., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024 · Cited by 6,035 · see citing works
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346 · see citing works
SMITH, S., & NICHOLS, T. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061 · Cited by 5,250 · see citing works
KESSLER, R. C., ADLER, L., AMES, M., DEMLER, O., FARAONE, S., HIRIPI, E., HOWES, M. J., JIN, R., SECNIK, K., SPENCER, T., et al. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002892 · Cited by 3,452 · see citing works
FARAONE, S. V., BIEDERMAN, J., & MICK, E. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170500471x · Cited by 2,267 · see citing works
Fiber tracking: principles and strategies – a technical review
Mori, S., & van Zijl, P. C. M. (2002) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.781 · Cited by 2,019 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation
Shaw, P., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Blumenthal, J., Lerch, J. P., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., & Rapoport, J. L. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707741104 · Cited by 1,819 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66915-2 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
WITELSON, S. F. (1989) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/112.3.799 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Hofer, S., & Frahm, J. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.044 · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Why IQ is not a covariate in cognitive studies of neurodevelopmental disorders
DENNIS, M., FRANCIS, D. J., CIRINO, P. T., SCHACHAR, R., BARNES, M. A., & FLETCHER, J. M. (2009) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709090481 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Shaw, P., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., Sharp, W., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., Castellanos, F. X., & Rapoport, J. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.540 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Structural Brain Imaging of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Seidman, L. J., Valera, E. M., & Makris, N. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.019 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Ringo, J. L., Doty, R. W., Demeter, S., & Simard, P. Y. (1994) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/4.4.331 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Smith, S. M., Johansen‐Berg, H., Jenkinson, M., Rueckert, D., Nichols, T. E., Miller, K. L., Robson, M. D., Jones, D. K., Klein, J. C., Bartsch, A. J., et al. (2007) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.45 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Axon overproduction and elimination in the corpus callosum of the developing rhesus monkey
LaMantia, A., & RAKIC, P. T. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-07-02156.1990 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Studying connections in the living human brain with diffusion MRI
Jones, D. K. (2008) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.002 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
When does human brain development end? Evidence of corpus callosum growth up to adulthood
Pujol, J., Vendrell, P., Junqué, C., Jl, M.-V., & Capdevila, A. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410340113 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Development of the human corpus callosum during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J. D., Jeffries, N. O., Rajapakse, J. C., Vaituzis, A. C., Liu, H., Berry, Y. C., Tobin, M., Nelson, J. E., & Castellanos, F. X. (1999) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(99)00017-2 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
One hundred million years of interhemispheric communication: the history of the corpus callosum
Aboitiz, F., & Montiel, J. F. (2003) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2003000400002 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Human Corpus Callosum: Myth or Reality?
Bishop, K. M., & Wahłsten, D. (1997) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00049-8 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide
Skounti, M., Philalithis, A. E., & Galanakis, E. (2006) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-006-0299-5 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Green, J. G., Adler, L. A., Barkley, R. A., Chatterji, S., Faraone, S. V., Finkelman, M., Greenhill, L. L., Gruber, M. J., Jewell, M., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.146 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Halmøy, A., Fasmer, O. B., Gillberg, C., & Haavik, J. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708329777 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Development of the Corpus Callosum in the Healthy Human Brain
Eileen Luders, A., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5122-09.2010 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Shaw, P., Lalonde, F., Lepage, C., Rabin, C., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Greenstein, D., Evans, A., Giedd, J. N., & Rapoport, J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.103 · Cited by 249 · cited 3× · see citing works
“asymmetry is reported in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD (Shaw et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWesterhausen, R., Kreuder, F., Sequeira, S. D. S., Walter, C., Woerner, W., Wittling, R. A., Schweiger, E., & Wittling, W. (2004) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.07.002 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationMannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., & Moulton, J. L. (2003) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470300700203 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Development of the corpus callosum in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood
Keshavan, M. S., Diwadkar, V. A., DeBellis, M. D., Dick, E. L., Kotwal, R., Rosenberg, D. R., Sweeney, J. A., Minshew, N. J., & Pettegrew, J. W. (2002) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01492-3 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Reduced white matter integrity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Hamilton, L. S., Levitt, J. G., O'Neill, J., Alger, J. R., Luders, E., Phillips, O. R., Caplan, R., Toga, A. W., McCracken, J., & Narr, K. L. (2008) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283174415 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
White matter atlases based on diffusion tensor imaging
Mori, S., Oishi, K., & Faria, A. V. (2009) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32832d954b · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Sex differences in the human corpus callosum: diffusion tensor imaging study
Shin, Y., Kim, D. J., Ha, T. H., Park, H., Moon, W., Chung, E. C., Lee, J. M., Kim, I. Y., Kim, S. I., & Kwon, J. S. (2005) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200505310-00003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the dopaminergic hypotheses
