A review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of brain networks
Open accessAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, which affects more than 5% of the population worldwide. ADHD is characterized by developmentally inappropriate behaviors of inattention, and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity. These behavioral manifestations contribute to diminished academic, occupational and social functioning, and have neurobiological bases. Neuronal deficits, especially in the attention and executive function processing networks, have been implicated in both children and adults with ADHD by using sophisticated structural and functional neuroimaging approaches. These structural and functional abnormalities in the brain networks have been associated with the impaired cognitive, affective, and motor behaviors seen in the disorder. The goal of this review is to summarize and integrate emerging themes from the existing neuroimaging connectivity studies based on advanced imaging techniques, applied in data of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging, electroencephalography and event related potential; and to discuss the results of these studies when considering future directions for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and developmental trajectories of the behavioral manifestations in ADHD. We conclude this review by suggesting that future research should put more effort on understanding the roles of the subcortical structures and their structural/functional pathways in ADHD.
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The lack of differences in striatal volumes in adults with ADHD may be caused by reductions in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in adulthood.
“This notion was corroborated by showing that the lack of differences in the striatal volumes in adults with ADHD may be caused by reductions in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in adulthood [25].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- De La Fuente, A., Xia, S., Branch, C., & Li, X.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Xiaobo
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 192-192
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3654209
- OpenAlex
- W1967484745
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 10.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD071593)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD071593, P30HD071593)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain networks, neurodevelopmental disorders, executive function, inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, structural connectivity, functional connectivity, diffusion tensor imaging, event-related potentials, subcortical structures, pathophysiology, developmental trajectories
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