Genro, J. P., Kieling, C., Rohde, L. A., & Hutz, M. H. (2010) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.17 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Carlsson, M. L. (2001) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(00)00146-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Westerhausen, R., Grüner, R., Specht, K., & Hugdahl, K. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn173 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationRelative Size versus Controlling for Size
Smith, R. J. (2005) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/427117 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cao, Q., Sun, L., Gong, G., Lv, Y., Cao, X., Shuai, L., Zhu, C., Zang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.031 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Johansson, S., Halleland, H., Halmøy, A., Jacobsen, K. K., Landaas, E. T., Dramsdahl, M., Fasmer, O. B., Bergsholm, P., Lundervold, A. J., Gillberg, C., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30662 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased Callosal Thickness in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Eileen Luders, A., Narr, K. L., Hamilton, L. S., Phillips, O. R., Thompson, P. M., Valle, J. S., Del’Homme, M., Strickland, T. L., McCracken, J. T., Toga, A. W., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.027 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Reorganization of the Corpus Callosum between the Age of 6 and 8 Years
Westerhausen, R., Eileen Luders, A., Specht, K., Ofte, S. H., Toga, A. W., Thompson, P. M., Helland, T., & Hugdahl, K. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq165 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationHalleland, H. B., Lundervold, A. J., Halmøy, A., Haavik, J., & Johansson, S. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30831 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamic interactions between the cerebral hemispheres
Innocenti, G. M. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1484-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Rüsch, N., Bracht, T., Kreher, B. W., Schnell, S., Glauche, V., Il'yasov, K. A., Ebert, D., Lieb, K., Hennig, J., Saur, D., et al. (2010) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.08.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Roessner, V., Banaschewski, T., Uebel, H., Becker, A., & Rothenberger, A. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1007-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Rüsch, N., Eileen Luders, A., Lieb, K., Zahn, R., Ebert, D., Thompson, P. M., Toga, A. W., & van Elst, L. T. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0741 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A critical re-examination of sexual dimorphism in the corpus callosum microstructure
Westerhausen, R., Kompus, K., Dramsdahl, M., Falkenberg, L. E., Grüner, R., Hjelmervik, H., Specht, K., Plessen, K. J., & Hugdahl, K. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.013 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting the dopamine system in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Staller, J. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2007) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.4.351 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chao, T. C., Chou, M., Yang, P., Chung, H., & Wu, M. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2008.09.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The relation between forebrain volume and midsagittal size of the corpus callosum in children
Jäncke, L., Preis, S., & Steinmetz, H. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199909290-00020 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
New Developments in the Treatment of ADHD
Biederman, J., Arnsten, A. F. T., Faraone, S. V., Doyle, A. E., Spencer, T. J., Wilens, T. E., Weiss, M. D., Safren, S. A., & Culpepper, L. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0121 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
McNally, M. A., Crocetti, D., Mahone, E., Denckla, M., Suskauer, S., & Mostofsky, S. (2010) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073809350221 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cognitive control in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Dramsdahl, M., Westerhausen, R., Haavik, J., Hugdahl, K., & Plessen, K. J. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.014 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD
Kooij, J. J. S., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Nunes Filipe, C., et al. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
A review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of brain networks
De La Fuente, A., Xia, S., Branch, C., & Li, X. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00192 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Imaging the ADHD brain: disorder-specificity, medication effects and clinical translation
Rubia, K., Alegria, A., & Brinson, H. (2014) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.907526 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Cortese, S., Imperati, D., Zhou, J., Proal, E., Klein, R. G., Mannuzza, S., Ramos-Olazagasti, M. A., Milham, M. P., Kelly, C., & Castellanos, F. X. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.025 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Dougherty, C. C., Evans, D. W., Myers, S. M., Moore, G. J., & Michael, A. M. (2016) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9300-2 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Gehricke, J.-G., Kruggel, F., Thampipop, T., Alejo, S. D., Tatos, E., Fallon, J., & Muftuler, L. T. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175433 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Onnink, A. M. H., Zwiers, M. P., Hoogman, M., Mostert, J. C., Dammers, J., Kan, C. C., Vasquez, A. A., Schene, A. H., Buitelaar, J., & Franke, B. (2015) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.008 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Lischke, A., Domin, M., Freyberger, H. J., Grabe, H. J., Mentel, R., Bernheim, D., & Lotze, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00196 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lin, Q., Bu, X., Chen, H., Liang, Y., Wang, W., Yi, Y., Lin, H., Lu, L., Gao, Y., Qian, A., et al. (2022) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00556-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dramsdahl, M., Westerhausen, R., Haavik, J., Hugdahl, K., & Plessen, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- University of Bergen (NO)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Dramsdahl, Margaretha
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 201
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 168-173
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142558626
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, corpus callosum, fractional anisotropy, laterality, brain development, adult ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Mapping, Developmental Disabilities, Corpus Callosum, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Reference Values, Anisotropy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
